Chapter 19 Device Management (Overview/Tasks)

The chapter provides overview information about managing peripheral devices in the Solaris 2.x environment.

This is a list of overview information in this chapter.

• Table 19-1

• "About Device Drivers"

• "Automatic Configuration of Devices"

• "Adding a Peripheral Device to a System"

• "Displaying Device Configuration Information"

This is a list of step-by-step instructions in this chapter.

• "How to Add a Peripheral Device"

• "How to a Add a Device Driver"

• "How to Display System Configuration Information"

• "How to Display Device Information"

For information about accessing devices, see Chapter 20, Accessing Devices (Overview).

Device management in the Solaris 2.x environment usually includes adding and removing peripheral devices from systems, possibly adding a third-party device driver to support a device, and displaying system configuration information.

Table 19-1 describes where to find step-by-step procedures for adding serial devices, such as printers and modems, and peripheral devices, such as a disk, CD-ROM, or tape drive to your system.

About Device Drivers

A computer typically uses a wide range of peripheral and mass-storage devices. Your system, for example, probably has a SCSI disk drive, a keyboard and a mouse, and some kind of magnetic backup medium. Other commonly used devices include CD-ROM drives, printers and plotters, light pens, touch-sensitive screens, digitizers, and tablet-and-stylus pairs.

The Solaris software does not directly communicate with all these devices. Each type of device requires different data formats, protocols, and transmission rates.

A device driver is a low-level program that allows the operating system to communicate with a specific piece of hardware. The driver serves as the operating system's "interpreter" for that piece of hardware.

Automatic Configuration of Devices

The kernel, consisting of a small generic core with a platform-specific component and a set of modules, is configured automatically in the Solaris 2.x environment.

A kernel module is a hardware or software component that is used to perform a specific task on the system. An example of a loadable kernel module is a device driver that is loaded when the device is accessed.

The platform-independent kernel is /kernel/genunix. The platform-specific component is /platform/`uname -m`/kernel/unix.

The kernel modules are described in Table 19-2.

The system determines what devices are attached to it at boot time. Then the kernel configures itself dynamically, loading needed modules into memory. At this time, device drivers are loaded when devices, such as disk and tape devices, are accessed for the first time. This process is called autoconfiguration because all kernel modules are loaded automatically when needed.

You can customize the way in which kernel modules are loaded by modifying the /etc/system file. See Chapter 66, Tuning Kernel Parameters (Tasks) for instructions on modifying this file.

Features and Benefits

The benefits of autoconfiguration are:

• Main memory is used more efficiently because modules are loaded when needed.

• There is no need to reconfigure the kernel when new devices are added to the system.

• Drivers can be loaded and tested without having to rebuild the kernel and reboot the system.

The autoconfiguration process is used by a system administrator when adding a new device (and driver) to the system. At this time, the administrator performs a reconfiguration boot so the system will recognize the new device.

What You Need For Unsupported Devices

Device drivers needed to support a wide range of standard devices are included in the Solaris 2.x environment. These drivers can be found in the /kernel/drv and /platform/`uname -m`/kernel/drv directories.

However, if you've purchased an unsupported device, the manufacturer should provide the software needed for the device to be properly installed, maintained, and administered.

At a minimum, this software includes a device driver and its associated configuration (.conf) file. The .conf files reside in the drv directories. In addition, the device may be incompatible with Solaris 2.x utilities, and may require custom maintenance and administrative utilities.

Contact your device manufacturer for more information.

Adding a Peripheral Device to a System

Adding a new peripheral device usually involves:

• Shutting down the system

• Connecting the device to the system

• Rebooting the system

Use the procedure below to add the following devices to a system:

• CD-ROM

• Secondary disk drive

• Tape drive

• SBUS card

In some cases, you may have to add a third-party device driver to support the new device.

How to Add a Peripheral Device

1. Become superuser.

2. Follow steps 2 and 3 of "How to a Add a Device Driver" if you need to add a device driver to support the device.

3. Create the /reconfigure file.

   # touch /reconfigure

   The /reconfigure file will cause the Solaris software to check for the presence of any newly installed devices the next time you turn on or boot your system.

4. Shut down the system.

   # shutdown -i0 -g30 -y

   -i0	Brings the system to the 0 init state, which is the appropriate state for turning the system power off for adding and removing devices.
   -g30	Shuts the system down in 30 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.
   -y	Continues the system shutdown without user intervention; otherwise, you are prompted to continue the shutdown process.

5. Turn off power to the system after it is shut down.

   On SPARC Platforms ...	On Intel Platforms ...
   It is safe to turn off power if the ok or > prompt is displayed.	It is safe to turn off power if the type any key to continue prompt is displayed.

   Refer to the hardware installation guide that accompanies your system for the location of the power switch.

6. Turn off power to all external devices.

   For location of power switches on any peripheral devices, refer to the hardware installation guides that accompany your peripheral devices.

7. Install the peripheral device making sure the device you are adding has a different target number than the other devices on the system.

   You will often find a small switch located at the back of the disk for this purpose.

   Refer to the hardware installation guide that accompanies the peripheral device for information on installing and connecting the device.

8. Turn on the power to the system.

   The system will boot to multiuser mode and the login prompt will be displayed.

9. Verify that the peripheral device has been added by attempting to access the device. See Chapter 20, Accessing Devices (Overview), for information on accessing the device.

How to a Add a Device Driver

This procedure assumes that the device has already been added to the system. If not, see "How to Add a Peripheral Device".

1. Become superuser.

2. Place the tape, diskette, or CD-ROM into the drive.

3. Use the pkgadd command install the driver.

   # pkgadd -d device package-name

   -d device	Identifies the device pathname.
   package-name	Identifies the package name that contains the device driver.

4. Verify that the package has been added correctly by using the pkgchk command. The system prompt returns with no response if the package is installed correctly.

   # pkgchk packagename #

Example--Adding a Device Driver

The following example installs and verifies a package called XYZdrv.

# pkgadd XYZdrv
(licensing messages displayed)
.
.
.
Installing XYZ Company driver as <XYZdrv>
.
.
.
Installation of <XYZdrv> was successful.
# pkgchk XYZdrv

Displaying Device Configuration Information

Three commands are used to display system and device configuration information:

See "Device Naming Conventions" for information on the device names used to identify devices on the system.

driver not attached Message

The following driver-related message may be displayed by the prtconf and sysdef commands:

device, instance #number (driver not attached)

This message does not always mean that a driver is unavailable for this device. It means that no driver is currently attached to the device instance because there is no device at this node or the device is not in use. Drivers are loaded automatically when the device is accessed and unloaded when the device is not in use.

Identifying a System's Devices

Use the output of prtconf and sysdef commands to identify which disk, tape, and CD-ROM devices are connected to the system. The output of these commands display the driver not attached messages next to the device instances. Since these devices are always being monitored by some system process, the driver not attached message is usually a good indication that there is no device at that device instance.

For example, the following prtconf output identifies a device at instance #3 and instance #6, which is probably a disk device at target 3 and a CD-ROM device at target 6 of the first SCSI host adapter (esp, instance #0).

$ /usr/sbin/prtconf
.
.
.
 
esp, instance #0
            sd (driver not attached)
            st (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #0 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #1 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #2 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #3
            sd, instance #4 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #5 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #6
.
.
.

The same device information can be gleaned from the sysdef output.

How to Display System Configuration Information

Use the prtconf command to display system configuration information.

# /usr/sbin/prtconf

Use the sysdef command to display system configuration information including pseudo devices, loadable modules, and selected kernel parameters.

# /usr/sbin/sysdef

Examples--Displaying System Configuration Information

The following prtconf output is displayed on a SPARC system.

# prtconf
System Configuration:  Sun Microsystems  sun4c
Memory size: 32 Megabytes
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):
SUNW,Sun 4_50
    packages (driver not attached)
        disk-label (driver not attached)
        deblocker (driver not attached)
        obp-tftp (driver not attached)
    options, instance #0
    aliases (driver not attached)
    openprom (driver not attached)
    zs, instance #0
    zs, instance #1
    audio (driver not attached)
    eeprom (driver not attached)
    counter-timer (driver not attached)
    memory-error (driver not attached)
    interrupt-enable (driver not attached)
    auxiliary-io (driver not attached)
    sbus, instance #0
        dma, instance #0
        esp, instance #0
            sd (driver not attached)
            st (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #0 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #1 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #2 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #3
            sd, instance #4 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #5 (driver not attached)
            sd, instance #6
.
.
.

The following sysdef output is displayed from an x86 system.

# sysdef
*
* Hostid
*
  24b02304
*
* i86pc Configuration
*
*
* Devices
*
eisa, instance #0
	kd, instance #0
	eha, instance #0
		cmdk, instance #0
		cmdk, instance #1 (driver not attached)
		cmdk, instance #2 (driver not attached)
		cmdk, instance #3 (driver not attached)
		cmdk, instance #4 (driver not attached)
		cmdk, instance #5 (driver not attached)
		cmdk, instance #6
.
.
.

How to Display Device Information

Display device information with the dmesg command.

# /usr/sbin/dmesg

The dmesg output is displayed as messages on the system console and identifies which devices are connected to the system since the last reboot.

Examples--Displaying Device Information

The following dmesg output is displayed from a SPARC system.

# dmesg
Dec 12 16:22
SunOS Release 5.6 Version [UNIX(R) System V Release 4.0]
Copyright (c) 1983-1997, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
pac: enabled - SuperSPARC
cpu0: TI,TMS390Z50 (mid 8 impl 0x0 ver 0x3 clock 50 MHz)
mem = 32768K (0x2000000)
avail mem = 28016640
Ethernet address = 8:0:20:79:7a:e5
root nexus = SUNW,SPARCstation-20
iommu0 at root: obio 0xe0000000
sbus0 at iommu0: obio 0xe0001000
espdma0 at sbus0: SBus slot f 0x400000
esp0:	esp-options=0x46
esp0 at espdma0: SBus slot f 0x800000 sparc ipl 4
sd3 at esp0: target 3 lun 0
sd3 is /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
sd5 at esp0: target 5 lun 0
sd5 is /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@5,0
root on /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0:a fstype ufs
obio0 at root
zs0 at obio0: obio 0x100000 sparc ipl 12
zs0 is /obio/zs@0,100000
zs1 at obio0: obio 0x0 sparc ipl 12
zs1 is /obio/zs@0,0
cgsix0 at sbus0: SBus slot 2 0x0 SBus level 5 sparc ipl 9
cgsix0 is /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/cgsix@2,0
cgsix0: screen 1152x900, single buffered, 1M mappable, rev 11
cpu 0 initialization complete - online
ledma0 at sbus0: SBus slot f 0x400010
le0 at ledma0: SBus slot f 0xc00000 sparc ipl 6
le0 is /iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/ledma@f,400010/le@f,c00000
dump on /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s1 size 102804K
# 

The following dmesg output is displayed from an x86 system.

# dmesg
Nov 12 10:30
SunOS Release 5.6 Version [UNIX(R) System V Release 4.0]
Copyright (c) 1983-1997, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
mem = 15992K (0xf9e000)
avail mem = 12070912
root nexus = i86pc
eisa0 at root
EISA-device: dpt6
Disk0:	<Vendor `MAXTOR  ` Product `LXT-535S        `>
cmdk0 at dpt6 target 0 lun 0
cmdk0 is /eisa/dpt@5c88,0/cmdk@0,0
Disk6:	<Vendor `SONY    ` Product `CD-ROM CDU-8012 `>
cmdk6 at dpt6 target 6 lun 0
cmdk6 is /eisa/dpt@5c88,0/cmdk@6,0
EISA-device: asy0
asy0 is /eisa/asy@3f8,0
Ethernet address = 0:0:c0:68:14:5d
SMC WD8003/WD8013 driver: type=WD8013W   addr=00 00 c0 68 14 5d
EISA-device: smc0
smc0 is /eisa/smc@0,c0000
dump on /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 size 32756K
NOTICE: GIO_KEYMAP type 0
NOTICE: PIO_KEYMAP type 0
NOTICE: INSTALLING new map of type USL FORMAT
NOTICE: IN i8042_acquire
NOTICE: out i8042_acquire
NOTICE: rv was 1
NOTICE: IN i8042_release
NOTICE: about to enable keyboard
NOTICE: out i8042_release
Nov 30 17:19:31 sendmail[171]: network daemon starting