Table of Contents

• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Title and Copyright Information
• Preface
  • Audience
  • Documentation Accessibility
  • Related Documents
  • Conventions
• Changes in This Release for This Guide
  • Changes in Oracle Database Release 21c
  • Changes in Oracle Database Release 19c
    • Support Added for Schema-Private Semantic Networks
    • Feature Name Change: RDF Knowledge Graph
    • Support Added for Database Vault and Rolling Upgrades in 19.3
    • Reduced Default Privileges for MDSYS
    • Reduced Tablespace Privileges for MDSYS
    • RDF Semantic Graph support added for Eclipse RDF4J
  • Changes in Oracle Database Release 18.1
    • Support Added for Oracle Database In-Memory
    • Support Added for Semantic Networks with Composite Partitioning
    • Enhanced CLOB Support for Bulk Load Operations
    • Native Support for Turtle and Trig RDF Formats
    • Support for RDF Added to SQL Developer
• How to Use This Book
• Part I Conceptual and Usage Information
  • 1 RDF Graph Overview
    • 1.1 Introduction to Oracle Semantic Technologies Support
    • 1.2 Semantic Data Modeling
    • 1.3 Semantic Data in the Database
      • 1.3.1 Semantic Networks
        • 1.3.1.1 Schema-Private Semantic Networks
        • 1.3.1.2 Types of Semantic Network Users
        • 1.3.1.3 Naming Conventions for Semantic Network Objects
        • 1.3.1.4 RDF_PARAMETER Table in Semantic Networks
        • 1.3.1.5 Migrating from MDSYS to Schema-Private Semantic Networks
        • 1.3.1.6 Sharing Schema-Private Semantic Networks
        • 1.3.1.7 Migrating from Escaped to Unescaped Storage Form
      • 1.3.2 Semantic Models
      • 1.3.3 Statements
        • 1.3.3.1 Triple Uniqueness and Data Types for Literals
      • 1.3.4 Subjects and Objects
      • 1.3.5 Blank Nodes
      • 1.3.6 Properties
      • 1.3.7 Inferencing: Rules and Rulebases
      • 1.3.8 Entailments (Rules Indexes)
      • 1.3.9 Virtual Models
      • 1.3.10 Named Graphs
        • 1.3.10.1 Data Formats Related to Named Graph Support
      • 1.3.11 Semantic Data Security Considerations
      • 1.3.12 RDF Privilege Considerations
    • 1.4 Semantic Metadata Tables and Views
    • 1.5 Semantic Data Types, Constructors, and Methods
      • 1.5.1 Constructors for Inserting Triples
    • 1.6 Using the SEM_MATCH Table Function to Query Semantic Data
      • 1.6.1 Performing Queries with Incomplete or Invalid Entailments
      • 1.6.2 Graph Patterns: Support for Curly Brace Syntax, and OPTIONAL, FILTER, UNION, and GRAPH Keywords
        • 1.6.2.1 GRAPH Keyword Support
      • 1.6.3 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL ASK Syntax
      • 1.6.4 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL CONSTRUCT Syntax
        • 1.6.4.1 Typical SPARQL CONSTRUCT Workflow
      • 1.6.5 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL DESCRIBE Syntax
      • 1.6.6 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL SELECT Syntax
      • 1.6.7 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL 1.1 Constructs
        • 1.6.7.1 Expressions in the SELECT Clause
        • 1.6.7.2 Subqueries
        • 1.6.7.3 Grouping and Aggregation
        • 1.6.7.4 Negation
        • 1.6.7.5 Value Assignment
        • 1.6.7.6 Property Paths
      • 1.6.8 Graph Patterns: Support for SPARQL 1.1 Federated Query
        • 1.6.8.1 Privileges Required to Execute Federated SPARQL Queries
        • 1.6.8.2 SPARQL SERVICE Join Push Down
        • 1.6.8.3 SPARQL SERVICE SILENT
        • 1.6.8.4 Using a Proxy Server with SPARQL SERVICE
        • 1.6.8.5 Accessing SPARQL Endpoints with HTTP Basic Authentication
      • 1.6.9 Inline Query Optimizer Hints
      • 1.6.10 Full-Text Search
      • 1.6.11 Spatial Support
        • 1.6.11.1 OGC GeoSPARQL Support
        • 1.6.11.2 Representing Spatial Data in RDF
        • 1.6.11.3 Validating Geometries
        • 1.6.11.4 Indexing Spatial Data
        • 1.6.11.5 Querying Spatial Data
        • 1.6.11.6 Using Long Literals with GeoSPARQL Queries
      • 1.6.12 Flashback Query Support
      • 1.6.13 Speeding up Query Execution with SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.1 Single-Valued Property Tables
        • 1.6.13.2 Multi-Valued Property Tables
        • 1.6.13.3 Property Chain Tables
        • 1.6.13.4 Creating SPM Tables
        • 1.6.13.5 Including Lexical Values in SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.6 Creating Secondary Indexes on SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.7 Performing DML Operations on Models with SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.8 Performing Bulk Load Operations on Models with SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.9 Gathering Statistics on SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.10 SPARQL Query Options for SPM Auxiliary Tables
        • 1.6.13.11 Special Considerations when Using SPM Auxiliary Tables
      • 1.6.14 Best Practices for Query Performance
        • 1.6.14.1 FILTER Constructs Involving xsd:dateTime, xsd:date, and xsd:time
        • 1.6.14.2 Indexes for FILTER Constructs Involving Typed Literals
        • 1.6.14.3 FILTER Constructs Involving Relational Expressions
        • 1.6.14.4 Optimizer Statistics and Dynamic Sampling
        • 1.6.14.5 Multi-Partition Queries
        • 1.6.14.6 Compression on Systems with OLTP Index Compression
        • 1.6.14.7 Unbounded Property Path Expressions
        • 1.6.14.8 Nested Loop Pushdown for Property Paths
        • 1.6.14.9 Grouping and Aggregation
        • 1.6.14.10 Use of Bind Variables to Reduce Compilation Time
        • 1.6.14.11 Non-Null Expression Hints
        • 1.6.14.12 Automatic JOIN Hints
        • 1.6.14.13 Semantic Network Indexes
        • 1.6.14.14 Using RDF with Oracle Database In-Memory
        • 1.6.14.15 Using Language Tags in FILTER Expressions
        • 1.6.14.16 Type Casting for More Efficient FILTER Evaluation
        • 1.6.14.17 Spatial Indexing for GeoSPARQL Queries
      • 1.6.15 Special Considerations When Using SEM_MATCH
    • 1.7 Using the SEM_APIS.SPARQL_TO_SQL Function to Query Semantic Data
      • 1.7.1 Using Bind Variables with SEM_APIS.SPARQL_TO_SQL
      • 1.7.2 SEM_MATCH and SEM_APIS.SPARQL_TO_SQL Compared
    • 1.8 Loading and Exporting Semantic Data
      • 1.8.1 Bulk Loading Semantic Data Using a Staging Table
        • 1.8.1.1 Loading the Staging Table
          • 1.8.1.1.1 Loading N-Triple Format Data into a Staging Table Using SQL*Loader
          • 1.8.1.1.2 Loading N-Quad Format Data into a Staging Table Using an External Table
        • 1.8.1.2 Recording Event Traces During Bulk Loading
      • 1.8.2 Loading Semantic Data Using INSERT Statements
        • 1.8.2.1 Loading Data into Named Graphs Using INSERT Statements
      • 1.8.3 Exporting Semantic Data
        • 1.8.3.1 Retrieving Semantic Data from an Application Table
        • 1.8.3.2 Retrieving Semantic Data from an RDF Model
        • 1.8.3.3 Removing Model and Graph Information from Retrieved Blank Node Identifiers
      • 1.8.4 Exporting or Importing a Semantic Network Using Oracle Data Pump
      • 1.8.5 Moving, Restoring, and Appending a Semantic Network
      • 1.8.6 Purging Unused Values
    • 1.9 Using Semantic Network Indexes
      • 1.9.1 SEM_NETWORK_INDEX_INFO View
    • 1.10 Using Data Type Indexes
    • 1.11 Managing Statistics for Semantic Models and the Semantic Network
      • 1.11.1 Saving Statistics at a Model Level
      • 1.11.2 Restoring Statistics at a Model Level
      • 1.11.3 Saving Statistics at the Network Level
      • 1.11.4 Dropping Extended Statistics at the Network Level
      • 1.11.5 Restoring Statistics at the Network Level
      • 1.11.6 Setting Statistics at a Model Level
      • 1.11.7 Deleting Statistics at a Model Level
    • 1.12 Support for SPARQL Update Operations on a Semantic Model
      • 1.12.1 Tuning the Performance of SPARQL Update Operations
      • 1.12.2 Transaction Management with SPARQL Update Operations
        • 1.12.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels
      • 1.12.3 Support for Bulk Operations
        • 1.12.3.1 Materialization of Intermediate Data (STREAMING=F)
        • 1.12.3.2 Using SEM_APIS.BULK_LOAD_FROM_STAGING_TABLE
        • 1.12.3.3 Using Delete as Insert (DEL_AS_INS=T)
      • 1.12.4 Setting UPDATE_MODEL Options at the Session Level
      • 1.12.5 Load Operations: Special Considerations for SPARQL Update
      • 1.12.6 Long Literals: Special Considerations for SPARQL Update
      • 1.12.7 Blank Nodes: Special Considerations for SPARQL Update
    • 1.13 RDF Support for Oracle Database In-Memory
      • 1.13.1 Enabling Oracle Database In-Memory for RDF
      • 1.13.2 Using In-Memory Virtual Columns with RDF
      • 1.13.3 Using Invisible Indexes with Oracle Database In-Memory
    • 1.14 RDF Support for Materialized Join Views
    • 1.15 RDF Support in Oracle SQL Developer
    • 1.16 Enhanced RDF ORDER BY Query Processing
    • 1.17 Applying Oracle Machine Learning Algorithms to RDF Data
    • 1.18 Semantic Data Examples (PL/SQL and Java)
      • 1.18.1 Example: Journal Article Information
      • 1.18.2 Example: Family Information
    • 1.19 Software Naming Changes Since Release 11.1
    • 1.20 For More Information About RDF Semantic Graph
    • 1.21 Required Migration of Pre-12.2 Semantic Data
    • 1.22 Oracle RDF Graph Features that Support Accessibility
  • 2 Quick Start for Using Semantic Data
    • 2.1 Getting Started with Semantic Data in a Schema-Private Network
    • 2.2 Getting Started with Semantic Data in an MDSYS-Owned Network
    • 2.3 Quick Start for Using RDF Semantic Data in Oracle Autonomous Database
      • 2.3.1 Getting Started with Semantic Data in Oracle Autonomous Database
      • 2.3.2 Deploying RDF Graph Server and Query UI from Oracle Cloud Marketplace
      • 2.3.3 Getting Started with RDF Graphs in Graph Studio
  • 3 OWL Concepts
    • 3.1 Ontologies
      • 3.1.1 Example: Disease Ontology
      • 3.1.2 Supported OWL Subsets
    • 3.2 Using OWL Inferencing
      • 3.2.1 Creating a Simple OWL Ontology
      • 3.2.2 Performing Native OWL inferencing
      • 3.2.3 Performing OWL and User-Defined Rules Inferencing
      • 3.2.4 Generating OWL inferencing Proofs
      • 3.2.5 Validating OWL Models and Entailments
      • 3.2.6 Using SEM_APIS.CREATE_ENTAILMENT for RDFS Inference
      • 3.2.7 Enhancing Inference Performance
      • 3.2.8 Optimizing owl:sameAs Inference
        • 3.2.8.1 Querying owl:sameAs Consolidated Inference Graphs
      • 3.2.9 Performing Incremental Inference
      • 3.2.10 Using Parallel Inference
      • 3.2.11 Using Named Graph Based Inferencing (Global and Local)
        • 3.2.11.1 Named Graph Based Global Inference (NGGI)
        • 3.2.11.2 Named Graph Based Local Inference (NGLI)
        • 3.2.11.3 Using NGGI and NGLI Together
      • 3.2.12 Performing Selective Inferencing (Advanced Information)
    • 3.3 Using Semantic Operators to Query Relational Data
      • 3.3.1 Using the SEM_RELATED Operator
      • 3.3.2 Using the SEM_DISTANCE Ancillary Operator
        • 3.3.2.1 Computation of Distance Information
      • 3.3.3 Creating a Semantic Index of Type MDSYS.SEM_INDEXTYPE
      • 3.3.4 Using SEM_RELATED and SEM_DISTANCE When the Indexed Column Is Not the First Parameter
      • 3.3.5 Using URIPREFIX When Values Are Not Stored as URIs
  • 4 Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) Support
    • 4.1 Supported and Unsupported SKOS Semantics
      • 4.1.1 Supported SKOS Semantics
      • 4.1.2 Unsupported SKOS Semantics
    • 4.2 Performing Inference on SKOS Models
      • 4.2.1 Validating SKOS Models and Entailments
      • 4.2.2 Property Chain Handling
  • 5 Semantic Indexing for Documents
    • 5.1 Information Extractors for Semantically Indexing Documents
    • 5.2 Extractor Policies
    • 5.3 Semantically Indexing Documents
    • 5.4 SEM_CONTAINS and Ancillary Operators
      • 5.4.1 SEM_CONTAINS_SELECT Ancillary Operator
      • 5.4.2 SEM_CONTAINS_COUNT Ancillary Operator
    • 5.5 Searching for Documents Using SPARQL Query Patterns
    • 5.6 Bindings for SPARQL Variables in Matching Subgraphs in a Document (SEM_CONTAINS_SELECT Ancillary Operator)
    • 5.7 Improving the Quality of Document Search Operations
    • 5.8 Indexing External Documents
    • 5.9 Configuring the Calais Extractor type
    • 5.10 Working with General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)
    • 5.11 Creating a New Extractor Type
    • 5.12 Creating a Local Semantic Index on a Range-Partitioned Table
    • 5.13 Altering a Semantic Index
      • 5.13.1 Rebuilding Content for All Existing Policies in a Semantic Index
      • 5.13.2 Rebuilding to Add Content for a New Policy to a Semantic Index
      • 5.13.3 Rebuilding Content for an Existing Policy from a Semantic Index
      • 5.13.4 Rebuilding to Drop Content for an Existing Policy from a Semantic Index
    • 5.14 Passing Extractor-Specific Parameters in CREATE INDEX and ALTER INDEX
    • 5.15 Performing Document-Centric Inference
    • 5.16 Metadata Views for Semantic Indexing
      • 5.16.1 MDSYS.RDFCTX_POLICIES View
      • 5.16.2 RDFCTX_INDEX_POLICIES View
      • 5.16.3 RDFCTX_INDEX_EXCEPTIONS View
    • 5.17 Default Style Sheet for GATE Extractor Output
  • 6 Fine-Grained Access Control for RDF Data
    • 6.1 Triple-Level Security
      • 6.1.1 Fine-Grained Security for Inferred Data and Ladder-Based Inference (LBI)
      • 6.1.2 Extended Example: Applying OLS Triple-Level Security on Semantic Data
  • 7 RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena
    • 7.1 Setting Up the Software Environment
      • 7.1.1 If You Used a Previous Version of the Support for Apache Jena
    • 7.2 Setting Up the SPARQL Service
      • 7.2.1 Client Identifiers
      • 7.2.2 Using OLTP Compression for Application Tables and Staging Tables
      • 7.2.3 N-Triples Encoding for Non-ASCII Characters
    • 7.3 Setting Up the RDF Semantic Graph Environment
    • 7.4 SEM_MATCH and RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena Queries Compared
    • 7.5 Retrieving User-Friendly Java Objects from SEM_MATCH or SQL-Based Query Results
    • 7.6 Optimized Handling of SPARQL Queries
      • 7.6.1 Compilation of SPARQL Queries to a Single SEM_MATCH Call
      • 7.6.2 Optimized Handling of Property Paths
    • 7.7 Additions to the SPARQL Syntax to Support Other Features
      • 7.7.1 SQL Hints
      • 7.7.2 Using Bind Variables in SPARQL Queries
      • 7.7.3 Additional WHERE Clause Predicates
      • 7.7.4 Additional Query Options
        • 7.7.4.1 JOIN Option and Federated Queries
        • 7.7.4.2 S2S Option Benefits and Usage Information
      • 7.7.5 Midtier Resource Caching
    • 7.8 Functions Supported in SPARQL Queries through RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena
      • 7.8.1 Functions in the ARQ Function Library
      • 7.8.2 Native Oracle Database Functions for Projected Variables
      • 7.8.3 User-Defined Functions
    • 7.9 SPARQL Update Support
    • 7.10 Analytical Functions for RDF Data
      • 7.10.1 Generating Contextual Information about a Path in a Graph
    • 7.11 Support for Server-Side APIs
      • 7.11.1 Virtual Models Support
      • 7.11.2 Connection Pooling Support
      • 7.11.3 Semantic Model PL/SQL Interfaces
      • 7.11.4 Inference Options
      • 7.11.5 PelletInfGraph Class Support Deprecated
    • 7.12 Bulk Loading Using RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena
      • 7.12.1 Using prepareBulk in Parallel (Multithreaded) Mode
      • 7.12.2 Handling Illegal Syntax During Data Loading
    • 7.13 Automatic Variable Renaming
    • 7.14 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Format Support
    • 7.15 Other Recommendations and Guidelines
      • 7.15.1 BOUND or !BOUND Instead of EXISTS or NOT EXISTS
      • 7.15.2 SPARQL 1.1 SELECT Expressions
      • 7.15.3 Syntax Involving Bnodes (Blank Nodes)
      • 7.15.4 Limit in the SERVICE Clause
      • 7.15.5 OracleGraphWrapperForOntModel Class for Better Performance
    • 7.16 Example Queries Using RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena
      • 7.16.1 Test.java: Query Family Relationships
      • 7.16.2 Test6.java: Load OWL Ontology and Perform OWLPrime inference
      • 7.16.3 Test7.java: Bulk Load OWL Ontology and Perform OWLPrime inference
      • 7.16.4 Test8.java: SPARQL OPTIONAL Query
      • 7.16.5 Test9.java: SPARQL Query with LIMIT and OFFSET
      • 7.16.6 Test10.java: SPARQL Query with TIMEOUT and DOP
      • 7.16.7 Test11.java: Query Involving Named Graphs
      • 7.16.8 Test12.java: SPARQL ASK Query
      • 7.16.9 Test13.java: SPARQL DESCRIBE Query
      • 7.16.10 Test14.java: SPARQL CONSTRUCT Query
      • 7.16.11 Test15.java: Query Multiple Models and Specify "Allow Duplicates"
      • 7.16.12 Test16.java: SPARQL Update
      • 7.16.13 Test17.java: SPARQL Query with ARQ Built-In Functions
      • 7.16.14 Test18.java: SELECT Cast Query
      • 7.16.15 Test19.java: Instantiate Oracle Database Using OracleConnection
      • 7.16.16 Test20.java: Oracle Database Connection Pooling
    • 7.17 SPARQL Gateway and Semantic Data
      • 7.17.1 SPARQL Gateway Features and Benefits Overview
      • 7.17.2 Installing and Configuring SPARQL Gateway
        • 7.17.2.1 Download the RDF Semantic Graph Support for Apache Jena .zip File (if Not Already Done)
        • 7.17.2.2 Deploy SPARQL Gateway in WebLogic Server
        • 7.17.2.3 Modify Proxy Settings, if Necessary
        • 7.17.2.4 Configure the OracleSGDS Data Source, if Necessary
        • 7.17.2.5 Add and Configure the SparqlGatewayAdminGroup Group, if Desired
      • 7.17.3 Using SPARQL Gateway with Semantic Data
        • 7.17.3.1 Storing SPARQL Queries and XSL Transformations
        • 7.17.3.2 Specifying a Timeout Value
        • 7.17.3.3 Specifying Best Effort Query Execution
        • 7.17.3.4 Specifying a Content Type Other Than text/xml
      • 7.17.4 Customizing the Default XSLT File
      • 7.17.5 Using the SPARQL Gateway Java API
      • 7.17.6 Using the SPARQL Gateway Graphical Web Interface
        • 7.17.6.1 Main Page (index.html)
        • 7.17.6.2 Navigation and Browsing Page (browse.jsp)
        • 7.17.6.3 XSLT Management Page (xslt.jsp)
        • 7.17.6.4 SPARQL Management Page (sparql.jsp)
      • 7.17.7 Using SPARQL Gateway as an XML Data Source to OBIEE
    • 7.18 Deploying Fuseki in Apache Tomcat
    • 7.19 ORARDFLDR Utility for Bulk Loading RDF Data
      • 7.19.1 Using ORARDFLDR with Oracle Autonomous Database
  • 8 RDF Semantic Graph Support for Eclipse RDF4J
    • 8.1 Oracle RDF Graph Support for Eclipse RDF4J Overview
    • 8.2 Prerequisites for Using Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
    • 8.3 Setup and Configuration for Using Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
      • 8.3.1 Setting up Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J for Use with Java
      • 8.3.2 Setting Up Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J for Use in RDF4J Server and Workbench
        • 8.3.2.1 Using the Adapter for Eclipse RFD4J Through RDF4J Workbench
      • 8.3.3 Setting Up Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J for Use As SPARQL Service
        • 8.3.3.1 Using the Adapter Over SPARQL Endpoint in Eclipse RDF4J Workbench
    • 8.4 Database Connection Management
    • 8.5 SPARQL Query Execution Model
      • 8.5.1 Using BIND Values
      • 8.5.2 Using JDBC BIND Values
        • 8.5.2.1 Limitations for JDBC Bind Value Support
      • 8.5.3 Additions to the SPARQL Query Syntax to Support Other Features
        • 8.5.3.1 Query Execution Options
        • 8.5.3.2 SPARQL_TO_SQL (SEM_MATCH) Options
      • 8.5.4 Special Considerations for SPARQL Query Support
    • 8.6 SPARQL Update Execution Model
      • 8.6.1 Transaction Management for SPARQL Update
      • 8.6.2 Additions to the SPARQL Syntax to Support Other Features
        • 8.6.2.1 UPDATE_MODEL Options
        • 8.6.2.2 UPDATE_MODEL Match Options
      • 8.6.3 Special Considerations for SPARQL Update Support
    • 8.7 Efficiently Loading RDF Data
    • 8.8 Best Practices for Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
    • 8.9 Blank Nodes Support in Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
    • 8.10 Unsupported Features in Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
    • 8.11 Example Queries Using Oracle RDF Graph Adapter for Eclipse RDF4J
      • 8.11.1 Example 1: Basic Operations
      • 8.11.2 Example 2: Add a Data File in TRIG Format
      • 8.11.3 Example 3: Simple Query
      • 8.11.4 Example 4: Simple Bulk Load
      • 8.11.5 Example 5: Bulk Load RDF/XML
      • 8.11.6 Example 6: SPARQL Ask Query
      • 8.11.7 Example 7: SPARQL CONSTRUCT Query
      • 8.11.8 Example 8: Named Graph Query
      • 8.11.9 Example 9: Get COUNT of Matches
      • 8.11.10 Example 10: Specify Bind Variable for Constant in Query Pattern
      • 8.11.11 Example 11: SPARQL Update
      • 8.11.12 Example 12: Oracle Hint
      • 8.11.13 Example 13: Using JDBC Bind Values
      • 8.11.14 Example 14: Simple Inference
      • 8.11.15 Example 15: Simple Virtual Model
  • 9 User-Defined Inferencing and Querying
    • 9.1 User-Defined Inferencing
      • 9.1.1 Problem Solved and Benefit Provided by User-Defined Inferencing
      • 9.1.2 API Support for User-Defined Inferencing
        • 9.1.2.1 User-Defined Inference Function Requirements
      • 9.1.3 User-Defined Inference Extension Function Examples
        • 9.1.3.1 Example 1: Adding Static Triples
        • 9.1.3.2 Example 2: Adding Dynamic Triples
        • 9.1.3.3 Example 3: Optimizing Performance
        • 9.1.3.4 Example 4: Temporal Reasoning (Several Related Examples)
          • 9.1.3.4.1 Example 4a: Duration Rule
          • 9.1.3.4.2 Example 4b: Overlap Rule
          • 9.1.3.4.3 Example 4c: Duration and Overlap Rules
        • 9.1.3.5 Example 5: Spatial Reasoning
        • 9.1.3.6 Example 6: Calling a Web Service
    • 9.2 User-Defined Functions and Aggregates
      • 9.2.1 Data Types for User-Defined Functions and Aggregates
      • 9.2.2 API Support for User-Defined Functions
        • 9.2.2.1 PL/SQL Function Implementation
        • 9.2.2.2 Invoking User-Defined Functions from a SPARQL Query Pattern
        • 9.2.2.3 User-Defined Function Examples
      • 9.2.3 API Support for User-Defined Aggregates
        • 9.2.3.1 ODCIAggregate Interface
        • 9.2.3.2 Invoking User-Defined Aggregates
        • 9.2.3.3 User-Defined Aggregate Examples
  • 10 RDF Views: Relational Data as RDF
    • 10.1 Why Use RDF Views on Relational Data?
    • 10.2 API Support for RDF Views
      • 10.2.1 Creating an RDF View Model with Direct Mapping
      • 10.2.2 Creating an RDF View Model with R2RML Mapping
      • 10.2.3 Dropping an RDF View Model
      • 10.2.4 Exporting Virtual Content of an RDF View Model into a Staging Table
    • 10.3 Example: Using an RDF View Model with Direct Mapping
    • 10.4 Combining Native RDF Data with Virtual RDB2RDF Data
      • 10.4.1 Nested Loop Pushdown with Overloaded Service
  • 11 RDF Integration with Property Graph Data Stored in Oracle Database
    • 11.1 About RDF Integration with Property Graph Data
    • 11.2 R2RML Mapping for the Property Graph Relational Schema
    • 11.3 PL/SQL API for Creating and Maintaining Property Graph RDF Views
    • 11.4 Sample RDF Workflow with Property Graph Data
    • 11.5 Special Considerations When Using Property Graph RDF Views
• Part II RDF Graph Server and Query UI
  • 12 Introduction to RDF Graph Server and Query UI
  • 13 RDF Graph Server and Query UI Concepts
    • 13.1 Data Sources
      • 13.1.1 Oracle Data Sources
      • 13.1.2 Endpoint URL Data Sources
    • 13.2 RDF Datasets
    • 13.3 REST Services
  • 14 Oracle RDF Graph Query UI
    • 14.1 Installing RDF Graph Query UI
    • 14.2 Managing User Roles for RDF Graph Query UI
      • 14.2.1 Managing Groups and Users in WebLogic Server
        • 14.2.1.1 Creating User Groups in WebLogic Server
        • 14.2.1.2 Creating RDF and Guest Users in WebLogic Server
      • 14.2.2 Managing Users and Roles in Tomcat Server
    • 14.3 Getting Started with RDF Graph Query UI
      • 14.3.1 Data Sources Page
        • 14.3.1.1 Creating a JDBC URL Data Source
        • 14.3.1.2 Creating an Oracle Container Data Source
          • 14.3.1.2.1 Creating a JDBC Data Source in WebLogic Server
          • 14.3.1.2.2 Creating a JDBC Data Source in Tomcat
        • 14.3.1.3 Creating an Oracle Wallet Data Source
          • 14.3.1.3.1 Storing User Credentials in a Wallet
        • 14.3.1.4 Creating an Endpoint URL Data Source
      • 14.3.2 RDF Data Page
        • 14.3.2.1 Data Source Selection
        • 14.3.2.2 Semantic Network Actions
        • 14.3.2.3 Importing Data
        • 14.3.2.4 SPARQL Query Cache Manager
        • 14.3.2.5 RDF Objects Navigator
        • 14.3.2.6 Data Source Published Datasets Navigator
        • 14.3.2.7 Performing SPARQL Query and SPARQL Update Operations
        • 14.3.2.8 Publishing Oracle RDF Models
        • 14.3.2.9 Published Dataset Playground
        • 14.3.2.10 Support for Auxiliary Tables
          • 14.3.2.10.1 Creating Auxiliary Tables
          • 14.3.2.10.2 Managing Auxiliary Tables
        • 14.3.2.11 Advanced Graph View
          • 14.3.2.11.1 Query Selector Panel
          • 14.3.2.11.2 Graph View
        • 14.3.2.12 Database Views from RDF Models
          • 14.3.2.12.1 Creating a Graph View
          • 14.3.2.12.2 Creating a Vertex View
          • 14.3.2.12.3 Creating an Edge View
      • 14.3.3 Configuration Files for RDF Server and Client
        • 14.3.3.1 Data Sources JSON Configuration File
        • 14.3.3.2 General JSON configuration file
        • 14.3.3.3 Proxy JSON Configuration File
        • 14.3.3.4 Logging JSON Configuration File
    • 14.4 Accessibility
• Part III Reference Information
  • 15 SEM_APIS Package Subprograms
    • 15.1 SEM_APIS.ADD_DATATYPE_INDEX
    • 15.2 SEM_APIS.ADD_SEM_INDEX
    • 15.3 SEM_APIS.ALTER_DATATYPE_INDEX
    • 15.4 SEM_APIS.ALTER_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.5 SEM_APIS.ALTER_MODEL
    • 15.6 SEM_APIS.ALTER_SEM_INDEX_ON_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.7 SEM_APIS.ALTER_SEM_INDEX_ON_MODEL
    • 15.8 SEM_APIS.ALTER_SEM_INDEXES
    • 15.9 SEM_APIS.ALTER_SPM_TAB
    • 15.10 SEM_APIS.ANALYZE_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.11 SEM_APIS.ANALYZE_MODEL
    • 15.12 SEM_APIS.APPEND_SEM_NETWORK_DATA
    • 15.13 SEM_APIS.BUILD_PG_RDFVIEW_INDEXES
    • 15.14 SEM_APIS.BUILD_SPM_TAB
    • 15.15 SEM_APIS.BULK_LOAD_FROM_STAGING_TABLE
    • 15.16 SEM_APIS.CLEANUP_BNODES
    • 15.17 SEM_APIS.CLEANUP_FAILED
    • 15.18 SEM_APIS.COMPOSE_RDF_TERM
    • 15.19 SEM_APIS.CONVERT_TO_GML311_LITERAL
    • 15.20 SEM_APIS.CONVERT_TO_WKT_LITERAL
    • 15.21 SEM_APIS.CREATE_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.22 SEM_APIS.CREATE_INDEX_ON_SPM_TAB
    • 15.23 SEM_APIS.CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW
    • 15.24 SEM_APIS.SEM_APIS.CREATE_MV_BITMAP_INDEX
    • 15.25 SEM_APIS.CREATE_PG_RDFVIEW
    • 15.26 SEM_APIS.CREATE_RDFVIEW_MODEL
    • 15.27 SEM_APIS.CREATE_RULEBASE
    • 15.28 SEM_APIS.CREATE_SEM_MODEL
    • 15.29 SEM_APIS.CREATE_SEM_NETWORK
    • 15.30 SEM_APIS.CREATE_SOURCE_EXTERNAL_TABLE
    • 15.31 SEM_APIS.CREATE_SPARQL_UPDATE_TABLES
    • 15.32 SEM_APIS.CREATE_VIRTUAL_MODEL
    • 15.33 SEM_APIS.DELETE_ENTAILMENT_STATS
    • 15.34 SEM_APIS.DELETE_MODEL_STATS
    • 15.35 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_CHANGE_TRACKING
    • 15.36 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_INC_INFERENCE
    • 15.37 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_INMEMORY
    • 15.38 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_INMEMORY_FOR_ENT
    • 15.39 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_INMEMORY_FOR_MODEL
    • 15.40 SEM_APIS.DISABLE_NETWORK_SHARING
    • 15.41 SEM_APIS.DROP_DATATYPE_INDEX
    • 15.42 SEM_APIS.DROP_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.43 SEM_APIS.SEM_APIS.DROP_MATERIALIZED_VIEW
    • 15.44 SEM_APIS.SEM_APIS.DROP_MV_BITMAP_INDEX
    • 15.45 SEM_APIS.DROP_PG_RDFVIEW
    • 15.46 SEM_APIS.DROP_PG_RDFVIEW_INDEXES
    • 15.47 SEM_APIS.DROP_RDFVIEW_MODEL
    • 15.48 SEM_APIS.DROP_RULEBASE
    • 15.49 SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_INDEX
    • 15.50 SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_MODEL
    • 15.51 SEM_APIS.DROP_SEM_NETWORK
    • 15.52 SEM_APIS.DROP_SPARQL_UPDATE_TABLES
    • 15.53 SEM_APIS.DROP_SPM_TAB
    • 15.54 SEM_APIS.DROP_USER_INFERENCE_OBJS
    • 15.55 SEM_APIS.DROP_VIRTUAL_MODEL
    • 15.56 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_CHANGE_TRACKING
    • 15.57 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_INC_INFERENCE
    • 15.58 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_INMEMORY
    • 15.59 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_INMEMORY_FOR_ENT
    • 15.60 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_INMEMORY_FOR_MODEL
    • 15.61 SEM_APIS.ENABLE_NETWORK_SHARING
    • 15.62 SEM_APIS.ESCAPE_CLOB_TERM
    • 15.63 SEM_APIS.ESCAPE_CLOB_VALUE
    • 15.64 SEM_APIS.ESCAPE_RDF_TERM
    • 15.65 SEM_APIS.ESCAPE_RDF_VALUE
    • 15.66 SEM_APIS.EXPORT_ENTAILMENT_STATS
    • 15.67 SEM_APIS.EXPORT_MODEL_STATS
    • 15.68 SEM_APIS.EXPORT_RDFVIEW_MODEL
    • 15.69 SEM_APIS.GATHER_SPM_INFO
    • 15.70 SEM_APIS.GET_CHANGE_TRACKING_INFO
    • 15.71 SEM_APIS.GET_INC_INF_INFO
    • 15.72 SEM_APIS.GET_MODEL_ID
    • 15.73 SEM_APIS.GET_MODEL_NAME
    • 15.74 SEM_APIS.GET_TRIPLE_ID
    • 15.75 SEM_APIS.GETV$DATETIMETZVAL
    • 15.76 SEM_APIS.GETV$DATETZVAL
    • 15.77 SEM_APIS.GETV$GEOMETRYVAL
    • 15.78 SEM_APIS.GETV$NUMERICVAL
    • 15.79 SEM_APIS.GETV$STRINGVAL
    • 15.80 SEM_APIS.GETV$TIMETZVAL
    • 15.81 SEM_APIS.GRANT_MODEL_ACCESS_PRIV
    • 15.82 SEM_APIS.GRANT_MODEL_ACCESS_PRIVS
    • 15.83 SEM_APIS.GRANT_NETWORK_ACCESS_PRIVS
    • 15.84 SEM_APIS.GRANT_NETWORK_SHARING_PRIVS
    • 15.85 SEM_APIS.IMPORT_ENTAILMENT_STATS
    • 15.86 SEM_APIS.IMPORT_MODEL_STATS
    • 15.87 SEM_APIS.IS_TRIPLE
    • 15.88 SEM_APIS.LOAD_INTO_STAGING_TABLE
    • 15.89 SEM_APIS.LOOKUP_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.90 SEM_APIS.MERGE_MODELS
    • 15.91 SEM_APIS.MIGRATE_DATA_TO_CURRENT
    • 15.92 SEM_APIS.MIGRATE_DATA_TO_STORAGE_V2
    • 15.93 SEM_APIS.MOVE_SEM_NETWORK_DATA
    • 15.94 SEM_APIS.PRIVILEGE_ON_APP_TABLES
    • 15.95 SEM_APIS.PURGE_UNUSED_VALUES
    • 15.96 SEM_APIS.SEM_APIS.REFRESH_MATERIALIZED_VIEW
    • 15.97 SEM_APIS.REFRESH_SEM_NETWORK_INDEX_INFO
    • 15.98 SEM_APIS.REMOVE_DUPLICATES
    • 15.99 SEM_APIS.RENAME_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.100 SEM_APIS.RENAME_MODEL
    • 15.101 SEM_APIS.RES2VID
    • 15.102 SEM_APIS.RESTORE_SEM_NETWORK_DATA
    • 15.103 SEM_APIS.REVOKE_MODEL_ACCESS_PRIV
    • 15.104 SEM_APIS.REVOKE_MODEL_ACCESS_PRIVS
    • 15.105 SEM_APIS.REVOKE_NETWORK_ACCESS_PRIVS
    • 15.106 SEM_APIS.REVOKE_NETWORK_SHARING_PRIVS
    • 15.107 SEM_APIS.SET_ENTAILMENT_STATS
    • 15.108 SEM_APIS.SET_MODEL_STATS
    • 15.109 SEM_APIS.SPARQL_TO_SQL
    • 15.110 SEM_APIS.SWAP_NAMES
    • 15.111 SEM_APIS.TRUNCATE_SEM_MODEL
    • 15.112 SEM_APIS.UNESCAPE_CLOB_TERM
    • 15.113 SEM_APIS.UNESCAPE_CLOB_VALUE
    • 15.114 SEM_APIS.UNESCAPE_RDF_TERM
    • 15.115 SEM_APIS.UNESCAPE_RDF_VALUE
    • 15.116 SEM_APIS.UPDATE_MODEL
    • 15.117 SEM_APIS.VALIDATE_ENTAILMENT
    • 15.118 SEM_APIS.VALIDATE_GEOMETRIES
    • 15.119 SEM_APIS.VALIDATE_MODEL
    • 15.120 SEM_APIS.VALUE_NAME_PREFIX
    • 15.121 SEM_APIS.VALUE_NAME_SUFFIX
  • 16 SEM_OLS Package Subprograms
    • 16.1 SEM_OLS.APPLY_POLICY_TO_APP_TAB
    • 16.2 SEM_OLS.REMOVE_POLICY_FROM_APP_TAB
  • 17 SEM_PERF Package Subprograms
    • 17.1 SEM_PERF.ANALYZE_AUX_TABLES
    • 17.2 SEM_PERF.DELETE_NETWORK_STATS
    • 17.3 SEM_PERF.DROP_EXTENDED_STATS
    • 17.4 SEM_PERF.EXPORT_NETWORK_STATS
    • 17.5 SEM_PERF.GATHER_STATS
    • 17.6 SEM_PERF.IMPORT_NETWORK_STATS
  • 18 SEM_RDFCTX Package Subprograms
    • 18.1 SEM_RDFCTX.ADD_DEPENDENT_POLICY
    • 18.2 SEM_RDFCTX.CREATE_POLICY
    • 18.3 SEM_RDFCTX.DROP_POLICY
    • 18.4 SEM_RDFCTX.MAINTAIN_TRIPLES
    • 18.5 SEM_RDFCTX.SET_DEFAULT_POLICY
    • 18.6 SEM_RDFCTX.SET_EXTRACTOR_PARAM
  • 19 SEM_RDFSA Package Subprograms
    • 19.1 SEM_RDFSA.APPLY_OLS_POLICY
    • 19.2 SEM_RDFSA.DISABLE_OLS_POLICY
    • 19.3 SEM_RDFSA.ENABLE_OLS_POLICY
    • 19.4 SEM_RDFSA.REMOVE_OLS_POLICY
    • 19.5 SEM_RDFSA.RESET_MODEL_LABELS
    • 19.6 SEM_RDFSA.SET_PREDICATE_LABEL
    • 19.7 SEM_RDFSA.SET_RDFS_LABEL
    • 19.8 SEM_RDFSA.SET_RESOURCE_LABEL
    • 19.9 SEM_RDFSA.SET_RULE_LABEL
• Appendixes
  • A Enabling, Downgrading, or Removing RDF Semantic Graph Support
    • A.1 Enabling RDF Semantic Graph Support
      • A.1.1 Enabling RDF Semantic Graph Support in a New Database Installation
      • A.1.2 Upgrading RDF Semantic Graph Support from Release 11.1, 11.2, or 12.1
        • A.1.2.1 Required Data Migration After Upgrade
        • A.1.2.2 Handling of Empty RDF Literals
      • A.1.3 Workspace Manager and Virtual Private Database Desupport
    • A.2 Downgrading RDF Semantic Graph Support to a Previous Release
      • A.2.1 Downgrading to Release 12.1 Semantic Graph Support
    • A.3 Removing RDF Semantic Graph Support
  • B SEM_MATCH Support for Spatial Queries
    • B.1 GeoSPARQL Functions for Spatial Support
      • B.1.1 ogcf:boundary
      • B.1.2 ogcf:buffer
      • B.1.3 ogcf:convexHull
      • B.1.4 ogcf:difference
      • B.1.5 ogcf:distance
      • B.1.6 ogcf:envelope
      • B.1.7 ogcf:getSRID
      • B.1.8 ogcf:intersection
      • B.1.9 ogcf:relate
      • B.1.10 ogcf:sfContains
      • B.1.11 ogcf:sfCrosses
      • B.1.12 ogcf:sfDisjoint
      • B.1.13 ogcf:sfEquals
      • B.1.14 ogcf:sfIntersects
      • B.1.15 ogcf:sfOverlaps
      • B.1.16 ogcf:sfTouches
      • B.1.17 ogcf:sfWithin
      • B.1.18 ogcf:symDifference
      • B.1.19 ogcf:union
    • B.2 Oracle-Specific Functions for Spatial Support
      • B.2.1 orageo:aggrCentroid
      • B.2.2 orageo:aggrConvexHull
      • B.2.3 orageo:aggrMBR
      • B.2.4 orageo:aggrUnion
      • B.2.5 orageo:area
      • B.2.6 orageo:buffer
      • B.2.7 orageo:centroid
      • B.2.8 orageo:convexHull
      • B.2.9 orageo:difference
      • B.2.10 orageo:distance
      • B.2.11 orageo:getSRID
      • B.2.12 orageo:intersection
      • B.2.13 orageo:length
      • B.2.14 orageo:mbr
      • B.2.15 orageo:nearestNeighbor
      • B.2.16 orageo:relate
      • B.2.17 orageo:sdoDistJoin
      • B.2.18 orageo:sdoJoin
      • B.2.19 orageo:union
      • B.2.20 orageo:withinDistance
      • B.2.21 orageo:xor
  • C RDF Support in SQL Developer
    • C.1 About RDF Support in SQL Developer
    • C.2 Setting Up the RDF Semantic Graph Support In SQL Developer
    • C.3 Working with RDF Semantic Networks Using SQL Developer
      • C.3.1 Creating an RDF Semantic Network Using SQL Developer
        • C.3.1.1 Creating Tablespaces for Semantic Networks Using SQL Developer
      • C.3.2 Refreshing Semantic Network Indexes Using SQL Developer
      • C.3.3 Gathering RDF Statistics Using SQL Developer
      • C.3.4 Purging Unused Values from a Network Using SQL Developer
      • C.3.5 Dropping a Semantic Network Using SQL Developer
    • C.4 Bulk Loading RDF Data Using SQL Developer
• Glossary
• Index