umem_alloc, umem_zalloc, umem_free, umem_nofail_callback - fast, scalable memory allocation
cc [ flag … ] file… –lumem [ library … ] #include <umem.h> void *umem_alloc(size_t size, int flags);
void *umem_zalloc(size_t size, int flags);
void umem_free(void *buf, size_t size);
void umem_nofail_callback(int (*callback)(void));
void *malloc(size_t size);
void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
void *memalign(size_t alignment, size_t size);
void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
void *valloc(size_t size);
size_t malloc_usable_size(void *ptr);
void free(void *ptr);
The umem_alloc() function returns a pointer to a block of size bytes suitably aligned for any variable type. The initial contents of memory allocated using umem_alloc() is undefined. The flags argument determines the behavior of umem_alloc() if it is unable to fulfill the request. The flags argument can take the following values:
Return NULL on failure.
Call an optional callback (set with umem_nofail_callback()) on failure. The callback takes no arguments and can finish by:
returning UMEM_CALLBACK_RETRY, in which case the allocation will be retried. If the allocation fails, the callback will be invoked again.
returning UMEM_CALLBACK_EXIT(status), in which case exit(2) is invoked with status as its argument. The exit() function is called only once. If multiple threads return from the UMEM_NOFAIL callback with UMEM_CALLBACK_EXIT(status), one will call exit() while the other blocks until exit() terminates the program.
invoking a context-changing function (setcontext(2)) or a non-local jump (longjmp(3C) or siglongjmp(3C), or ending the current thread of control (thr_exit(3C) or pthread_exit(3C). The application is responsible for any necessary cleanup. The state of libumem remains consistent.
If no callback has been set or the callback has been set to NULL, umem_alloc(..., UMEM_NOFAIL) behaves as though the callback returned UMEM_CALLBACK_EXIT(255).
The libumem library can call callbacks from any place that a UMEM_NOFAIL allocation is issued. In multithreaded applications, callbacks are expected to perform their own concurrency management.
The function call umem_alloc(0, flag) always returns NULL. The function call umem_free(NULL, 0) is allowed.
The umem_zalloc() function has the same semantics as umem_alloc(), but the block of memory is initialized to zeros before it is returned.
The umem_free() function frees blocks previously allocated using umem_alloc() and umem_zalloc(). The buffer address and size must exactly match the original allocation. Memory must not be returned piecemeal.
The umem_nofail_callback() function sets the process-wide UMEM_NOFAIL callback. See the description of UMEM_NOFAIL for more information.
The malloc(), calloc(), free(), malloc_usable_size(), memalign(), realloc(), and valloc() functions are as described in malloc(3C), including support for the ADIHEAP security extension. The libumem library provides these functions for backward compatibility with the standard functions.
Memory allocated by these functions may be on pages with the PROT_EXEC access protections disabled to block execution of machine instructions, depending on the system settings for NXHEAP in sxadm(8) and any –z sx=nxheap options that were passed to ld(1) when linking the application, even when using backend=mmap. These settings may be overridden for individual pages by calling mprotect(2).
See umem_debug(3MALLOC) for environment variables that effect the debugging features of the libumem library.
Contains a list of comma-separated options. Unrecognized options are ignored. The options that are supported are:
#include <stdio.h> #include <umem.h> ... char *buf = umem_alloc(1024, UMEM_DEFAULT); if (buf == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n"); return (1); } /* cannot assume anything about buf's contents */ ... umem_free(buf, 1024); ...Example 2 Using the umem_zalloc() function
#include <stdio.h> #include <umem.h> ... char *buf = umem_zalloc(1024, UMEM_DEFAULT); if (buf == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n"); return (1); } /* buf contains zeros */ ... umem_free(buf, 1024); ...Example 3 Using UMEM_NOFAIL
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <umem.h> /* * Note that the allocation code below does not have to * check for umem_alloc() returning NULL */ int my_failure_handler(void) { (void) fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n"); return (UMEM_CALLBACK_EXIT(255)); } ... umem_nofail_callback(my_failure_handler); ... int i; char *buf[100]; for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) buf[i] = umem_alloc(1024 * 1024, UMEM_NOFAIL); ... for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) umem_free(buf[i], 1024 * 1024); ...Example 4 Using UMEM_NOFAIL in a multithreaded application
#include <thread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <umem.h> void * start_func(void *the_arg) { int *info = (int *)the_arg; char *buf = umem_alloc(1024 * 1024, UMEM_NOFAIL); /* does not need to check for buf == NULL */ buf[0] = 0; ... /* * if there were other UMEM_NOFAIL allocations, * we would need to arrange for buf to be * umem_free()ed upon failure. */ ... umem_free(buf, 1024 * 1024); return (the_arg); } ... int my_failure_handler(void) { /* terminate the current thread with status NULL */ thr_exit(NULL); } ... umem_nofail_callback(my_failure_handler); ... int my_arg; thread_t tid; void *status; (void) thr_create(NULL, NULL, start_func, &my_arg, 0, NULL); ... while (thr_join(0, &tid, &status) != 0) ; if (status == NULL) { (void) fprintf(stderr, "thread %d ran out of memory\n", tid); } ...
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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For malloc(), calloc(), free(), realloc(), and valloc(), see malloc(3C) for applicable standards.
Comparative features of the various allocation libraries can be found in the malloc(3C) manual page.
exit(2), mmap(2), mprotect(2), sbrk(2), longjmp(3C), malloc(3C), pthread_exit(3C), thr_exit(3C), libumem(3LIB), umem_cache_create(3MALLOC), umem_debug(3MALLOC), adi(7), attributes(7), standards(7), sxadm(8)
Oracle Solaris Modular Debugger Guide
Any of the following can cause undefined results:
Passing a pointer returned from umem_alloc() or umem_zalloc() to free(), malloc_usable_size(), or realloc().
Passing a pointer returned from malloc(), calloc(), valloc(), memalign(), realloc(), or reallocarray() to umem_free().
Writing past the end of a buffer allocated using umem_alloc() or umem_zalloc().
Performing UMEM_NOFAIL allocations from an atexit(3C) handler.
If the UMEM_NOFAIL callback performs UMEM_NOFAIL allocations, infinite recursion can occur.