Oracle^® Solaris 64-bit Developer's Guide

Index

Numbers and Symbols

32-bit

4GB barrierGetting Past the 4 Gigabyte Barrier

APIsApplication Programming Interfaces

compilation environmentChanges in Derived Types

interoperability with 64-bitInteroperability Issues

large files andLarge Files

limited to 256 open streamsChanges to stdio

number alignment on different platformsAlignment Issues

32-bit applications

converting to 64-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

on 64-bit hardwareFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

packagingPackaging 32-bit and 64-bit Applications

year 2038 limitFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

64-bit

application developers andWhen to Use 64-bit for Applications

arithmetic64-bit Arithmetic

comparing with 32-bitComparing 32-bit Interfaces and 64-bit Interfaces

compilation environmentChanges in Derived Types

computing64-bit Computing

conversion guidelinesGuidelines for Converting to LP64 Data Type Model

CPU hardware and64-bit Arithmetic

database advantagesTypical Performance and Problem Size Curve

debugging applicationsDebugging 64-bit Applications

development environment

64-bit Development Environment

Major Features of 64-bit Development Environment

ELF64 formatELF and System Generation Tools

interfacesComparing 32-bit Interfaces and 64-bit Interfaces

interoperability with 32-bitInteroperability Issues

large files andLarge Files

libraries64-bit Libraries

long type andWhen to Use 64-bit for Applications

more than 256 open streamsChanges to stdio

number alignment on different platformsAlignment Issues

performance issuesPerformance Issues

pointers andWhen to Use 64-bit for Applications

requires 64-bit hardwareFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

system call issuesSystem Call Issues

64-bit applications

advantages

64-bit Application Advantages

Beyond Large Address Spaces

compatibility with 32-bitCompatibility Between 32-bit Applications and 64-bit Applications

disadvantages64-bit Application Disadvantages

from 32-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

packagingPackaging 32-bit and 64-bit Applications

A

ABIs  Seeamd64, i386, SPARC V9 ABI

address space layout

amd64Address Space Layout for amd64 Applications

protection through randomizationBeyond Large Address Spaces

SPARC V9 ABIAddress Space Layout of the SPARC V9 ABI

algorithm changes when converting code to 64-bitAlgorithmic Changes

alignment

numbers on different platformsAlignment Issues

amd64 ABI

address space layoutAddress Space Layout for amd64 Applications

alignment of 32-bit and 64-bit numbersAlignment Issues

featuresAMD64 ABI Features

applications

binary compatibilityApplication Binaries

compatibility of 64-bit and 32-bitCompatibility Between 32-bit Applications and 64-bit Applications

converting to 64-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

implementing single source for 32-bit and 64-bitImplementing Single Source Code

maintaining single source for 32-bit and 64-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

source code compatibilityApplication Source Code

C

calling convention changes in 64-bit codeCalling Convention Changes

casts

64-bit guidelinesDo Not Assume int and Pointers Are the Same Size

conversion guidelinesUse Casts to Show Your Intentions

CFLAGS flagBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

changes in derived types

_ILP32 and _LP64Changes in Derived Types

checking for side effects during conversionCheck for Side Effects of Changes

checklist for converting code to 64-bitChecklist for Converting to 64-bit

code models

SPARC V9 ABICode Models of the SPARC V9 ABI

coding

detecting errors with lintFinding Errors With lint

comparing

compilation environmentsChanges in Derived Types

compatibility

application binariesApplication Binaries

application source codeApplication Source Code

device driversDevice Drivers

compilation environments

comparingChanges in Derived Types

ioctl() andioctl Does Not Type Check at Compile Time

constant macrosMacros for Constants

constant types

conversion guidelinesSpecify Constant Types

converting

32-bit to 64-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

64-bit guidelinesGuidelines for Converting to LP64 Data Type Model

calling convention changesCalling Convention Changes

checking for algorithm changesAlgorithmic Changes

checking for data losssizeof unsigned long in LP64

checking for implicit declarationsBeware of Implicit Declaration

checking internal data structuresInternal Data Structure Checking

checking unionsCheck Unions

checklistChecklist for Converting to 64-bit

format stringsCheck Format String Conversion Operations

long type andCheck Whether Literal Uses of long Still Make Sense

performance issuesCompiling LP64 Programs

pointer arithmetic andUse Pointer Arithmetic Instead of Integers

sample 32-bit and 64-bit programSample 64-bit From 32-bit Program

side effectsCheck for Side Effects of Changes

sign extension andSign Extension

specifying constant typesSpecify Constant Types

using castsUse Casts to Show Your Intentions

utmp and utmpx access issuesCheck for Derived Types That Have Grown in Size

D

/dev/ksyms devicelibkvm and /dev/ksyms

/dev/mem devicelibkvm and /dev/ksyms

data loss

conversion guidelinessizeof unsigned long in LP64

data models

differences between 64-bit and 32-bitOverview of the Data Model Differences

ILP32Overview of the Data Model Differences

LP64Overview of the Data Model Differences

data placement in SPARC V9 ABIPlacement of Text and Data of the SPARC V9 ABI

database

advantage of 64-bit systemTypical Performance and Problem Size Curve

debugging

64-bit applicationsDebugging 64-bit Applications

lint commandFinding Errors With lint

derived typesDerived Types

describing

amd64 ABIAMD64 ABI Features

detecting errors

lint commandFinding Errors With lint

device drivers

64-bit and 32-bitDevice Drivers

E

ELF

result from ldLinking Object Files

system generation tools andELF and System Generation Tools

EOVERFLOW return valueEOVERFLOW Indicates System Call Issue

Executable and Linking Format  SeeELF

F

FAQFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

feature test macros

distinguishing data models

Changes in Derived Types

Use #ifdef for Explicit 32-bit and 64-bit Prototypes

examplessize_t Definition in _LP64

fixed-width integer typesFixed-Width Integer Types

fixed-width statistic typeslibkstat Kernel Statistics

format strings

conversion guidelinesCheck Format String Conversion Operations

macrosFormat String Macros

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)

building components in Oracle SolarisBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

functions

getutxent()Check for Derived Types That Have Grown in Size

sizeof()sizeof unsigned long in LP64

G

GELF

64-bit and 32-bit ELF interfacesELF and System Generation Tools

getutxent() functionCheck for Derived Types That Have Grown in Size

H

header files

changes for 64-bitHeader Files

inttypes.hImplementing Single Source Code

stdio.hOverview of the Data Model Differences

sys/feature_tests.h

Differences Between Derived Types Specific to Large Files

Changes in Derived Types

sys/isa_defs.h

Header Files

Feature Test Macros

sys/types.h

Changes in Derived Types

Implementing Single Source Code

I

i386 ABI

alignment of 32-bit and 64-bit numbersAlignment Issues

ILP32  See Also32-bit

data model

Changes in Derived Types

Overview of the Data Model Differences

implicit declarations

conversion guidelinesBeware of Implicit Declaration

int type

conversion guidelinesDo Not Assume int and long Are the Same Size

integer typesFixed-Width Integer Types

limitsLimits of Integer Types

internal data structures

conversion guidelinesInternal Data Structure Checking

interoperability

64-bit and 32-bitInteroperability Issues

interprocess communication

primitivesInterprocess Communication

inttypes.h header file

inttypes.h Header File

Implementing Single Source Code

ioctl() system call

64-bit and 32-bit differencesioctl Does Not Type Check at Compile Time

isainfo commandShow That 64-bit and 32-bit Applications Run on Your Oracle Solaris 11 System

K

kernel memory readersKernel Memory Readers

L

/lib/64 library pathBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

Large Files  Seelarge files

large files

applications andLarge Files

differences between derived typesDifferences Between Derived Types Specific to Large Files

EOVERFLOW errorEOVERFLOW Indicates System Call Issue

large virtual address space

definitionLarge Virtual Address Space

LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variableLD_LIBRARY_PATH Environment Variable

LDFLAGS flagBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

libc libraryChanges to stdio

libkstat librarylibkstat Kernel Statistics

libkvm library

libkvm and /dev/ksyms

Kernel Memory Readers

libraries

32-bit and 64-bit32-bit and 64-bit Libraries

64-bit64-bit Libraries

different for 32-bit and 64-bitSPARC V9 ABI Features

FOSS components, forBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

libcChanges to stdio

libkstatlibkstat Kernel Statistics

libkvm

libkvm and /dev/ksyms

Kernel Memory Readers

not combining 32-bit and 64-bitFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

shared32-bit and 64-bit Libraries

limits

4GB barrier on 32-bitGetting Past the 4 Gigabyte Barrier

integer typesLimits of Integer Types

open streamsChanges to stdio

stdio streamsChanges to stdio

year 2038 for 32-bit applicationsFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

linking

using ld link-editorLinking Object Files

lint command

detecting porting errorsFinding Errors With lint

long type

conversion guidelines

Check Whether Literal Uses of long Still Make Sense

Do Not Assume int and long Are the Same Size

LP64  See Also64-bit

application developers andWhen to Use 64-bit for Applications

data model

Changes in Derived Types

Overview of the Data Model Differences

guidelines for converting toGuidelines for Converting to LP64 Data Type Model

M

macros

constants, forMacros for Constants

feature test

size_t Definition in _LP64

Changes in Derived Types

Use #ifdef for Explicit 32-bit and 64-bit Prototypes

format stringFormat String Macros

O

$ORIGIN keyword$ORIGIN Keyword

Oracle Developer Studio

lint commandFinding Errors With lint

P

/proc interface

64-bit and 32-bit/proc Interface

restrictions/proc Restrictions

/proc interface

compilation requirement

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Application Binaries

debugging tools

Debugging 64-bit Applications

When to Use 64-bit for Applications

packaging

application naming conventionsApplication Naming Conventions

FOSS componentsBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

guidelinesPackaging Guidelines

library and program placementPlacement of Libraries and Programs

performance

64-bit issuesPerformance Issues

conversion guidelinesCompiling LP64 Programs

pointer arithmeticUse Pointer Arithmetic Instead of Integers

pointer typesHelpful Types Such as unintptr_t

pointers

32-bit and 64-bit differenceWhen to Use 64-bit for Applications

guidelines for 64-bit

Do Not Assume int and long Are the Same Size

Do Not Assume int and Pointers Are the Same Size

helpful typesHelpful Types Such as unintptr_t

porting code

detecting errors with lintFinding Errors With lint

S

sign extension

conversionSign Extension

conversion rules andSign Extension

integral promotionSign Extension

signed integer typesFixed-Width Integer Types

single source code

exampleSample 64-bit From 32-bit Program

implementing for 32-bit and 64-bitImplementing Single Source Code

maintaining for 32-bit and 64-bitConverting Applications to 64-bit

sizeof() functionsizeof unsigned long in LP64

SPARC V8 ABI

alignment of 32-bit and 64-bit numbersAlignment Issues

SPARC V9 ABI

address space layoutAddress Space Layout of the SPARC V9 ABI

alignment of 32-bit and 64-bit numbersAlignment Issues

code modelCode Models of the SPARC V9 ABI

data and text placementPlacement of Text and Data of the SPARC V9 ABI

featuresSPARC V9 ABI Features

stack biasStack Bias

versionsApplication Binary Interfaces

stdio.h header fileOverview of the Data Model Differences

stdio

changes toChanges to stdio

streams

limits toChanges to stdio

sys/feature_tests.h header file

Differences Between Derived Types Specific to Large Files

Changes in Derived Types

sys/isa_defs.h header fileHeader Files

sys/isa_defs.h header fileFeature Test Macros

sys/types.h header file

Changes in Derived Types

sys/types.h Header File

Implementing Single Source Code

sysinfo()

extensions toExtensions to sysinfo System Call

system calls

64-bit and 32-bit differencesSystem Call Issues

EOVERFLOW meaningEOVERFLOW Indicates System Call Issue

ioctl() difference between 64-bit and 32-bitioctl Does Not Type Check at Compile Time

T

text placement in SPARC V9 ABIPlacement of Text and Data of the SPARC V9 ABI

types

changes in derived between _ILP32 and _LP64Changes in Derived Types

derivedDerived Types

fixed-width statisticlibkstat Kernel Statistics

U

/usr/lib/64 library pathBuilding FOSS on Oracle Solaris Systems

uintptr_t pointer typeHelpful Types Such as unintptr_t

unions

conversion guidelinesCheck Unions

unsigned integer typesFixed-Width Integer Types

utmp file

conversion guidelinesCheck for Derived Types That Have Grown in Size

utmpx file

conversion guidelinesCheck for Derived Types That Have Grown in Size

V

virtual address space

18 exabytesLarge Virtual Address Space

32-bit applicationsGetting Past the 4 Gigabyte Barrier

largeLarge Virtual Address Space