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Solaris Volume Manager Administration Guide
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Preface
Chapter 1 Getting Started with Solaris Volume Manager
Getting Started With Solaris Volume Manager
Solaris Volume Manager Roadmap—Storage Capacity
Solaris Volume Manager Roadmap—Availability
Solaris Volume Manager Roadmap—I/O Performance
Solaris Volume Manager Roadmap—Administration
Solaris Volume Manager Roadmap—Troubleshooting
Chapter 2 Storage Management Concepts
Introduction to Storage Management
Storage Hardware
RAID Levels
Configuration Planning Guidelines
Choosing Storage Mechanisms
Performance Issues
General Performance Guidelines
Optimizing for Random I/O and Sequential I/O
Random I/O
Sequential Access I/O
Chapter 3 Solaris Volume Manager Overview
What Does Solaris Volume Manager Do?
How Does Solaris Volume Manager Manage Storage?
How to Interact With Solaris Volume Manager
How to Access the Solaris Volume Manager Graphical User Interface
Solaris Volume Manager Requirements
Overview of Solaris Volume Manager Components
Volumes
Classes of Volumes
How Are Volumes Used?
Example—Volume That Consists of Two Slices
Volume and Disk Space Expansion
The growfs Command
Volume Names
Volume Name Requirements
Volume Name Guidelines
State Database and State Database Replicas
Hot Spare Pools
Disk Sets
Solaris Volume Manager Configuration Guidelines
General Guidelines
File System Guidelines
Overview of Creating Solaris Volume Manager Elements
Prerequisites for Creating Solaris Volume Manager Elements
Chapter 4 Configuring and Using Solaris Volume Manager (Scenario)
Background
Hardware Configuration
Storage Configuration
Complete Solaris Volume Manager Configuration
Chapter 5 State Database (Overview)
About the Solaris Volume Manager State Database and Replicas
Understanding the Majority Consensus Algorithm
Background Information for Defining State Database Replicas
Recommendations for State Database Replicas
Guidelines for State Database Replicas
Handling State Database Replica Errors
Scenario—State Database Replicas
Chapter 6 State Database (Tasks)
State Database Replicas (Task Map)
Creating State Database Replicas
How to Create State Database Replicas
Example—Creating the First State Database Replica
Example—Adding Two State Database Replicas to the Same Slice
Example—Adding State Database Replicas of Specific Size
Maintaining State Database Replicas
How to Check the Status of State Database Replicas
Example—Checking the Status of All State Database Replicas
How to Delete State Database Replicas
Example—Deleting State Database Replicas
Chapter 7 RAID 0 (Stripe and Concatenation) Volumes (Overview)
Overview of RAID 0 Volumes
RAID 0 (Stripe) Volume
Interlace Values for Stripes
Scenario—RAID 0 (Stripe) Volume
RAID 0 (Concatenation) Volume
Scenario—RAID 0 (Concatenation)
RAID 0 (Concatenated Stripe) Volume
Example—RAID 0 (Concatenated Stripe) Volume
Background Information for Creating RAID 0 Volumes
Requirements for Stripes and Concatenations
Guidelines for Stripes and Concatenations
Scenario—RAID 0 Volumes
Chapter 8 RAID 0 (Stripe and Concatenation) Volumes (Tasks)
RAID 0 Volumes (Task Map)
Creating RAID 0 (Stripe) Volumes
How to Create a RAID 0 (Stripe) Volume
Example—Creating a Stripe of Three Slices
Example—Creating a RAID 0 (Stripe) Volume of Two Slices With a 32–Kbyte Interlace Value
Where to Go From Here
Creating RAID 0 (Concatenation) Volumes
How to Create a RAID 0 (Concatenation) Volume
Example—Creating a Concatenation of One Slice
Example—Creating a Concatenation of Four Slices
Where to Go From Here
Expanding Storage Space
How to Expand Space for Existing Data
Example—Expanding a File System By Creating a Concatenation
Where to Go From Here
How to Expand an Existing RAID 0 Volume
Example—Creating a Concatenated Stripe By Attaching a Single Slice
Example—Creating a Concatenated Stripe By Adding Several Slices
Where To Go From Here
Removing a Volume
How to Remove a Volume
Example—Removing a Concatenation
Chapter 9 RAID 1 (Mirror) Volumes (Overview)
Overview of RAID 1 (Mirror) Volumes
Overview of Submirrors
Scenario—RAID 1 (Mirror) Volume
Providing RAID 1+0 and RAID 0+1
Frequently Asked Questions About RAID 1 (Mirror) Volumes
RAID 1 Volume Configuration Guidelines
RAID 1 Volume Options
RAID 1 Volume Read and Write Policies
RAID 1 Volume (Mirror) Resynchronization
Full Resynchronization
Optimized Resynchronization
Partial Resynchronization
Pass Number
Background Information for RAID 1 Volumes
Background Information for Creating RAID 1 Volumes
Background Information for Changing RAID 1 Volume Options
How Booting Into Single-User Mode Affects RAID 1 Volumes
Scenario—RAID 1 Volumes (Mirrors)
Chapter 10 RAID 1 (Mirror) Volumes (Tasks)
RAID 1 Volumes (Task Map)
Creating a RAID 1 Volume
How to Create a RAID 1 Volume From Unused Slices
Example—Creating a Two-Way Mirror
Example—Creating a Two-Way Mirror Without Resynchronization
Where to Go From Here
How to Create a RAID 1 Volume From a File System
Example—Creating a Two-Way Mirror (Unmountable File System)
Example—Creating a Mirror From root (/)
Example—Creating a Two-way Mirror (File System That Cannot Be Unmounted—/usr)
Example—Creating a Mirror From swap
Mirroring root (/) Special Considerations
Understanding Boot Time Warnings
How to Record the Path to the Alternate Boot Device
SPARC: Example—Recording the Alternate Boot Device Path
x86: Example—Recording the Alternate Boot Device Path
Booting From Alternate Boot Devices
Working with Submirrors
How to Attach a Submirror
Example—Attaching a Submirror
How to Detach a Submirror
Example—Detaching a Submirror
How to Place a Submirror Offline and Online
Example—Placing a Submirror Offline
Example—Placing a Submirror Online
How to Enable a Slice in a Submirror
Example—Enabling a Slice in a Submirror
Maintaining RAID 1 Volumes
How to Check the Status of Mirrors and Submirrors
Example—Checking Status of RAID 1 Volumes
How to Change RAID 1 Volume Options
Example—Changing a RAID 1 Volume's Read Policy
Example—Changing a RAID 1 Volume's Write Policy
Example—Changing a RAID 1 Volume's Pass Number
How to Expand a RAID 1 Volume
Example—Expanding a Two-Way Mirror That Contains a Mounted File System
Where to Go From Here
Responding to RAID 1 Volume Component Failures
How to Replace a Slice in a Submirror
Example—Replacing a Failed Slice in a Mirror
How to Replace a Submirror
Example—Replacing a Submirror in a Mirror
Removing RAID 1 Volumes (Unmirroring)
How to Unmirror a File System
Example—Unmirroring the /opt File System
How to Unmirror a File System That Cannot Be Unmounted
Example—Unmirroring root (/)
Example—Unmirroring swap
Using a Mirror to Back Up Data
How to Use a RAID 1 Volume to Make an Online Backup
Example—Using a Mirror to Make an Online Backup
Chapter 11 Soft Partitions (Overview)
Overview of Soft Partitions
Background Information About Soft Partitions
Requirements for Soft Partitions
Guidelines for Soft Partitions
Scenario—Soft Partitions
Chapter 12 Soft Partitions (Tasks)
Soft Partitions (Task Map)
Creating Soft Partitions
How to Create a Soft Partition
Example—Creating a Soft Partition
Example—Taking a Whole Disk for Soft Partitions
Maintaining Soft Partitions
How to Check the Status of a Soft Partition
Example—Checking the Status of a Soft Partition
How to Expand a Soft Partition
Example—Expanding a Soft Partition
How to Remove a Soft Partition
Example—Removing a Soft Partition
Chapter 13 RAID 5 Volumes (Overview)
Overview of RAID 5 Volumes
Example—RAID 5 Volume
Example—Concatenated (Expanded) RAID 5 Volume
Background Information for Creating RAID 5 Volumes
Requirements for RAID 5 Volumes
Guidelines for RAID 5 Volumes
Overview of Replacing and Enabling Slices in RAID 5 Volumes
Scenario—RAID 5 Volumes
Chapter 14 RAID 5 Volumes (Tasks)
RAID 5 Volumes (Task Map)
Creating RAID 5 Volumes
How to Create a RAID 5 Volume
Example—Creating a RAID 5 Volume of Three Slices
Where to Go From Here
Maintaining RAID 5 Volumes
How to Check the Status of RAID 5 Volumes
Example—Viewing RAID 5 Volume Status
RAID 5 Volume Status Information
How to Expand a RAID 5 Volume
Example—Adding a Component to a RAID 5 Volume
Where to Go From Here
How to Enable a Component in a RAID 5 Volume
Example—Enabling a Component in a RAID 5 Volume
How to Replace a Component in a RAID 5 Volume
Example—Replacing a RAID 5 Component
Chapter 15 Hot Spare Pools (Overview)
Overview of Hot Spares and Hot Spare Pools
Hot Spares
How Hot Spares Work
Hot Spare Pools
Example—Hot Spare Pool
Administering Hot Spare Pools
Scenario—Hot Spares
Chapter 16 Hot Spare Pools (Tasks)
Hot Spare Pools (Task Map)
Creating a Hot Spare Pool
How to Create a Hot Spare Pool
Example—Creating a Hot Spare Pool
Where to Go From Here
How to Add Additional Slices to a Hot Spare Pool
Example—Adding a Hot Spare Slice to One Hot Spare Pool
Example—Adding a Hot Spare Slice to All Hot Spare Pools
Associating a Hot Spare Pool With Volumes
How to Associate a Hot Spare Pool With a Volume
Example—Associating a Hot Spare Pool With Submirrors
Example—Associating a Hot Spare Pool With a RAID 5 Volume
How to Change the Associated Hot Spare Pool
Example—Changing the Hot Spare Pool Association
Example—Removing the Hot Spare Pool Association
Maintaining Hot Spare Pools
How to Check Status of Hot Spares and Hot Spare Pools
Example—Viewing Hot Spare Pool Status
Hot Spare Pool States
How to Replace a Hot Spare in a Hot Spare Pool
Example—Replacing a Hot Spare in One Hot Spare Pool
Example—Replacing a Hot Spare in All Associated Hot Spare Pools
How to Delete a Hot Spare from a Hot Spare Pool
Example—Deleting a Hot Spare from One Hot Spare Pool
How to Enable a Hot Spare
Example—Enabling a Hot Spare
Chapter 17 Transactional Volumes (Overview)
About File System Logging
Choosing a Logging Method
Transactional Volumes
Example—Transactional Volume
Example—Shared Log Device
Background Information for Transactional Volumes
Requirements for Working with Transactional Volumes
Guidelines for Working with Transactional Volumes
Scenario—Transactional Volumes
Chapter 18 Transactional Volumes (Tasks)
Transactional Volumes (Task Map)
Creating Transactional Volumes
How to Create a Transactional Volume
Example—Creating a Transactional Volume for a Slice
Example—Creating a Transactional Volume for /usr
Example—Creating a Transactional Volume for a Logical Volume
Converting Transactional Volumes to UFS Logging
How to Convert a Transactional Volume to UFS Logging
Example—Converting From Transactional Volumes to UFS Logging
Maintaining Transactional Volumes
How to Check the State of Transactional Volumes
Example—Checking the Status of Transactional Volumes
How to Attach a Log Device to a Transactional Volume
Example—Attaching a Log Device to a Transactional Volume
How to Detach a Log Device from a Transactional Volume
Example—Detaching a Log Device from a Transactional Volume
How to Expand a Transactional Volume
Example—Expanding a RAID 1 Master Device Within a Transactional Volume
Where to Go From Here
How to Remove a Transactional Volume
Example—Removing a Transactional Volume
How to Remove a Transactional Volume and Retain the Mount Device
Example—Removing a Transactional Volume While Retaining the Mount Device
Sharing Log Devices
How to Share a Log Device Among File Systems
Example—Sharing a Logging Device
Recovering Transactional Volumes When Errors Occur
How to Recover a Transactional Volume With a Panic
Example—Recovering a Transactional Volume
How to Recover a Transactional Volume With Hard Errors
Example—Logging Device Error
Chapter 19 Disk Sets (Overview)
What Do Disk Sets Do?
How Does Solaris Volume Manager Manage Disk Sets?
Automatic Disk Partitioning
Disk Set Name Requirements
Example—Two Shared Disk Sets
Background Information for Disk Sets
Requirements for Disk Sets
Guidelines for Disk Sets
Administering Disk Sets
Reserving a Disk Set
Releasing a Disk Set
Scenario—Disk Sets
Chapter 20 Disk Sets (Tasks)
Disk Sets (Task Map)
Creating Disk Sets
How to Create a Disk Set
Example—Creating a Disk Set
Expanding Disk Sets
How to Add Drives to a Disk Set
Example—Adding a Drive to a Disk Set
How to Add a Host to a Disk Set
Example—Adding Another Host to a Disk Set
How to Create Solaris Volume Manager Components in a Disk Set
Example—Creating Solaris Volume Manager Volumes in a Disk Set
Maintaining Disk Sets
How to Check the Status of a Disk Set
Example—Checking the Status of a Specified Disk Set
How to Remove Disks from a Disk Set
Example—Deleting a Disk from a Disk Set
How to Take a Disk Set
Example—Taking a Disk Set
Example—Taking a Disk Set Forcibly
How to Release a Disk Set
Example—Releasing a Disk Set
How to Delete a Host or Disk Set
Example—Deleting the Last Host from a Disk Set
Chapter 21 Maintaining Solaris Volume Manager (Tasks)
Solaris Volume Manager Maintenance (Task Map)
Viewing the Solaris Volume Manager Configuration
How to View the Solaris Volume Manager Volume Configuration
Example—Viewing the Solaris Volume Manager Volume Configuration
Renaming Volumes
Background Information for Renaming Volumes
Exchanging Volume Names
How to Rename a Volume
Example—Renaming a Volume Used for a File System
Working with Configuration Files
How to Create Configuration Files
How to Initialize Solaris Volume Manager from a Configuration File
Changing Solaris Volume Manager Defaults
How to Increase the Number of Default Volumes
Example—md.conf File
How to Increase the Number of Default Disk Sets
Example—md.conf File
Growing a File System
Background Information for Expanding Slices and Volumes
How to Grow a File System
Example—Growing a File System
Overview of Replacing and Enabling Components in RAID 1 and RAID 5 Volumes
Enabling a Component
Replacing a Component With Another Available Component
Maintenance and Last Erred States
Background Information For Replacing and Enabling Slices in Mirrors and RAID 5 Volumes
Chapter 22 Best Practices for Solaris Volume Manager
Deploying Small Servers
Using Solaris Volume Manager With Networked Storage Devices
Chapter 23 Monitoring and Error Reporting (Tasks)
Solaris Volume Manager Monitoring and Reporting (Task Map)
Setting the mdmonitord Command for Periodic Error Checking
Solaris Volume Manager SNMP Agent Overview
Configuring the Solaris Volume Manager SNMP Agent
Solaris Volume Manager SNMP Agent Limitations
Monitoring Solaris Volume Manager with a cron Job
How to Automate Checking for Errors in Volumes
Chapter 24 Troubleshooting Solaris Volume Manager
Troubleshooting Solaris Volume Manager (Task Map)
Overview of Troubleshooting the System
Prerequisites for Troubleshooting the System
General Guidelines for Troubleshooting Solaris Volume Manager
General Troubleshooting Approach
Replacing Disks
How to Replace a Failed Disk
Recovering from Disk Movement Problems
Disk Movement and Device ID Overview
Resolving Unnamed Devices Error Message
Boot Problems
Background Information for Boot Problems
How to Recover From Improper /etc/vfstab Entries
Example—Recovering the root (/) Mirror
How to Recover From a Boot Device Failure
Recovering From State Database Replica Failures
How to Recover From Insufficient State Database Replicas
Example—Recovering From Stale State Database Replicas
Repairing Transactional Volumes
Panics
Transactional Volume Errors
Recovering From Soft Partition Problems
How to Recover Configuration Data for a Soft Partition
Example—Recovering Soft Partitions from On-Disk Extent Headers
Recovering Configuration From a Different System
How to Recover a Configuration
Appendix A Important Solaris Volume Manager Files
System Files and Startup Files
Manually Configured Files
Overview of the md.tab File
Appendix B Solaris Volume Manager Quick Reference
Command Line Reference
Appendix C Solaris Volume Manager CIM/WBEM API
Managing Solaris Volume Manager
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