mbtowc - convert a character to a wide-character code
#include <stdlib.h> int mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict pwc, const char *restrict s, size_t n);
If s is not a null pointer, mbtowc() determines the number of the bytes that constitute the character pointed to by s. It then determines the wide-character code for the value of type wchar_t that corresponds to that character. (The value of the wide-character code corresponding to the null byte is 0.) If the character is valid and pwc is not a null pointer, mbtowc() stores the wide-character code in the object pointed to by pwc.
A call with s as a null pointer causes this function to return 0. The behavior of this function is affected by the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale. At most n bytes of the array pointed to by s will be examined.
If s is a null pointer, mbtowc() returns 0. If s is not a null pointer, mbtowc() returns 0 (if s points to the null byte), the number of bytes that constitute the converted character (if the next n or fewer bytes form a valid character), or −1 and may set errno to indicate the error (if they do not form a valid character).
In no case will the value returned be greater than n or the value of the MB_CUR_MAX macro.
The mbtowc() function may fail if:
Invalid character sequence is detected.
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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wctomb(3C), mblen(3C), mbstowcs(3C), setlocale(3C), wcstombs(3C), attributes(7), standards(7)