Los ejemplos siguientes ilustran las reglas de filtrado de paquetes que se aplican a un solo host, un servidor y un enrutador.
Los archivos de configuración siguen reglas de sintaxis de UNIX estándar:
El signo # indica que una línea contiene comentarios.
Los comentarios y las reglas pueden coexistir en la misma línea.
También se permite agregar espacios en blanco para facilitar la lectura de las reglas.
Las reglas pueden ocupar más de una línea. La barra diagonal inversa (\) al final de una línea indica que la regla continúa en la línea siguiente.
Para obtener información más detallada sobre la sintaxis, consulte Configuración de reglas de filtros de paquetes.
Ejemplo 5-20 Configuración de host del filtro IPEn este ejemplo, se muestra una configuración en un sistema host con una interfaz de red net0.
# pass and log everything by default pass in log on net0 all pass out log on net0 all # block, but don't log, incoming packets from other reserved addresses block in quick on net0 from 10.0.0.0/8 to any block in quick on net0 from 172.16.0.0/12 to any # block and log untrusted internal IPs. 0/32 is notation that replaces # address of the machine running IP Filter. block in log quick from 192.168.1.15 to <thishost> block in log quick from 192.168.1.43 to <thishost> # block and log X11 (port 6000) and remote procedure call # and portmapper (port 111) attempts block in log quick on net0 proto tcp from any to net0/32 port = 6000 keep state block in log quick on net0 proto tcp/udp from any to net0/32 port = 111 keep state
Este conjunto de reglas comienza con dos reglas sin restricciones que permiten que todos los datos entren y salgan de la interfaz de net0. El segundo conjunto de reglas impide que los paquetes entrantes de los espacios de direcciones privadas 10.0.0.0 y 172.16.0.0 entren a través del firewall. El siguiente conjunto de reglas bloquea direcciones internas específicas del sistema de host. Finalmente, el último conjunto de reglas bloquea los paquetes que provienen de los puertos 6000 y 111.
Ejemplo 5-21 Configuración del servidor del filtro IPEn este ejemplo, se muestra una configuración para un equipo host que actúa como servidor web. Este sistema tiene la interfaz de red net0.
# web server with an net0 interface # block and log everything by default; # then allow specific services # group 100 - inbound rules # group 200 - outbound rules # (0/32) resolves to our IP address) *** FTP proxy *** # block short packets which are packets # fragmented too short to be real. block in log quick all with short # block and log inbound and outbound by default, # group by destination block in log on net0 from any to any head 100 block out log on net0 from any to any head 200 # web rules that get hit most often pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from any \ to net0/32 port = http flags S keep state group 100 pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from any \ to net0/32 port = https flags S keep state group 100 # inbound traffic - ssh, auth pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from any \ to net0/32 port = 22 flags S keep state group 100 pass in log quick on net0 proto tcp from any \ to net0/32 port = 113 flags S keep state group 100 pass in log quick on net0 proto tcp from any port = 113 \ to net0/32 flags S keep state group 100 # outbound traffic - DNS, auth, NTP, ssh, WWW, smtp pass out quick on net0 proto tcp/udp from net0/32 \ to any port = domain flags S keep state group 200 pass in quick on net0 proto udp from any \ port = domain to net0/32 group 100 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 \ to any port = 113 flags S keep state group 200 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 port = 113 \ to any flags S keep state group 200 pass out quick on net0 proto udp from net0/32 to any \ port = ntp group 200 pass in quick on net0 proto udp from any \ port = ntp to net0/32 port = ntp group 100 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 \ to any port = ssh flags S keep state group 200 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 \ to any port = http flags S keep state group 200 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 \ to any port = https flags S keep state group 200 pass out quick on net0 proto tcp from net0/32 \ to any port = smtp flags S keep state group 200 # pass icmp packets in and out pass in quick on net0 proto icmp from any to net0/32 keep state group 100 pass out quick on net0 proto icmp from net0/32 to any keep state group 200 # block and ignore NETBIOS packets block in quick on net0 proto tcp from any \ to any port = 135 flags S keep state group 100 block in quick on net0 proto tcp from any port = 137 \ to any flags S keep state group 100 block in quick on net0 proto udp from any to any port = 137 group 100 block in quick on net0 proto udp from any port = 137 to any group 100 block in quick on net0 proto tcp from any port = 138 \ to any flags S keep state group 100 block in quick on net0 proto udp from any port = 138 to any group 100 block in quick on net0 proto tcp from any port = 139 to any flags S keep state group 100 block in quick on net0 proto udp from any port = 139 to any group 100Ejemplo 5-22 Configuración del enrutador del filtro IP
En este ejemplo, se muestra la configuración de un enrutador que tiene una interfaz interna, net0, y una interfaz externa, net1.
# internal interface is net0 at 192.168.1.1 # external interface is net1 IP obtained via DHCP # block all packets and allow specific services *** NAT *** *** POOLS *** # Short packets which are fragmented too short to be real. block in log quick all with short # By default, block and log everything. block in log on net0 all block in log on net1 all block out log on net0 all block out log on net1 all # Packets going in/out of network interfaces that are not on the # loopback interface should not exist. block in log quick on net0 from 127.0.0.0/8 to any block in log quick on net0 from any to 127.0.0.0/8 block in log quick on net1 from 127.0.0.0/8 to any block in log quick on net1 from any to 127.0.0.0/8 # Deny reserved addresses. block in quick on net1 from 10.0.0.0/8 to any block in quick on net1 from 172.16.0.0/12 to any block in log quick on net1 from 192.168.1.0/24 to any block in quick on net1 from 192.168.0.0/16 to any # Allow internal traffic pass in quick on net0 from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.1.0/24 pass out quick on net0 from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.1.0/24 # Allow outgoing DNS requests from our servers on .1, .2, and .3 pass out quick on net1 proto tcp/udp from net1/32 to any port = domain keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp/udp from 192.168.1.2 to any port = domain keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp/udp from 192.168.1.3 to any port = domain keep state # Allow NTP from any internal hosts to any external NTP server. pass in quick on net0 proto udp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 123 keep state pass out quick on net1 proto udp from any to any port = 123 keep state # Allow incoming mail pass in quick on net1 proto tcp from any to net1/32 port = smtp keep state pass in quick on net1 proto tcp from any to net1/32 port = smtp keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = smtp keep state # Allow outgoing connections: SSH, WWW, NNTP, mail, whois pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 22 keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 22 keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 80 keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 80 keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 443 keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = 443 keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = nntp keep state block in quick on net1 proto tcp from any to any port = nntp keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = nntp keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = smtp keep state pass in quick on net0 proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port = whois keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from any to any port = whois keep state # Allow ssh from offsite pass in quick on net1 proto tcp from any to net1/32 port = 22 keep state # Allow ping out pass in quick on net0 proto icmp all keep state pass out quick on net1 proto icmp all keep state # allow auth out pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from net1/32 to any port = 113 keep state pass out quick on net1 proto tcp from net1/32 port = 113 to any keep state # return rst for incoming auth block return-rst in quick on net1 proto tcp from any to any port = 113 flags S/SA # log and return reset for any TCP packets with S/SA block return-rst in log on net1 proto tcp from any to any flags S/SA # return ICMP error packets for invalid UDP packets block return-icmp(net-unr) in proto udp all