Go to main content
1/50
Contents
List of Examples
List of Figures
List of Tables
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documentation
Conventions
What's New in Backup and Recovery?
Part I Overview of Backup and Recovery
1
Introduction to Backup and Recovery
Purpose of Backup and Recovery
Data Protection
Media Failures
User Errors
Application Errors
Data Preservation
Data Transfer
Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions
Oracle Flashback Technology
Logical Flashback Features
Flashback Database
Data Recovery Advisor
Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap
Recovery Manager Documentation Roadmap
User-Managed Backup and Recovery Documentation Roadmap
2
Getting Started with RMAN
Overview of the RMAN Environment
Starting RMAN and Connecting to Database
Showing the Default RMAN Configuration
Backing Up a Database
Backing Up a Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode
Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Typical Backup Options
Making Incremental Backups
Making Incrementally Updated Backups
Validating Database Files and Backups
Scripting RMAN Operations
Reporting on RMAN Operations
Listing Backups
Reporting on Database Files and Backups
Maintaining RMAN Backups
Crosschecking Backups
Deleting Obsolete Backups
Diagnosing and Repairing Failures with Data Recovery Advisor
Listing Failures and Determining Repair Options
Repairing Failures
Rewinding a Database with Flashback Database
Restoring and Recovering Database Files
Preparing to Restore and Recover Database Files
Recovering the Whole Database
Recovering Tablespaces
Recovering Individual Data Blocks
Part II Starting and Configuring RMAN
3
Recovery Manager Architecture
About the RMAN Environment
RMAN Command-Line Client
RMAN Channels
Channels and Devices
Automatic and Manual Channels
RMAN Repository
Media Management
RMAN Interaction with a Media Manager
Oracle Secure Backup
Backup Solutions Program
Flash Recovery Area
RMAN in a Data Guard Environment
RMAN Configuration in a Data Guard Environment
RMAN File Management in a Data Guard Environment
Interchangeability of Backups in a Data Guard Environment
Association of Backups in a Data Guard Environment
Accessibility of Backups in a Data Guard Environment
4
Starting and Interacting with the RMAN Client
Starting and Exiting RMAN
Specifying the Location of RMAN Output
Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN
Entering RMAN Commands
Entering RMAN Commands at the RMAN Prompt
Using Command Files with RMAN
Entering Comments in RMAN Command Files
Using Substitution Variables in Command Files
Checking RMAN Syntax
Checking RMAN Syntax at the Command Line
Checking RMAN Syntax in Command Files
Making Database Connections with RMAN
About RMAN Database Connections
Authentication for RMAN Database Connections
Making RMAN Database Connections from the Operating System Command Line
Making Database Connections from the RMAN Prompt
Connecting RMAN to an Auxiliary Database
Making RMAN Database Connections Within Command Files
Diagnosing RMAN Connection Problems
Diagnosing Target and Auxiliary Database Connection Problems
Diagnosing Recovery Catalog Connection Problems
Using the RMAN Pipe Interface
Executing Multiple RMAN Commands In Succession Through a Pipe: Example
Executing RMAN Commands In a Single Job Through a Pipe: Example
5
Configuring the RMAN Environment
Configuring the Environment for RMAN Backups
Showing and Clearing Persistent RMAN Configurations
Configuring the Default Device for Backups: Disk or SBT
Configuring the Default Type for Backups: Backup Sets or Copies
Configuring Channels
About Channel Configuration
Configuring Channels for Disk
Configuring Channel Parallelism for Disk and SBT Devices
Manually Overriding Configured Channels
Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups
Configuring the Control File Autobackup Format
Overriding the Configured Control File Autobackup Format
Configuring RMAN to Make Backups to a Media Manager
Prerequisites for Using a Media Manager with RMAN
Determining the Location of the Media Management Library
Configuring Media Management Software for RMAN Backups
Testing Whether the Media Manager Library Is Integrated Correctly
Testing ALLOCATE CHANNEL on the Media Manager
Testing Backup and Restore Operations on the Media Manager
Configuring SBT Channels for Use with a Media Manager
About Media Manager Backup Piece Names
Configuring Automatic SBT Channels
Configuring the Flash Recovery Area
Overview of the Flash Recovery Area
Oracle Managed Files and Automatic Storage Management
How Oracle Manages Disk Space in the Flash Recovery Area
Enabling the Flash Recovery Area
Considerations When Setting the Size of the Flash Recovery Area
Considerations When Setting the Location of the Flash Recovery Area
Setting the Flash Recovery Area Location and Initial Size
Configuring Locations for Control Files and Redo Logs
Configuring Online Redo Log Locations
Configuring Control File Locations
Configuring Archived Redo Log Locations
Configuring RMAN File Creation in the Flash Recovery Area
Configuring the Backup Retention Policy
Configuring a Redundancy-Based Retention Policy
Configuring a Recovery Window-Based Retention Policy
Disabling the Retention Policy
Configuring Backup Optimization
Overview of Backup Optimization
Effect of Retention Policies on Backup Optimization for SBT Backups
Backup Optimization for SBT Backups with Recovery Window Retention Policy
Backup Optimization for SBT Backups With Redundancy Retention Policy
Configuring Backup Optimization
Configuring an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy
About Archived Redo Log Deletion Policies
When the Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Is Disabled
When the Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Is Enabled
Enabling an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy
Configuring Oracle Flashback Database and Restore Points
About Restore Points and Flashback Database
Flashback Database
Normal Restore Points
Guaranteed Restore Points
Logging for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points
Prerequisites for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points
Enabling Flashback Database
Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
Configuring the Environment for Optimal Flashback Database Performance
Configuring RMAN in a Data Guard Environment
6
Configuring the RMAN Environment: Advanced Topics
Configuring Advanced Channel Options
About Channel Control Options
Configuring Specific Channel Parameters
Configuring Specific Channels: Examples
Relationship Between CONFIGURE CHANNEL and Parallelism Setting
Configuring Advanced Backup Options
Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Sets
Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Pieces
Configuring Backup Duplexing
Configuring Tablespaces for Exclusion from Whole Database Backups
Configuring the Backup Compression Algorithm
Configuring Backup Encryption
About Backup Encryption
Configuring RMAN Backup Encryption Modes
Configuring the Backup Encryption Algorithm
Configuring Auxiliary Instance Datafile Names
Configuring the Snapshot Control File Location
Viewing the Configured Location of the Snapshot Control File
Setting the Location of the Snapshot Control File
Configuring RMAN for Use with a Shared Server
Enabling Lost Write Detection
Part III Backing Up and Archiving Data
7
RMAN Backup Concepts
Consistent and Inconsistent RMAN Backups
Consistent Backups
Inconsistent Backups
Online Backups and Backup Mode
Backup Sets
Backup Sets and Backup Pieces
Compression for Backup Sets
Encryption for Backup Sets
Filenames for Backup Pieces
Number and Size of Backup Pieces
Number and Size of Backup Sets
Multiplexed Backup Sets
Proxy Copies
Image Copies
RMAN-Created Image Copies
User-Managed Image Copies
Multiple Copies of RMAN Backups
Duplexed Backup Sets
Backups of Backups
Backups of Backup Sets
Backups of Image Copies
Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackups
When RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups
How RMAN Performs Control File Autobackups
Incremental Backups
Multilevel Incremental Backups
Differential Incremental Backups
Cumulative Incremental Backups
Block Change Tracking
Incremental Backup Algorithm
Recovery with Incremental Backups
Backup Retention Policies
Recovery Window
Backup Redundancy
Batch Deletes of Obsolete Backups
Backup Retention Policy and Flash Recovery Area Deletion Rules
8
Backing Up the Database
Overview of RMAN Backups
Purpose of RMAN Backups
Basic Concepts of RMAN Backups
Specifying Backup Output Options
Specifying the Device Type for an RMAN Backup
Specifying Backup Set or Copy for an RMAN Backup to Disk
Specifying a Format for RMAN Backups
Specifying Multiple Formats for Disk Backups
Specifying Tags for an RMAN Backup
About Backup Tags
Specifying Tags for Backup Sets and Image Copies
Making Compressed Backups
Backing Up Database Files with RMAN
Making Whole Database Backups with RMAN
Backing Up Tablespaces and Datafiles with RMAN
Backing Up Control Files with RMAN
Making a Manual Backup of the Control File
Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN
Backing Up a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN
About Backups of Archived Redo Logs
Archived Redo Log Failover
Online Redo Log Switching
Backing Up Archived Redo Log Files
Backing Up Only Archived Redo Logs That Need Backups
Deleting Archived Redo Logs After Backups
Making and Updating Incremental Backups
Purpose of Incremental Backups
Planning an Incremental Backup Strategy
Making Incremental Backups
Making Incremental Backups of a VSS Snapshot
Incrementally Updating Backups
Incrementally Updating Backups: Basic Example
Incrementally Updated Backups: Advanced Example
Using Block Change Tracking to Improve Incremental Backup Performance
About Block Change Tracking
Enabling and Disabling Block Change Tracking
Disabling Block Change Tracking
Checking Whether Change Tracking is Enabled
Changing the Location of the Block Change Tracking File
Making Database Backups for Long-Term Storage
Purpose of Archival Backups
Basic Concepts of Archival Backups
Making an Archival Backup for Long-Term Storage
Making an Archival Backup
Making a Temporary Archival Backup
Backing Up RMAN Backups
About Backups of Backups
Multiple Copies of Backup Sets
Effect of a Backup Retention Policy on Backups of Backups
Backing Up Backup Sets with RMAN
Backing Up Image Copy Backups with RMAN
9
Backing Up the Database: Advanced Topics
Limiting the Size of RMAN Backup Sets
About Backup Set Size
Limiting the Size of Backup Sets with BACKUP ... MAXSETSIZE
Dividing the Backup of a Large Datafile into Sections
Using Backup Optimization to Skip Files
Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to a Single Tape: Scenario
Optimizing a Daily Archived Log Backup to Multiple Media Families: Scenario
Creating a Weekly Secondary Backup of Archived Logs: Example
Skipping Offline, Read-Only, and Inaccessible Files
Duplexing Backup Sets
Duplexing Backup Sets with CONFIGURE BACKUP COPIES
Duplexing Backup Sets with BACKUP ... COPIES
Making Split Mirror Backups with RMAN
Encrypting RMAN Backups
About RMAN Backup Encryption Settings
Making Transparent-Mode Encrypted Backups
Making Password-Mode Encrypted Backups
Making Dual-Mode Encrypted Backups
Restarting RMAN Backups
About Restartable Backups
Restarting a Backup After It Partially Completes
Managing Backup Windows
About Backup Windows
Specifying a Backup Duration
Permitting Partial Backups in a Backup Window
Minimizing Backup Load and Duration
Part IV Managing RMAN Backups
10
Reporting on RMAN Operations
Overview of RMAN Reporting
Purpose of RMAN Reporting
Basic Concepts of RMAN Reporting
Reporting in a Data Guard Environment
Listing Backups and Recovery-Related Objects
About the LIST Command
Listing Backups and Copies
Listing Selected Backups and Copies
Listing Database Incarnations
Listing Restore Points
Reporting on Backups and Database Schema
About Reports of RMAN Backups
Reporting on Files Needing a Backup Under a Retention Policy
Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Different Retention Policies
Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Tablespaces and Datafiles
Using REPORT NEED BACKUP with Backups on Tape or Disk Only
Reporting on Datafiles Affected by Unrecoverable Operations
Reporting on Obsolete Backups
Reporting on the Database Schema
Using V$ Views to Query Backup Metadata
Querying Details of Past and Current RMAN Jobs
Determining the Encryption Status of Backup Pieces
Querying Recovery Catalog Views
About Recovery Catalog Views
Unique Identifiers for Registered Databases
Unique Identifiers in a Data Guard Environment
Querying Catalog Views for the Target DB_KEY or DBID Values
Querying RC_BACKUP_FILES
11
Maintaining RMAN Backups and Repository Records
Overview of RMAN Backup and Repository Maintenance
Purpose of Backup and Repository Maintenance
Basic Concepts of Backup and Repository Maintenance
Maintenance Commands and RMAN Repository Metadata
Maintenance Commands in a Data Guard Environment
Maintaining the Control File Repository
About Control File Records
Flash Recovery Area and Control File Records
Preventing the Loss of Control File Records
Protecting the Control File
Maintaining the Flash Recovery Area
Deletion Rules for the Flash Recovery Area
Monitoring Flash Recovery Area Space Usage
Managing Space For Flashback Logs in the Flash Recovery Area
Responding to a Full Flash Recovery Area
Dropping Restore Points
Changing the Flash Recovery Area to a New Location
Disabling the Flash Recovery Area
Responding to an Instance Crash During File Creation
Monitoring Flashback Database Performance Impact
Flashback Writer (RVWR) Behavior With I/O Errors
Updating the RMAN Repository
Crosschecking the RMAN Repository
About RMAN Crosschecks
Crosschecking All Backups and Copies
Crosschecking Specific Backup Sets and Copies
Changing the Repository Status of Backups and Copies
Updating a Backup to Status AVAILABLE or UNAVAILABLE
Changing the Status of an Archival Backup
Adding Backup Records to the RMAN Repository
About Cataloging Operations
Cataloging User-Managed Datafile Copies
Cataloging Backup Pieces
Cataloging All Files in a Disk Location
Removing Records from the RMAN Repository
About Uncataloging Operations
Removing Records for Files Deleted with Operating System Utilities
Deleting RMAN Backups and Archived Redo Logs
Overview of RMAN Deletion
RMAN Deletion Commands
Deletion of Archived Redo Logs
Deleting All Backups and Copies
Deleting Specified Backups and Copies
Deleting Specified Backups and Copies
Deleting Specified Files with BACKUP ... DELETE
Deleting Expired RMAN Backups and Copies
Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Based on Retention Policies
DELETE OBSOLETE Behavior When KEEP UNTIL TIME Expires
Dropping a Database
12
Managing a Recovery Catalog
Overview of the Recovery Catalog
Purpose of the Recovery Catalog
Basic Concepts for the Recovery Catalog
Database Registration
Centralization of Metadata in a Base Recovery Catalog
Recovery Catalog Resynchronization
Stored Scripts
Recovery Catalog in a Data Guard Environment
Basic Steps of Managing a Recovery Catalog
Creating a Recovery Catalog
Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database
Planning the Size of the Recovery Catalog Schema
Allocating Disk Space for the Recovery Catalog Database
Creating the Recovery Catalog Schema Owner
Executing the CREATE CATALOG Command
Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog
About Registration of a Database in the Recovery Catalog
About Standby Database Registration
Registering a Database with the REGISTER DATABASE Command
Cataloging Backups in the Recovery Catalog
Creating and Managing Virtual Private Catalogs
About Virtual Private Catalogs
Creating and Granting Privileges to a Virtual Private Catalog Owner
Creating a Virtual Private Catalog
Revoking Privileges from a Virtual Private Catalog Owner
Dropping a Virtual Private Catalog
Protecting the Recovery Catalog
Backing Up the Recovery Catalog
Backing Up the Recovery Catalog Frequently
Choosing the Appropriate Technique for Physical Backups
Separating the Recovery Catalog from the Target Database
Exporting the Recovery Catalog Data for Logical Backups
Recovering the Recovery Catalog
Managing Stored Scripts
About Stored Scripts
Creating Stored Scripts
Replacing Stored Scripts
Executing Stored Scripts
Creating and Executing Dynamic Stored Scripts
Printing Stored Scripts
Listing Stored Script Names
Deleting Stored Scripts
Executing a Stored Script at RMAN Startup
Maintaining a Recovery Catalog
About Recovery Catalog Maintenance
Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog
About Resynchronization of the Recovery Catalog
Deciding When to Resynchronize the Recovery Catalog
Manually Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog
Updating the Recovery Catalog After Changing a DB_UNIQUE_NAME
Unregistering a Target Database from the Recovery Catalog
Unregistering a Target Database When Not in a Data Guard Environment
Unregistering a Standby Database
Resetting the Database Incarnation in the Recovery Catalog
Upgrading the Recovery Catalog
About Recovery Catalog Upgrades
Determining the Schema Version of the Recovery Catalog
Using the UPGRADE CATALOG Command
Importing and Moving a Recovery Catalog
About Recovery Catalog Imports
Prerequisites for Importing a Recovery Catalog
Importing a Recovery Catalog
Moving a Recovery Catalog
Dropping a Recovery Catalog
Part V Diagnosing and Responding to Failures
13
RMAN Data Repair Concepts
Overview of RMAN Data Repair
Problems Requiring Data Repair
User Errors
Application Errors
Media Failures
RMAN Data Repair Techniques
RMAN Restore Operations
Backup Selection
Restore Failover
Restore Optimization
RMAN Media Recovery
Selection of Incremental Backups and Archived Redo Logs
Database Incarnations
OPEN RESETLOGS Operations
Relationship Among Database Incarnations
Orphaned Backups
14
Diagnosing and Repairing Failures with Data Recovery Advisor
Overview of Data Recovery Advisor
Purpose of Data Recovery Advisor
Basic Concepts of Data Recovery Advisor
User Interfaces to Data Recovery Advisor
Data Integrity Checks
Failures
Manual Actions and Automatic Repair Options
Supported Database Configurations
Basic Steps of Diagnosing and Repairing Failures
Listing Failures
Listing All Failures
Listing a Subset of Failures
Checking for Block Corruptions by Validating the Database
Determining Repair Options
Determining Repair Options for All Failures
Determining Repair Options for a Subset of Failures
Repairing Failures
About Repairing Failures
Repairing a Failure
Changing Failure Status and Priority
15
Validating Database Files and Backups
Overview of RMAN Validation
Purpose of RMAN Validation
Basic Concepts of RMAN Validation
Checksums and Corrupt Blocks
Physical and Logical Block Corruption
Limits for Corrupt Blocks in RMAN Backups
Detection of Block Corruption
Checking for Block Corruption with the VALIDATE Command
Parallelizing the Validation of a Datafile
Validating Database Files with BACKUP VALIDATE
Validating Backups Before Restoring Them
16
Performing Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Overview of Flashback Technology and Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Purpose of Flashback and Database Point-in-Time-Recovery
Basic Concepts of Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features
Basic Concepts of Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Basic Concepts of Oracle Flashback Technology
Rewinding a Table with Flashback Table
Prerequisites for Flashback Table
Performing a Flashback Table Operation
Keeping Triggers Enabled During Flashback Table
Rewinding a DROP TABLE Operation with Flashback Drop
About Flashback Drop
Prerequisites of Flashback Drop
Performing a Flashback Drop Operation
Retrieving Objects When Multiple Objects Share the Same Original Name
Rewinding a Database with Flashback Database
Prerequisites of Flashback Database
Performing a Flashback Database Operation
Performing Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Prerequisites of Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Performing Database Point-in-Time Recovery
Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery Scenarios
Rewinding an OPEN RESETLOGS Operation with Flashback Database
Undoing an OPEN RESETLOGS on Standby Databases with Flashback Database
Rewinding the Database to an SCN in an Abandoned Incarnation Branch
Recovering the Database to an Ancestor Incarnation
17
Performing Complete Database Recovery
Overview of Complete Database Recovery
Purpose of Complete Database Recovery
Scope of This Chapter
Preparing for Complete Database Recovery
Identifying the Database Files to Restore or Recover
Identifying a Lost Control File
Identifying Datafiles Requiring Media Recovery
Determining the DBID of the Database
Previewing Backups Used in Restore Operations
Recalling Offsite Backups
Validating Backups Before Restoring Them
Restoring Archived Redo Logs Needed for Recovery
Restoring Archived Redo Logs to a New Location
Restoring Archived Redo Logs to Multiple Locations
Performing Complete Database Recovery
About Complete Database Recovery
Restoring Datafiles to a Nondefault Location
Decryption of Backups
Performing Complete Recovery of the Whole Database
Performing Complete Recovery of a Tablespace
Performing Complete Recovery After Switching to a Copy
Switching to a Datafile Copy
Switching to a Database Copy
18
Performing Block Media Recovery
Overview of Block Media Recovery
Purpose of Block Media Recovery
Basic Concepts of Block Media Recovery
Identification of Corrupt Blocks
Missing Redo During Block Recovery
Prerequisites for Block Media Recovery
Recovering Individual Blocks
Recovering All Blocks in V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION
19
Performing RMAN Recovery: Advanced Scenarios
Recovering a NOARCHIVELOG Database with Incremental Backups
Restoring the Server Parameter File
Restoring the Server Parameter File from a Control File Autobackup
Creating an Initialization Parameter File with RMAN
Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File
About Recovery with a Backup Control File
Control File Locations
Recovery With and Without a Recovery Catalog
Recovery When Using a Flash Recovery Area
Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File and No Recovery Catalog
Performing Disaster Recovery
Prerequisites of Disaster Recovery
Recovering the Database After a Disaster
Restoring a Database on a New Host
Preparing to Restore a Database on a New Host
Restoring Disk Backups to a New Host
Testing the Restore of a Database on a New Host
20
Performing RMAN Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery (TSPITR)
Overview of RMAN TSPITR
Purpose of RMAN TSPTIR
Basic Concepts of RMAN TSPITR
Basic Steps of RMAN TSPITR
Prerequisites and Consequences of TSPITR
Consequences of TSPITR
Special Considerations When Not Using a Recovery Catalog
Planning and Preparing for TSPITR
Choosing the Right Target Time for TSPITR
Determining the Recovery Set
Identifying and Resolving Dependencies on the Primary Database
Identifying and Preserving Objects That Will Be Lost After TSPITR
Performing Fully Automated RMAN TSPITR
Performing Customized RMAN TSPITR with an RMAN-Managed Auxiliary Instance
Renaming Oracle Managed Files in TSPITR
Renaming TSPITR Recovery Set Datafiles with SET NEWNAME
Naming TSPITR Auxiliary Set Datafiles
Using SET NEWNAME to Name Auxiliary Set Datafiles
Using DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT to Name Auxiliary Set Datafiles
Using Image Copies for Faster RMAN TSPITR Performance
Using CONFIGURE AUXNAME with Recovery Set Image Copies
Using SET NEWNAME and CONFIGURE AUXNAME with Auxiliary Set Image Copies
Performing TSPITR with CONFIGURE AUXNAME and Image Copies: Scenario
Customizing Initialization Parameters for the Automatic Auxiliary Instance in TSPITR
Specifying the Auxiliary Instance Control File Location in TSPITR
Specifying the Auxiliary Instance Online Log Location in TSPITR
Performing RMAN TSPITR Using Your Own Auxiliary Instance
Preparing Your Own Auxiliary Instance for RMAN TSPITR
Step 1: Create an Oracle Password File for the Auxiliary Instance
Step 2: Create an Initialization Parameter File for the Auxiliary Instance
Step 3: Check Oracle Net Connectivity to the Auxiliary Instance
Preparing RMAN Commands for TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance
Planning Channels for TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance
Planning Datafile Names with Your Own Auxiliary Instance: SET NEWNAME
Executing TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance
Step 1: Start the Auxiliary Instance in NOMOUNT Mode
Step 2: Connect the RMAN Client to Target and Auxiliary Instances
Step 3: Execute the RECOVER TABLESPACE Command
Performing TSPITR with Your Own Auxiliary Instance: Scenario
Troubleshooting RMAN TSPITR
Troubleshooting Filename Conflicts
Troubleshooting Identification of Tablespaces with Undo Segments
Troubleshooting the Restart of a Manual Auxiliary Instance After TSPITR Failure
Part VI Tuning and Troubleshooting
21
Tuning RMAN Performance
Purpose of RMAN Performance Tuning
Basic Concepts of RMAN Performance Tuning
Read Phase
Allocation of Input Disk Buffers
Synchronous and Asynchronous Disk I/O
Disk I/O Slaves
RATE Channel Parameter
Copy Phase
Write Phase for SBT
RMAN Component of Write Phase for SBT
Media Manager Component of Write Phase for SBT
Write Phase for Disk
Using V$ Views to Diagnose RMAN Performance Problems
Monitoring RMAN Job Progress with V$SESSION_LONGOPS
Identifying Bottlenecks with V$BACKUP_SYNC_IO and V$BACKUP_ASYNC_IO
Identifying Bottlenecks with Synchronous I/O
Identifying Bottlenecks with Asynchronous I/O
Tuning RMAN Backup Performance
Step 1: Remove the RATE Parameter from Channel Settings
Step 2: If You Use Synchronous Disk I/O, Set DBWR_IO_SLAVES
Step 3: If You Fail to Allocate Shared Memory, Set LARGE_POOL_SIZE
Step 4: Tune the Read, Write, and Copy Phases
Using Backup Validation To Distinguish Between Read and Write Bottlenecks
Tuning the Read Phase
Tuning the Copy and Write Phases
22
Troubleshooting RMAN Operations
Interpreting RMAN Message Output
Identifying Types of Message Output
Recognizing RMAN Error Message Stacks
Identifying Error Codes
RMAN Error Message Numbers
ORA-19511: Media Manager Errors
Interpreting RMAN Error Stacks
Interpreting RMAN Errors: Example
Interpreting Server Errors: Example
Interpreting SBT 2.0 Media Management Errors: Example
Interpreting SBT 1.1 Media Management Errors: Example
Identifying RMAN Return Codes
Using V$ Views for RMAN Troubleshooting
Monitoring RMAN Interaction with the Media Manager
Correlating Server Sessions with RMAN Channels
Matching Server Sessions with Channels When One RMAN Session Is Active
Matching Server Sessions with Channels in Multiple RMAN Sessions
Testing the Media Management API
Obtaining the sbttest Utility
Obtaining Online Documentation for the sbttest Utility
Using the sbttest Utility
Terminating an RMAN Command
Terminating the Session with ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
Terminating the Session at the Operating System Level
Terminating an RMAN Session That Is Hung in the Media Manager
Components of an RMAN Session
Process Behavior During a Hung Job
Terminating an RMAN Session: Basic Steps
Part VII Transferring Data with RMAN
23
Duplicating a Database
Overview of RMAN Database Duplication
Purpose of Database Duplication
Basic Concepts of Database Duplication
Basic Steps of Database Duplication
Making Backups and Archived Logs Accessible to the Duplicate Instance
Making SBT Backups Accessible to the Duplicate Instance
Making Disk Backups Accessible to the Duplicate Instance
Making Disk Backups Accessible Without Using Shared Disk
Making Disk Backups Accessible Using Shared Disk
Choosing a Strategy for Naming Duplicate Files
Preparing the Auxiliary Instance
Step 1: Create an Oracle Password File for the Auxiliary Instance
Step 2: Establish Oracle Net Connectivity to the Auxiliary Instance
Step 3: Create an Initialization Parameter File for the Auxiliary Instance
Step 4: Start the Auxiliary Instance with SQL*Plus
Starting and Configuring RMAN Before Duplication
Step 1: Start RMAN and Connect to the Database Instances
Step 2: Mount or Open the Source Database
Step 3: Configure RMAN Channels for Use in the Duplication
Duplicating a Database
Duplicating a Database to a Remote Host with the Same Directory Structure
Duplicating a Database to a Remote Host with a Different Directory Structure
Creating a Duplicate Database on the Local Host
Duplicating a Database with Oracle Managed Files or Automatic Storage Management
Setting Initialization Parameters for Oracle Managed Files
Setting Initialization Parameters for ASM
Naming Duplicate Files with Alternative Techniques
Naming Duplicate Control Files
Naming Duplicate Online Redo Log Files
Naming Duplicate Datafiles
Naming Duplicate Tempfiles
RMAN Duplication Scenarios
Duplicating a Subset of the Source Database Tablespaces
Excluding Read-Only Tablespaces
Excluding OFFLINE NORMAL Tablespaces
Including and Excluding Specified Tablespaces
Using DUPLICATE to Restore an Archival Backup
Using SET NEWNAME to Name Duplicate Files
Using SET NEWNAME to Name Oracle-Managed Files
Using CONFIGURE AUXNAME to Name Duplicate Files
24
Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
Overview of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
Purpose of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
Basic Concepts of Transportable Tablespace Sets
Basic Steps of Creating Transportable Tablespace Sets
Customizing Initialization Parameters for the Auxiliary Instance
Setting Initialization Parameters for the Auxiliary Instance
Setting the Location of the Auxiliary Instance Parameter File
Creating a Transportable Tablespace Set
Troubleshooting Creation of Transportable Tablespace Sets
Transportable Tablespace Set Scenarios
Creating a Transportable Tablespace Set at a Specified Time or SCN
Specifying Locations for Data Pump Files
Specifying Auxiliary File Locations
Using SET NEWNAME for Auxiliary Datafiles
Using CONFIGURE AUXNAME for Auxiliary Datafiles
Using AUXILIARY DESTINATION to Specify a Location for Auxiliary Files
Using Initialization Parameters to Name Auxiliary Files
25
Transporting Data Across Platforms
Overview of Cross-Platform Data Transportation
Purpose of Cross-Platform Data Transportation
Basic Concepts of Cross-Platform Data Transportation
Tablespace and Datafile Conversion
Database Conversion
Performing Cross-Platform Tablespace Conversion on the Source Host
Performing Cross-Platform Datafile Conversion on the Destination Host
About Cross-Platform Datafile Conversion on the Destination Host
Using CONVERT DATAFILE to Convert Datafile Formats
Checking the Database Before Cross-Platform Database Conversion
Converting Datafiles on the Source Host When Transporting a Database
Converting Datafiles on the Destination Host When Transporting the Database
Performing Preliminary Datafile Conversion Steps on the Source Host
Converting Datafiles on the Destination Host
26
Performing ASM Data Migration
Overview of ASM Data Migration
Purpose of ASM Data Migration
Basic Concepts of ASM Data Migration
Basics Steps of Data Migration to ASM
Preparing to Migrate the Database to ASM
Migrating the Database to ASM
Migrating a Database from ASM to Alternative Storage
Moving Datafiles Between ASM Disk Groups
Part VIII Performing User-Managed Backup and Recovery
27
Making User-Managed Database Backups
Querying V$ Views to Obtain Backup Information
Listing Database Files Before a Backup
Determining Datafile Status for Online Tablespace Backups
Making User-Managed Backups of the Whole Database
Making Consistent Whole Database Backups
Making User-Managed Backups of Tablespaces and Datafiles
Making User-Managed Backups of Offline Tablespaces and Datafiles
Making User-Managed Backups of Online Tablespaces and Datafiles
Making User-Managed Backups of Online Read/Write Tablespaces
Making Multiple User-Managed Backups of Online Read/Write Tablespaces
Ending a Backup After an Instance Failure or SHUTDOWN ABORT
Making User-Managed Backups of Read-Only Tablespaces
Making User-Managed Backups of the Control File
Backing Up the Control File to a Binary File
Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File
Making User-Managed Backups of Archived Redo Logs
Making User-Managed Backups in SUSPEND Mode
About the Suspend/Resume Feature
Making Backups in a Suspended Database
Making User-Managed Backups to Raw Devices
Backing Up to Raw Devices on Linux and UNIX
Backing Up with the dd utility on Linux and UNIX: Examples
Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows
Backing Up with OCOPY: Example
Specifying the -b and -r Options for OCOPY: Example
Making Backups with the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)
Verifying User-Managed Datafile Backups
Testing the Restore of Datafile Backups
Running the DBVERIFY Utility
28
Performing User-Managed Database Flashback and Recovery
Performing Flashback Database with SQL*Plus
Overview of User-Managed Media Recovery
About User-Managed Restore and Recovery
Automatic Recovery with the RECOVER Command
Automatic Recovery with SET AUTORECOVERY
Automatic Recovery with the AUTOMATIC Option of the RECOVER Command
Recovery When Archived Logs Are in the Default Location
Recovery When Archived Logs Are in a Nondefault Location
Resetting the Archived Log Destination
Overriding the Archived Log Destination
Recovery Cancellation
Parallel Media Recovery
Performing Complete Database Recovery
Performing Closed Database Recovery
Performing Open Database Recovery
Performing Incomplete Database Recovery
Performing Cancel-Based Incomplete Recovery
Performing Time-Based or Change-Based Incomplete Recovery
Recovering a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
Troubleshooting Media Recovery
About User-Managed Media Recovery Problems
Investigating the Media Recovery Problem: Phase 1
Trying to Fix the Recovery Problem Without Corrupting Blocks: Phase 2
Deciding Whether to Allow Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 3
Allowing Recovery to Corrupt Blocks: Phase 4
Performing Trial Recovery
How Trial Recovery Works
Executing the RECOVER ... TEST Statement
29
Performing User-Managed Recovery: Advanced Scenarios
Responding to the Loss of a Subset of the Current Control Files
Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Default Location
Copying a Multiplexed Control File to a Nondefault Location
Recovering After Loss of All Current Control Files
Recovering with a Backup Control File in the Default Location
Recovering with a Backup Control File in a Nondefault Location
Recovering Through an Added Datafile with a Backup Control File
Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces with a Backup Control File
Re-Creating a Control File
Recovering Through a RESETLOGS with a Created Control File
Recovery of Read-Only Files with a Re-Created Control File
Re-Creating Datafiles When Backups Are Unavailable
Recovering NOLOGGING Tables and Indexes
Recovering Transportable Tablespaces
Recovering After the Loss of Online Redo Log Files
Recovering After Losing a Member of a Multiplexed Online Redo Log Group
Recovering After the Loss of All Members of an Online Redo Log Group
Losing an Inactive Online Redo Log Group
Losing an Active Online Redo Log Group
Loss of Multiple Redo Log Groups
Recovering from a Dropped Table Without Using Flashback Features
Dropping a Database with SQL*Plus
Glossary
Index
Scripting on this page enhances content navigation, but does not change the content in any way.