ST_GEOMETRY and SDO_GEOMETRY Interoperability

3.1 ST_GEOMETRY and SDO_GEOMETRY Interoperability

The SQL Multimedia ST_GEOMETRY root type, including its subtypes, and the Oracle Spatial SDO_GEOMETRY type are essentially interoperable.

The ST_GEOMETRY subtypes are:

ST_CIRCULARSTRING
ST_COMPOUNDCURVE
ST_CURVE
ST_CURVEPOLYGON
ST_GEOMCOLLECTION
ST_LINESTRING
ST_MULTICURVE
ST_MULTILINESTRING
ST_MULTIPOINT
ST_MULTIPOLYGON
ST_MULTISURFACE
ST_POINT
ST_POLYGON
ST_SURFACE

The ST_GEOMETRY type has an additional constructor method (that is, in addition to the constructors defined in the ISO standard) for creating an instance of the type using an SDO_GEOMETRY object. This constructor has the following format:

ST_GEOMETRY(geom SDO_GEOMETRY);

Example 3-1 Using the ST_GEOMETRY Type for a Spatial Column

Example 3-1 creates a table using the ST_GEOMETRY type for a spatial column instead of the SDO_GEOMETRY type, and it uses the ST_GEOMETRY constructor to specify the SHAPE column value when inserting a row into that table.

CREATE TABLE cola_markets (
  mkt_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(32),
  shape ST_GEOMETRY);
 
INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES(
  1,
  'cola_a',
  ST_GEOMETRY(
    SDO_GEOMETRY(
      2003,  -- two-dimensional polygon
      NULL,
      NULL,
      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,3), -- one rectangle (1003 = exterior)
      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(1,1, 5,7) -- only 2 points needed to
            -- define rectangle (lower left and upper right) with
            -- Cartesian-coordinate data
    )
  )
);

If you create a table with a spatial column of type ST_GEOMETRY, you should add its information to the USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA view and create a spatial index on the ST_GEOMETRY column, just as you would for spatial data defined using the SDO_GEOMETRY type. After you have performed these operations, you can use Oracle Spatial operators (described in Spatial Operators ) in the ST_GEOMETRY data. In addition to the operators defined in the standard, you can use the SDO_NN and SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE operators.

Example 3-2 Creating, Indexing, Storing, and Querying ST_GEOMETRY Data

Example 3-2 performs many of the same basic operations as in Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data, but it uses the ST_GEOMETRY type instead of the SDO_GEOMETRY type for the spatial column.

CREATE TABLE cola_markets (
  mkt_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR2(32),
  shape ST_GEOMETRY);
 
INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES(
  1,
  'cola_a',
  ST_GEOMETRY(
    SDO_GEOMETRY(
      2003,  -- two-dimensional polygon
      NULL,
      NULL,
      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,3), -- one rectangle (1003 = exterior)
      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(1,1, 5,7) -- only 2 points needed to
            -- define rectangle (lower left and upper right) with
            -- Cartesian-coordinate data
    )
  )
);
 
INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES(
  2,
  'cola_b',
  ST_GEOMETRY(
    SDO_GEOMETRY(
      2003,  -- two-dimensional polygon
      NULL,
      NULL,
      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,1), -- one polygon (exterior polygon ring)
      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(5,1, 8,1, 8,6, 5,7, 5,1)
    )
  )
);
 
INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES(
  3,
  'cola_c',
  ST_GEOMETRY(
    SDO_GEOMETRY(
      2003,  -- two-dimensional polygon
      NULL,
      NULL,
      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,1), -- one polygon (exterior polygon ring)
      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(3,3, 6,3, 6,5, 4,5, 3,3)
    )
  )
);
 
INSERT INTO cola_markets VALUES(
  4,
  'cola_d',
  ST_GEOMETRY(
    SDO_GEOMETRY(
      2003,  -- two-dimensional polygon
      NULL,
      NULL,
      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,4), -- one circle
      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(8,7, 10,9, 8,11)
    )
  )
);
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- UPDATE METADATA VIEW --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- Update the USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA view. This is required before
-- the spatial index can be created. Do this only once for each layer
-- (that is, table-column combination; here: cola_markets and shape).
 
INSERT INTO user_sdo_geom_metadata
    (TABLE_NAME,
     COLUMN_NAME,
     DIMINFO,
     SRID) 
  VALUES (
    'cola_markets',
    'shape',
    SDO_DIM_ARRAY(   -- 20X20 grid
      SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('X', 0, 20, 0.005),
      SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('Y', 0, 20, 0.005)
       ),
    NULL   -- SRID
  );
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-- CREATE THE SPATIAL INDEX --
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 
CREATE INDEX cola_spatial_idx
ON cola_markets(shape)
INDEXTYPE IS MDSYS.SPATIAL_INDEX_V2;
 
---------------------------
-- SDO_NN and SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE
--------------------------
 
-- SDO_NN operator.
 
SELECT  /*+ INDEX(c cola_spatial_idx) */ c.mkt_id, c.name  
   FROM cola_markets c  
   WHERE SDO_NN(c.shape,  sdo_geometry(2001, NULL, 
      sdo_point_type(10,7,NULL), NULL,  NULL),  'sdo_num_res=2') = 'TRUE'; 
 
-- SDO_NN_DISTANCE ancillary operator
 
SELECT   /*+ INDEX(c cola_spatial_idx) */ 
   c.mkt_id, c.name, SDO_NN_DISTANCE(1) dist
   FROM cola_markets c  
   WHERE SDO_NN(c.shape,  sdo_geometry(2001, NULL, 
      sdo_point_type(10,7,NULL), NULL,  NULL),
      'sdo_num_res=2', 1) = 'TRUE' ORDER BY dist; 
 
-- SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE operator (two examples)
 
SELECT c.name FROM cola_markets c WHERE SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(c.shape, 
  SDO_GEOMETRY(2003, NULL, NULL, SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,3), 
    SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(4,6, 8,8)), 
  'distance=10') = 'TRUE';  
 
-- What geometries are within a distance of 10 from a query window
-- (here, a rectangle with lower-left, upper-right coordinates 4,6, 8,8)?
-- But exclude geoms with MBRs with both sides < 4.1, i.e., cola_c and cola_d.
 
SELECT c.name FROM cola_markets c WHERE SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(c.shape, 
  SDO_GEOMETRY(2003, NULL, NULL, SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,1003,3), 
    SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(4,6, 8,8)), 
  'distance=10 min_resolution=4.1') = 'TRUE';  
 
-------------------------------------
-- Some ST_GEOMETRY member functions
-------------------------------------
 
SELECT c.shape.GET_WKB() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.GET_WKT() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_COORDDIM()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_ISVALID() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_SRID() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_SRID(8307) 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_ISEMPTY() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_ENVELOPE() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_BOUNDARY() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_GEOMETRYTYPE() 
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_ISSIMPLE()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_DIMENSION()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_CONVEXHULL()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_CENTROID()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_GETTOLERANCE()
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
-- Some member functions that require a parameter
DECLARE
  cola_a_geom ST_GEOMETRY;
  cola_b_geom ST_GEOMETRY;
  cola_c_geom ST_GEOMETRY;
  cola_d_geom ST_GEOMETRY;
  returned_geom ST_GEOMETRY;
  returned_number NUMBER;
 
BEGIN
 
-- Populate geometry variables with cola market shapes.
SELECT c.shape INTO cola_a_geom FROM cola_markets c
  WHERE c.name = 'cola_a';
SELECT c.shape INTO cola_b_geom FROM cola_markets c
  WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
SELECT c.shape INTO cola_c_geom FROM cola_markets c
  WHERE c.name = 'cola_c';
SELECT c.shape INTO cola_d_geom FROM cola_markets c
  WHERE c.name = 'cola_d';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_EQUALS(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Is cola_b equal to cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_SYMMETRICDIFFERENCE(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_geom
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_DISTANCE(cola_d_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Distance between cola_b equal to cola_d: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_INTERSECTS(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b intersect cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_CROSS(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b cross cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_DISJOINT(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Is cola_b disjoint with cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_TOUCH(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b touch cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_WITHIN(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Is cola_b within cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_OVERLAP(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b overlap cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_CONTAINS(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b contain cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_INTERSECTION(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_geom
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_DIFFERENCE(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_geom
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_UNION(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_geom
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_SYMDIFFERENCE(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_geom
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_TOUCHES(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b touch cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
SELECT c.shape.ST_CROSSES(cola_a_geom) INTO returned_number
  FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Does cola_b cross cola_a?: ' || returned_number);
 
END;
/

Parent topic: SQL Multimedia Type Support