Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Concepts -- Index

1 to 1 locks, setting, B-3, B-4

1 to n locks, setting, B-3

access, 3-2

acquisition interrupt, 5-16, 5-17

ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter, 10-22, 11-6

ADD LOGFILE clause

THREAD clause, 8-4

agent, 7-2

ALERT file, 8-2

alive, 10-19

allocation

automatic, 8-13

locks, B-4

ALTER DATABASE statement

ADD LOGFILE, 8-4

setting the log mode, A-3

ALTER TABLE statement

DISABLE TABLE LOCK clause, 6-5

ENABLE TABLE LOCK clause, 6-5

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 3-6

applications

scalability, 9-7, 9-9, 9-11

applications scalability, 9-11

architecture

components, 2-1

for cluster database processing, 3-1

Architecture Overview, 2-2

archive (ARCH), 1-5

ARCHIVELOG mode

automatic archiving, 1-5

changing mode, A-3

online and offline backups, 1-6

archiving redo log files

online archiving, 1-5

asymmetrical multiprocessing, 9-10

Auto Discovery, xxxiii

automatic undo management, xxxii, 8-5

availability

and interconnect, 3-5

benefit of cluster databases, 1-4

capacity planning, 10-6

measuring, 10-2

shared disk systems, 3-6

backups

export, A-2

offline, 1-5

online, 1-5

bandwidth, 3-4, 3-8, 9-7

best practices, 10-1

Block Media Recovery, xxxv, 10-20

Block Server Processes, xxxi

blocking interrupt, 5-16, 5-17

blocks

multiple copies, 1-5

when written to disk, 1-5, B-7

BMR, xxxv

buffer cache

minimizing I/O, 1-4

written to disk, 1-5

buffer cache management, 1-4

buffer state, 5-8, 5-9

cache

buffer cache, 1-4

dictionary cache, 6-2

flushing dictionary, 6-2

row cache, 6-2

cache coherency, xxv, 2-2, 5-3

Cache Fusion, xxv, xxx

Cache Fusion Scenarios, 5-10

Cache Fusion, definition, 5-2

cache recovery, 10-21

call, 6-5

catclustdb.sql script, xxxv

catparr.sql script, xxxv

checkpoint, 5-13

client

failover, 10-11

load balancing, 9-10

randomization, 9-10

clustdb.sql script, xxxv

cluster, xxv

components, 3-2

definition, 1-2

storage access, 3-5

cluster database, xxvi, 6-2

availability, 1-4

cluster database mode, 6-5

cluster database processing

definition, 1-3

hardware for, 3-1

when advantageous, 9-5

cluster file systems, xxviii

Cluster Hardware Architecture, 3-1

Cluster Manager (CM), 2-3, 10-8, 11-2

interaction with Global Cache Service, 2-7

node monitoring, 2-4

purpose, 2-3

Cluster Manager software

purpose, 2-3

cluster re-organization, 10-18

Cluster Setup Wizard, xxviii

CLUSTER_DATABASE parameter, xxxvi

CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES parameter, xxxvi

CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS parameter, xxxvi

compatibility

shared and exclusive modes, 8-2

components

for Oracle Real Application Clusters, 7-1

Concurrent Reads and Writes on Different Nodes, 5-2

Concurrent Reads on Multiple Nodes, 5-2

Concurrent Writes on Different Nodes, 5-2

configurations

for high availability, 10-22

connect-time failover, 9-9

consistency

multiversion read, 1-5

rollback information, 8-5

consistent read (CR), 5-3, B-7

Console, Oracle Enterprise Manager, xxxii

contention

disk, 8-2

table data, 8-2

Control File, 10-19

Control File Voting Results Record, 10-19

control script, 11-3

CPUs, 3-2

adding, 3-3

single, uniprocessor, 3-2

CREATE CONTROLFILE statement

exclusive mode, A-3

CREATE DATABASE statement

exclusive mode, A-3

cross-registration, 10-26

customer query, 11-10

Customized configuration type, xxvii

daemon, 2-3

Data Definition Language (DDL), 6-3, 6-5

data dictionary

objects, 6-2

row cache, 6-2

Data Dictionary Cache, 6-5

data files

access in high availability, 10-8

disk contention, 8-2

mapping locks to blocks, B-4

maximum number, A-3

shared, 8-2

unspecified for locks, B-4

Data Warehouse configuration type, xxvii

data warehousing, 9-6

database

backups, 1-5

export and import, A-2

scalability, 9-10

database administrator (DBA), 10-12

Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), xxix, 8-3, 9-2

database instance registration

client load balancing, 9-10

connect-time failover, 9-9

Database Management System Scalability, 9-10

Database Mount, 6-6

Database Mount Lock, 4-4

database writer (DBWR), 5-3

datafile

dropping, xxix

tablespace, xxix

DBCA, xxix

deadlock detection, 6-6

Decision Support Systems (DSS), 1-1, 9-2, 9-6

dedicated server

and Primary/Secondary Instance, 10-23

Dedicated Server Listener Load Balancing, xxxii

default user names, xxx

Deferred Writes, 1-5

diagnosability daemon, xxxiii

dictionary cache, 6-2

locks, 6-5

dictionary cache locks, 6-5

dirty block, 1-5, 5-5

disjoint data

data files, 8-2

disk subsystems, 2-8

disks

contention, 8-2

reading blocks, 1-5

writing blocks, 1-5, B-7

distributed locks

row cache, 6-2

total number, 6-2

DML locks, xxvi, 4-4, 6-3

DML_LOCKS parameter, 6-4, 6-5

downgrade, 5-16

downtime

categories of, 10-3

DROP TABLE statement, 6-2

dynamic resource remastering, xxx, 2-6

enqueue, 4-2

global, 6-2

local, 4-3

enqueue, definition, 4-4

enqueues, 4-3

Ethernet

as used in Real Application Clusters, 3-5

exclusive (X) mode, 5-4

exclusive current (XCUR), 5-8

exclusive mode, 5-4

compatibility, A-2

Export utility

and free lists, A-3

backing up data, A-2

compatibility, A-2

extent allocation, 8-13

extents

not allocated to instance, 8-13

failover

basics of, 10-11

connect-time, 9-9

definition, 10-2

duration of, 10-11

host-based, 10-17

server-side, 10-16

transparent application failover, 9-9

Failover reconfiguration, xxxiv

failure

ALERT file, 8-2

primary and secondary instances, 12-7

primary instance, 12-2

secondary instance, 12-6

failure detection

by the Cluster Manager, 10-18

failure protection validation, 10-9

Fast Commits, 1-5

Fast-start Recovery, 10-7

Fast-start Rollback, 10-21

fault tolerance, 2-6

FDDI

as used in Real Application Clusters, 3-5

features, new, xxv

Fibre Channel

as used in Real Application Clusters, 3-6

Fibre Channel, definition, 3-6

file

ALERT, 8-2

archiving redo log, 1-5

exported, A-2

maximum number, A-3

redo log, 1-5, 8-4

size, B-4

file naming conventions, 8-3

five nines availability, 10-3

forced disk write, xxx

foreign node, 11-6

four-node hub configuration, 11-11

free list

and Export utility, A-3

exclusive mode, A-2

free list group, 8-6

free list groups

definition, 8-7

FREELISTS

parameter, 8-7

GC_DEFER_TIME parameter, xxxvi

GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS parameter, B-2

GC_RELEASABLE_LOCKS parameter, xxxvi

GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS parameter, xxxvi

GCS

features, 2-5

General Purpose configuration type, xxvii

GES

dictionary cache lock, 6-5

DML lock, 6-4

library cache lock, 6-5

mount locks, 6-6

table lock, 6-4

Global Cache Service, 5-1

described, 2-5

distributed architecture, 2-5

fault tolerant, 2-6

handling resource requests, 5-16

interacting with CM, 2-7

LMON, use of, 10-18

queues, 5-16

Global Cache Service (GCS), xxvi, 2-3

Global Cache Service Processes (LMSn), xxxi, 7-2

Global Enqueue Service, xxvi

Global Enqueue Service (GES), 2-3

Global Enqueue Service Daemon, 7-2

Global Enqueue Service Daemon (LMD), xxxi

Global Resource Directory, 2-5, 4-3

global resources, 4-2

Global Services Daemon, xxxiii

Global Services Daemon (GSD), xxvi

granted queue, 5-16, 5-17

Group Commits, 1-5

hardware

for cluster database processing, 3-1

requirements, 2-2

scalability, 9-7

Hardware and Network Scalability, 9-7

hashing

lock mastering scheme, 2-6

heartbeat monitor, 11-4, 11-10

high availability, 1-1, 1-3

and the Cluster Manager, 2-3

benefit of cluster databases, 1-4

configurations for, 10-22

definition, 1-4, 10-2

high water mark, 8-6, 8-13

home node, 11-6

host, lock, B-7

host-based failover, 10-17

hub configuration, 11-11

four-node, 11-11

Import utility

Compatibility, A-2

restoring data, A-2

initialization parameter files, 8-3

initsid.ora parameter, 10-22

Input/Output, 1-4

Instance, 10-19

instance, 1-2

instance membership recovery (IMR), 10-19

instance monitor, 11-4, 11-9

instance name, 9-9

instance recovery

rollback segments, 8-6

INSTANCE_ROLE parameter, xxxviii

instances, xxix

recovery, 10-20

thread number, 8-4

interconnect, 2-3, 3-2

and scalability, 9-7

as a cluster component, 3-2

definition, 3-4

high-speed, 4-2

latency, 3-7

redundancy of, 10-8

inter-node communication, 4-2

interprocess communication (IPC), 2-7, 3-4, 5-2

described, 7-6

interprocess communication (IPC), definition, 3-4

interrupt, acquisition, 5-16, 5-17

interrupt, blocking, 5-16

interrupts, 5-16

introduction

to Real Application Clusters, 1-1

I/O, xxv

disk contention, 1-4

interrupts, 9-10

minimizing, 1-4

IPC, 5-2

Lamport SCN generation, 7-6

latch, definition, 4-3

latches, 4-3, 6-5

latency, 3-4, 9-7, 9-8

of the interconnect, 3-7

LCK process, xxxi, 7-3

LCK process, simplified, xxxi

LCKn process, B-7

Levels of Scalability, 9-7

library cache locks, 6-5

library cache, warming, xxxiv

listener, 9-8

connect-time failover, 9-9

load balancing, xxxii

transparent application failover, 9-9

Listener Load Balancing, xxxii

listener monitor, 11-4, 11-10

listener.ora file, 9-9

LMD process, 7-3

LMON

and cluster reorganization, 10-18

LMON Process, 7-2

LMSn, xxxi, 7-2

load balancing

client load balancing, 9-10

local resources (under GCS), 4-1

Lock Database (obsolete term), xxvii

lock elements

correspondence to locks, B-6

Lock mastering (obsolete term), xxvii

lock setting

resource sharing, B-7

locks, 1-5, B-1, B-2

acquiring, 4-5

dictionary cache, 6-5

disowning, 4-5

DML, 4-4, 6-4

enqueue, 4-4

library cache, 6-5

mapping blocks to, B-4

mount locks, 6-6

periodicity, B-6

row, 4-4, 4-5

row cache, 6-2

row lock independence, 4-5

set of files, B-5

table, 4-4, 6-4

transaction, 4-4

transaction lock, 4-4

Massively Parallel Processing Systems, 3-7

Master Free List

defined, 8-6

master free list, 8-7

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY parameter, 7-6

mean time between failures (MTBF), 10-3

definition, 10-3

mean time to failure (MTTF), 10-8

mean time to recover (MTTR), 10-3

definition, 10-3

media failure

access to files, 8-2

Memory, 3-2

memory, 1-4

cache, 1-4

cached data, 1-4

memory-mapped IPCs

how used, 3-4

message

ALERT file, 8-2

lock setting, B-7

messages

access to files, 8-2

Microsoft's Cluster Server, xxix

migration

data migration, A-2

mode

archiving, 1-5

modes

resources compatibility, 5-10

mount locks, 6-6

MPP, 3-7

MSCS, xxix

MTTR, 10-7

definition, 10-3

multi-tiered application environments, 10-11

multiversion read consistency, 1-5

network performance

improving by randomizing client requests, 9-10

new features, xxv

New View Names, xxxvii

N-node

Real Application Clusters configuration, 10-22

NOARCHIVELOG mode

changing mode, A-3

offline backups, 1-6

node, xxv, 1-2

definition, 3-2

failure, 1-4

node monitoring, 2-4

node, definition, 1-2

nodes

hardware for, 3-1

high availability, 10-8

non-PCM (obsolete term), xxvii

non-uniform disk access, 3-7

non-uniform memory access

definition, 3-3

null (N) mode, 5-4

NUMA

definition, 3-3

number of nines

metric for measuring availability, 10-3

Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS), 9-10

offline backups, 1-5

OLTP, 1-1, 9-7

OLTP applications, 9-2

OMF feature, 8-3

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), xxvii

online archiving, 1-5

online backups, 1-5

online redo log files

thread of redo, 8-4

Online Transaction Processing, 1-1

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), 1-3

Operating System, 2-2

operating system

exported files, A-2

lock setting, B-7

scalability, 9-10

Operating System Scalability, 9-10

operating system-dependent (OSD) layer, 2-2

operating system-dependent (OSD) software, xxviii

operating system-dependent layer

IPC, 7-6

OPS_INTERCONNECTS parameter, xxxvi

OPSD, xxxiii

OPSM (obsolete term), xxvii

ops.sql script, xxxv

Oracle, xxxiii

backing up, 1-5

compatibility, A-3

data dictionary, 6-2

data file compatibility, 8-2

performance features, 1-4

Oracle Call Interface (OCI), 10-15

Oracle Cluster Setup Wizard, xxviii

Oracle Enterprise Manager, xxxii, 8-3, 11-3

Oracle Enterprise Manager console, xxxii

Oracle Intelligent Agent, xxxiii

Oracle Managed File feature, 8-3

Oracle Managed Files option, xxviii

Oracle Parallel Execution, 9-6

described, 9-6

Oracle Parallel Fail Safe (obsolete product), xxvi

Oracle Parallel Server Management (obsolete product), xxvii

Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard, xxvi, xxxiii

Oracle9i Data Guard, 10-2

Oracle9i interMedia, xxvii

Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Guard

components, 11-2

monitors, 11-4, 11-9

ORDBMS, 9-10

OSD, xxviii

Overview, 3-2

pack, xxxiii, 11-8

functions, 11-9

resources, 11-8, 11-9

pack, definition, 11-3

packs, xxxiii

parallel

listener load balancing, xxxii

Parallel Cache Management (obsolete term), xxvii

Parallel Execution

execution processing, 9-10

parallel mode

file operation restrictions, A-3

sequence restrictions, A-3

PARALLEL_SERVER parameter, xxxvi

PARALLEL_SERVER_INSTANCES parameter, xxxvi

parameter file (PFILE), 8-3

parameter file, server, 8-3

parameter settings, 8-3

partitioning data

data files, 8-2

free lists, 8-6

past image (PI), 5-1

past image (PI), definition, 5-3

PCM (obsolete term), xxvii

PCTFREE variable, 8-7

PCTUSED variable, 8-7

performance

and lock mastering, 2-6

Oracle features, 1-4

PFS configuration templates, 11-4

PFS monitors, 11-4, 11-9

PFS Setup utility, 11-4

PFSCTL, 11-3

ping, 1-5, B-2

planned downtime, 10-5

planning

capacity, 10-6

redundancy, 10-6

PL/SQL, 6-5

Preface, xvii, xxv

preferred primary node, 11-5

preferred secondary node, 11-5

primary instance, 10-22

primary instance role, 10-22, 11-5, 12-2

Primary/Secondary Configuration, 11-6

Primary/Secondary Instance

definition, 10-22

private rollback segments

acquisition, 8-5

process, 2-3

for Oracle Real Application Clusters, 7-2

process free lists

pinging of segment header, 8-8

queue, granted, 5-16, 5-17

Quiesce Database feature, xxxv

RAID, 10-10

randomizing requests among listeners, 9-10

raw partition, xxviii

Raw Partition Tablespace Size Requirements, xxxviii

read consistency

multiversion, 1-5

rollback information, 8-5

read-only access, 1-5

Real Application Clusters

applicable system types, 1-3

benefits, 1-3

definition, 1-2

Oracle Parallel Execution, 9-6

Real Application Clusters connect-time failover, 9-9

Real Application Clusters, renamed, xxvi

recovery

access to files, 8-2

cache, 10-21

media failure, 8-2

of instances, 10-20

rolling back, 8-6

Recovery Manager, xxxiv

Recovery Manager (RMAN), 11-8

redo log file

archiving, 1-5

overwriting, 1-5

redo log files, 1-2

thread of redo, 8-4

redundancy planning, 10-6

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), 10-8

re-mastering

resources, 10-20

remastering

during failover, 10-11

resilience, 11-12, 12-4

resource affinity, xxx, 2-6

Resource Coordination, 4-2

resource mastering, xxvii, xxxiii

resource mode, 5-4, 5-8

resource role, 5-5, 5-8

resources

database, 5-3

GES, 6-4

global, 4-2

mode, and buffer state, 5-8

re-mastering, 10-20

request, handling by Global Cache Service, 5-16

restoring nodes to original roles, 12-4

restrictions

file operations, A-3

ring configuration, 11-11

three-node, 11-13

two-node, 11-13

RMAN, xxxiv

rollback segments, 1-2, 8-5

description, 8-5

SYSTEM, 8-5

rolling back

rollback segments, 8-5

row locks, 4-5

row cache, 6-2

row level locking, 4-5

DML locks, 4-4

independent of GCS, 4-5

resource sharing system, 1-5

Row Locks, 4-4

Sample Schemas, xxvii

scalability, xix, xxv, 1-3, 9-7

application, 9-11

applications, 9-7, 9-9

database, 9-10

definition, 9-3

four levels of, 9-7

hardware, 9-7

network, 9-11

operating system, 9-10

potential, 9-2

shared memory system, 9-10

scale

partitions, 1-3

scale up, 4-2

scale up, definition, 9-3

SCN, 7-6

SCOTT default user name, xxx

SCSI

as used in Real Application Clusters, 3-6

secondary instance, 10-22, 12-2

secondary instance role, 11-5, 12-2

segments

header contention, 8-8

header, contention, 8-8

rollback segment, 8-5

self-tuning, 8-4

sequence

not cached, A-3

sequence number generator

restriction, A-3

server coordination locks

table lock, 6-4

Server Management (SRVM), xxvii

server parameter file, 8-3

server-side failover, 10-16

service name, 9-9

service registration, 9-9

setting, B-1, B-2

Setup Wizard, Oracle Cluster, xxviii

shared (S) mode, 5-4

shared cache, 4-2

shared current (SCUR), 5-8

shared disk system

advantages, 3-6

shared high availability node configuration, 10-29

shared memory access

advantages, disadvantages of, 3-4

shared memory system

scalability, 9-10

shared mode

data files, 8-2

shared nothing systems, 3-7

Shared Server

and Primary/Secondary Instance, 10-23

shared servers, xxxii

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL LOCAL command, xxxv, 10-13

SID, xxxii, 8-4

single node cluster databases, 6-5

single points-of-failure

avoiding with high availability, 10-3

SMON process, 7-3

SMP

scaling limitations of, 3-3

Software Only, xxvii

space

free blocks, 8-6, 8-13

free list, 8-6

speed up, 4-2

definition, 9-4

SQL statement

restrictions, A-3

SRVCTL utility, xxxi

startup, 2-3

after file operations, xxix

shared mode, xxix

verifying access to files, 8-2

Statistics charts, Oracle Enterprise Manager, xxxii, xxxiii

storage, 3-2

storage access in clustered systems, 3-5

structured query language (SQL), 6-5

switch archiving mode, A-3

symmetric multiprocessor, 9-10

Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP), 3-3, 10-6

synchronization, 4-2

SYS default user name, xxx

System Change Number (SCN), 1-2, 5-14

incrementation, 7-6

Lamport, 7-6

SYSTEM default user name, xxx

System Global Area (SGA), B-8

row cache, 6-2

system level planning

planning

system level, 10-6

system monitor (SMON), 6-4

SYSTEM rollback segment, 8-5

system-specific Oracle documentation

data files, maximum number, A-3

free list overhead, 8-7

table locks, 6-4

tables

initial storage, 8-13

lock, 4-4

locks, 6-4

tablespace, xxxii, 8-5

backups, 1-5

data files, xxix

Tablespace Size Requirements, Raw Partition, xxxviii

tablespace size requirements, raw partition, xxviii

takeover, 11-10

Terminology, Real Application Clusters, 1-2

The, 7-2

thread, 8-4

THREAD option

private thread creation, 8-4

public thread creation, 8-4

THREAD parameter

instance acquiring thread, 8-4

three nines availability, 10-3

three-node ring configuration, 11-13

TM, DML Enqueue, 6-4

TNS, xxxii

TRACE_ENABLED parameter, xxxv

transaction

committed data, 1-5

concurrent, 1-5

row locking, 1-5

updates, 1-5

transaction free list, 8-7

Transaction Processing configuration type, xxvii

transaction recovery, 10-21

transaction systems, 9-5

transactions, 8-5

concurrent, 5-3

inserts, 8-6

isolation, 4-5

locks, 6-3, 6-4

rolling back, 8-5

row locking, 4-5

updates, 8-6

transparency

definition, 1-4

Transparent Application Failover

definition, 10-11

uses of, 10-12

Transport Network Services (TNS), xxxii

tuning, self-, 8-4

two-node ring configuration, 11-13

TX, Transaction, 4-4

UMA, 3-3

definition, 3-3

uniform disk access, 3-5

uniform memory access

definition, 3-3

uniprocessor

definition, 3-2

unplanned downtime, 10-3

updates

concurrent, 1-5

instance lock, B-7

user process

free list, 8-6

user-mode interprocess communication

how used in Real Application Clusters, 3-4

utilities, Oracle

Export, Import, A-2

utlclustdblt.sql script, xxxv

utlopslt.sql script, xxxv

V$BH view, 5-8

V$GCSHVMASTER_INFO view, xxxvii

V$GCSPFMASTER_INFO view, xxxvii

V$HVMASTER_INFO view, xxxvii

V/GV$BSP view, xxxvii

V/GV$CACHE_TRANSFER view, xxxvii

V/GV$CLASS_CACHE_TRANSFER view, xxxvii

V/GV$CLASS_PING view, xxxvii

V/GV$CR_BLOCK_SERVER view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_ALL_LOCKS view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_CONVERT_LOCAL view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_CONVERT_REMOTE view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_LATCH view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_LOCKS view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_MISC view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_RESS view, xxxvii

V/GV$DLM_TRAFFIC_CONTROLLER view, xxxvii

V/GV$FILE_CACHE_TRANSFER view, xxxvii

V/GV$FILE_PING VIEW, xxxvii

V/GV$GC_ELEMENT view, xxxvii

V/GV$GC_ELEMENTS_WITH_COLLISIONS view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_BLOCKING_ENQUEUE view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_CONVERT_LOCAL view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_CONVERT_REMOTE view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_ENQUEUE view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_LATCH view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_RESOURCE view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_STATISTICS view, xxxvii

V/GV$GES_TRAFFIC_CONTROLLER view, xxxvii

V/GV$LOCK_ELEMENT view, xxxvii

V/GV$LOCKS_WITH_COLLISIONS view, xxxvii

V/GV$PING view, xxxvii

V/GV$TEMP_CACHE_TRANSFER view, xxxvii

V/GV$TEMP_PING view, xxxvii

view names, new, xxxvii

wake up call, 5-16

warming the library cache, xxxiv

workloads

and scale-up, 9-2

Write Protocol and Past Image Tracking, 5-5

Index

Numerics

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W