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OpenWindows Advanced User's Guide
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About This Book
Chapter 1 Logging In to SunOS and Starting OpenWindows
1.1 Logging In
1.2 Your Login Shell
1.3 Logging Out
1.4 Keyboard Equivalents
1.5 OpenWindows Start-up Considerations
1.5.1 The OPENWINHOME Environment Variable
1.5.2 Using the Correct Start-Up File
1.5.2.1 Start-Up File Procedures
1.6 Starting the OpenWindows User Environment
1.6.1 Displaying the OpenWindows Software
1.6.1.1 Displaying OpenWindows Quickly
In the .profile File
In the .cshrc File
1.6.2 If OpenWindows Won't Display
1.7 Quitting the OpenWindows Environment
1.8 Special OpenWindows Start-up Options
1.8.1 Starting with Reduced Network Security
1.8.2 Starting with Various Monitor Types
1.8.2.1 SPARC: Starting with Multiple Monitors
[ -dev device ]
[ deviceoptions ]
1.8.2.2 Device Option Examples
[ left ] [ right ]
[ top ] [ bottom ]
1.8.2.3 Miscellaneous Notes
Chapter 2 Basic SunOS Commands
2.1 The Command Prompt
2.2 Entering Commands
2.2.1 Correcting Typing Mistakes
2.2.2 Entering Multiple Commands and Long Commands
2.2.3 Repeating Previous Commands
2.2.4 Adding Command Options
2.2.5 Redirecting and Piping Command Output
2.2.6 Running Commands in the Background
2.3 Getting Help with OS Commands
2.3.1 Displaying Manual Pages with man
2.3.2 Displaying a One-line Summary with whatis
2.3.3 Keyword Lookup with apropos
Chapter 3 Working with Files and Directories
3.1 File Concepts
3.2 Using File Commands
3.2.1 Before You Begin
3.2.2 Creating a Test File
3.2.3 Listing Files (ls)
3.2.4 Copying Files (cp)
3.2.5 Moving and Renaming Files (mv)
3.2.6 Deleting Files (rm)
3.2.7 Displaying File Contents (more, cat)
3.2.8 Displaying File Type (file)
3.3 Directories and Hierarchy
3.3.1 Directory Hierarchy
3.3.2 Print Working Directory (pwd)
3.3.3 Your Home Directory
3.3.4 Change Working Directory (cd)
3.3.5 Creating a Directory (mkdir)
3.3.6 Relative Path Names
3.3.7 Moving and Renaming Directories
3.3.8 Copying Directories
3.3.9 Removing Directories (rmdir)
3.4 Looking at Differences Between Files (diff)
3.4.1 Comparing Three Different Files (diff3)
3.4.2 Using bdiff on Large Files
3.5 Looking Up Files (find)
3.6 File and Directory Security
3.6.1 Displaying Permissions and Status (su ls -l)
3.6.2 Listing "Hidden" Files (ls -a)
3.6.3 Changing Permissions (chmod)
3.6.4 Setting Absolute Permissions
Chapter 4 Searching Files
4.1 Searching for Patterns with grep
4.1.1 grep as a Filter
4.1.2 grep with Multi-Word Strings
4.1.3 Searching for Lines without a Certain String
4.1.4 More on grep
4.1.5 Searching for Metacharacters
4.1.6 Single or Double Quotes on Command Lines
Chapter 5 Passwords, Processes, and Disk Storage
5.1 Using a Password
5.1.1 Changing Your Password
5.1.2 Password Aging
5.2 Processes and PIDs
5.2.1 What Commands Are Running Now (ps)
5.2.2 Terminating Processes (kill)
5.3 Managing Disk Storage
5.3.1 Displaying Disk Usage (df -k)
5.3.2 Displaying Directory Usage (du)
Chapter 6 Using the vi Editor
6.1 Starting vi
6.1.1 Creating a File
6.1.2 The Status Line
6.2 The Two Modes of vi
6.2.1 Entry Mode
6.2.2 Command Mode
6.3 Ending a Session
6.3.1 Saving Changes and Quitting vi
6.3.1.1 Saving
6.3.1.2 Saving and Quitting
6.3.1.3 Quitting Without Saving
6.4 Printing a File
6.5 Basic vi Commands
6.5.1 Moving Around in a File
6.5.1.1 Moving the Cursor
Moving with Arrow Keys
Moving One Word
Moving to Start or End of Line
Moving Down One Line
Moving Left
Moving Right
Moving to the Top
Moving to the Middle
Moving to the Bottom
6.5.1.2 Paging and Scrolling
Page Forward One Screen
Scroll Forward One-Half Screen
Page Backward One Screen
Scroll Backward One-Half Screen
6.5.2 Inserting Text
6.5.2.1 Append
6.5.2.2 Insert
6.5.2.3 Open Line
6.5.3 Changing Text
6.5.3.1 Changing a Word
6.5.3.2 Changing a Line
6.5.3.3 Changing Part of a Line
6.5.3.4 Substituting Character(s)
6.5.3.5 Replacing One Character
6.5.3.6 Transposing Characters
6.5.3.7 Breaking or Joining Lines
6.5.4 Undoing Changes
6.5.4.1 Undoing the Previous Command
6.5.4.2 Undoing Changes to a Line
6.5.5 Deleting Text
6.5.5.1 Deleting One Character
6.5.5.2 Deleting a Word or Part of a Word
6.5.5.3 Deleting a Line
6.5.5.4 Deleting Part of a Line
6.5.5.5 Deleting to the End of the File
6.5.5.6 Deleting from Beginning of File
6.5.6 Copying and Moving Text -- Yank, Delete, and Put
6.5.6.1 Copying Lines
6.5.6.2 Moving Lines
6.5.6.3 Using Named Buffers
6.5.7 Using a Count to Repeat Commands
6.6 Using ex Commands
6.6.1 Turning Line Numbers On and Off
6.6.2 Copying Lines
6.6.3 Moving Lines
6.6.4 Deleting Lines
6.7 Searching and Replacing with vi
6.7.1 Finding a Character String
6.7.2 Refining the Search
6.7.3 Replacing a Character String
6.7.4 Going to a Specific Line
6.8 Inserting One File into Another
6.9 Editing Multiple Files
6.9.1 Editing a Series of Files
6.9.2 Copying Lines Between Files
6.10 Setting vi Parameters
6.11 Recovering from a Crash
6.12 Summary of Basic vi Commands
Chapter 7 Using Mail
7.1 mailx Basics
7.1.1 Starting mailx
7.1.2 Sending Yourself a Sample Letter
7.1.3 Reading Your Sample Letter
7.1.4 Quitting mailx
7.2 Reading Letters
7.3 Deleting (and Undeleting) Letters
7.4 Printing Letters
7.5 Sending Letters
7.5.1 Undeliverable Letters
7.5.2 Canceling an Unsent Letter
7.5.3 Adding Carbon and Blind Carbon Copies
7.5.4 Inserting a Copy of a Letter or File
7.5.4.1 Inserting a Letter
7.5.4.2 Inserting a File
7.5.5 Replying to a Letter
7.6 Saving and Retrieving Letters
7.6.1 Saving and Copying Letters in Files
7.6.2 Saving and Copying Letters in Folders
7.6.2.1 Setting the Folder Directory
7.6.2.2 Designating Folders
7.6.2.3 Sending a Letter Directly to a File or Folder
7.6.3 Reading Letters in Files and Folders
7.7 Using vi with mailx
7.8 Mail Aliases
7.8.1 Setting Up Mail Aliases in .mailrc
7.8.2 Setting Up Mail Aliases in /etc/aliases
7.9 Tilde Commands
7.10 Getting Help: Other mailx Commands
Chapter 8 Using Printers
8.1 Submitting Print Requests
8.1.1 Submitting Print Requests to the Default Printer
8.1.2 Submitting Print Requests Using a Printer Name
8.1.3 Requesting Notification when Printing is Complete
8.1.4 Printing Multiple Copies
8.1.5 Summary Table of lp Options
8.2 Determining Printer Status
8.2.1 Checking on the Status of Your Print Requests
8.2.2 Checking on Available Printers
8.2.3 Displaying All Status Information
8.2.4 Displaying Status for Printers
8.2.5 Displaying Printer Characteristics
8.2.6 Summary Table of lpstat Options
8.3 Canceling a Print Request
8.3.1 Canceling a Print Request by ID Number
8.3.2 Canceling a Print Request by Printer Name
Chapter 9 Using the Network
9.1 Networking Concepts
9.2 Logging In Remotely (rlogin)
9.2.1 rlogin without a Home Directory
9.2.2 rlogin as Someone Else
9.2.3 rlogin to an Unknown Machine
9.2.4 Aborting an rlogin Connection
9.2.5 Suspending an rlogin Connection
9.2.6 Verifying Your Location (who am i)
9.3 Copying Files Remotely (rcp)
9.3.1 Copying from Another Machine to Yours
9.3.2 Copying from Your Machine to Another
9.4 Executing Commands Remotely (rsh)
9.5 Viewing User Information (rusers)
Chapter 10 Customizing Your Working Environment
10.1 Initialization Files
10.2 Environment Variables
10.2.1 The User Profile
10.2.2 Setting the PATH Variable
10.2.3 Aliases (C Shell Only)
10.2.4 Changing Your Command Prompt
10.2.4.1 Bourne and Korn Shells
10.2.4.2 C Shell
10.2.5 Other Useful Variables
10.3 Setting Default File Permissions
10.4 Customizing OpenWindows Fonts
10.4.1 Specifying the Font Style and Point Size
10.4.1.1 Fixed-Width and Proportionally-Spaced Fonts
10.4.1.2 Choosing Between Fixed and Proportional Fonts
10.4.1.3 Specifying the Font for a Single Window
10.4.1.4 Making Font Assignments Permanent
10.4.2 Listing the Available Fonts
10.4.2.1 The Available Font List
10.5 Calibrating Your Color Monitor
10.5.1 Monitor Calibration Concepts
10.5.1.1 Calibrated Profiles and Visuals
10.5.2 Adjusting Your Viewing Environment
10.5.2.1 Adjusting Your Working Environment
Minimizing Reflections
Adjusting Ambient Light
Establishing a Suitable Surround
Establishing a Comfortable Viewing Distance
10.5.2.2 Adjusting Your Monitor
10.5.2.3 To Adjust Your Monitor
10.5.3 Connecting the Calibrator Puck
10.5.3.1 To Connect the Calibrator Puck
10.5.4 Running Calibrator Tool
10.5.4.1 To Start Calibrator Tool
10.5.4.2 To Select a Monitor
10.5.4.3 To Calibrate a Monitor
10.5.4.4 To Interrupt Calibration
10.5.4.5 To Quit Calibrator Tool
10.5.5 Error Messages
10.5.5.1 Swap Space
10.5.5.2 Package Installation
10.5.5.3 Puck Connection
10.5.5.4 OWconfig Data
10.5.5.5 Device Handler
10.5.5.6 Module Initialization
10.5.5.7 Incomplete Module Measurement
10.5.5.8 Invalid Profile
10.5.5.9 Private Colormap Entry Allocation
Appendix A Migrating to OpenWindows Version 3.3, or Later Versions
A.1 SPARC: Migrating from the SunView Environment
A.1.1 The .defaults and .Xdefaults Files
A.2 Migrating from a pre-Version 3.3 OpenWindows Environment
A.2.1 The OPENWINHOME Environment Variable
A.2.2 The .xinitrc File
A.2.3 Using the Correct Start-up File
A.2.3.1 Start-Up File Procedures
A.2.4 Workspace Properties
A.2.5 Customizing the Workspace Menu
Appendix B Making the Transition to Solaris 2.5
B.1 Making the Transition from SunOS 4.x
B.1.1 SPARC: Changes Affecting SunOS 4.x Users
B.1.2 SPARC: Changes Affecting SunOS 4.x System Administrators
B.1.3 SPARC: Compatibility with SunOS 4.x Releases for SPARC Systems
B.1.3.1 SPARC: The SunOS/BSD Source Compatibility Package
B.1.3.2 SPARC: The SunOS Binary Compatibility Package
B.2 IA: Making the Transition from Solaris 2.1 for IA
B.2.1 IA: Changes affecting Users
B.2.2 IA: Changes affecting System Administrators
B.2.3 IA: Solaris 2.5 System Administration Tools
B.2.3.1 IA: Since the Solaris 2.3 Release
B.2.3.2 IA: Since the Solaris 2.1 Release
Appendix C Modifying the Keyboard
C.1 Disabling/Enabling the Compose Key
C.2 SPARC: Left-Handed Key Remapping
C.2.1 SPARC: Using the Remapping Script
C.2.1.1 The lefty.data Script
C.2.2 SPARC: Undoing the Keyboard Remapping
C.2.2.1 The nolefty.data Script
C.3 IA: Function Key and Control Key Remapping
C.3.1 IA: Using the Remapping Script
C.3.1.1 The fkeys Script
C.3.2 IA: Undoing the Keyboard Remapping
C.3.2.1 The normal Script
Appendix D Running Networked Applications
D.1 Using rlogin to Run a Networked Application
D.2 More About Security
D.2.1 Who Should Read this Section
D.2.2 Access Control Mechanisms
D.2.2.1 User-Based Access
D.2.2.2 Host-Based Access
D.2.3 Authorization Protocols
D.2.3.1 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
D.2.3.2 SUN-DES-1
D.2.3.3 Changing the Default Authorization Protocol
D.2.4 Manipulating Access to the Server
D.2.4.1 Client Authority File
D.2.4.2 Allowing Access When Using MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
D.2.4.3 Allowing Access When Using SUN-DES-1
D.2.5 Running Clients Remotely, or Locally as Another User
Appendix E SPARC -- DECnet Internetworking (DNI)
E.1 Setting Up DECnet Internetworking
E.2 Displaying a Remote Client on an OpenWindows Machine
E.3 Displaying a Remote Client on a VAX
Appendix F Managing Your System
F.1 Starting Admintool
F.1.1 Adding Yourself to the sysadmin Group
F.2 Using Admintool to Perform Common Tasks
F.2.1 About Managing Hosts
F.2.2 About Managing Printers
F.2.3 About Managing Serial Ports
Appendix G Using PCMCIA Cards
G.1 Introduction
G.1.1 Support Requirements
G.1.2 Other Information Sources
G.2 Using a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.2.1 File Copying Methods
G.2.2 Write-Protect Mode
G.2.2.1 Enabling Write-Protect Mode
G.2.2.2 Disabling Write-Protect Mode
G.2.3 PCMCIA Memory Cards and Power Management's Resume/Suspend Feature
G.3 Copying Files with the tar Command
G.3.1 Formatting a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.3.2 Displaying File Names with the tar Command
G.3.3 Copying Files
G.3.3.1 Copying Files from a Hard Disk to a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.3.3.2 Copying Files from a PCMCIA Memory Card to a Hard Disk
G.4 Copying Files with Volume Management Enabled
G.4.1 Formatting an Unlabeled PCMCIA Memory Card
G.4.2 Reformatting a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.4.3 Copying Files
G.4.3.1 Copying Files from a Hard Disk to a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.4.3.2 Copying Files from a PCMCIA Memory Card to a Hard Disk
G.4.3.3 Ejecting a PCMCIA Memory Card Using the eject(1) Command
G.5 Copying Files with Volume Management Disabled
G.5.1 Disabling Volume Management
G.5.2 Formatting a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.5.3 Mounting a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.5.4 Copying Files
G.5.4.1 Copying Files from a Hard Disk to a PCMCIA Memory Card
G.5.4.2 From a PCMCIA Memory Card to a Hard Disk
G.5.4.3 Enabling Volume Management
G.6 Using a PCMCIA Serial/ModemCard
G.6.1 PCMCIA Serial/Modem Card Device Names
G.6.2 PCMCIA Serial/Modem Cards and Power Management's Resume/Suspend Feature
Index
Numbers and Symbols
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