1/18

Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Related documents
• Conventions
• Documentation Accessibility

What's New

• New features in release 18.1.4.1.0
• New features in release 18.1.3.1.0
• New features in release 18.1.2.1.0
• New features in release 18.1.1.2.0

1 Overview of TimesTen Scaleout

• Introducing TimesTen Scaleout
• TimesTen Scaleout features
  • In-memory database
  • Performance
  • Persistence and durability
  • SQL and PL/SQL functionality
  • Transactions
  • Scalability
  • Data transparency
  • High availability and fault tolerance
  • Centralized management
• TimesTen Scaleout architecture
  • Instances
    • Management instances
    • Data instances
  • Installations
  • K-safety
    • Understanding replica sets
    • Understanding data spaces
    • Assigning hosts to data space groups
  • Data distribution
    • Defining the distribution map for a database
    • Defining the distribution scheme for tables
  • Backups
  • Internal and external networks
• Central configuration of the grid
• Planning your grid
  • Determine the number of hosts and membership servers
  • Define the network parameters of each host and membership server
  • Define the locations for the installation directory and instance home of each instance
  • Ensure you have all the information you need to deploy a grid
• Database connections
• Comparison between TimesTen Scaleout and TimesTen Classic
  • How supported TimesTen features are documented in this book

2 Prerequisites and Installation of TimesTen Scaleout

• General prerequisites
• Operating system prerequisites
  • Understanding the TimesTen users group and the operating system user
    • The TimesTen users group
    • The operating system user
    • Create the TimesTen users group and the OS user
  • Configuring the operating system kernel parameters
    • Configure shmmax and shmall
    • Configure HugePages
    • Modify the memlock settings
    • Set the semaphore values
• Network requirements
  • Internal network
    • Syntax for internal addresses
  • External network
• Installing TimesTen Scaleout
  • Verifying the installation
    • Run the ttInstallationCheck utility
    • Review the installation directory and subdirectories
• Setting passwordless SSH

3 Setting Up the Membership Service

• Overview of the TimesTen Scaleout membership service
  • Tracking the instance status
  • Recovering from a network partition error
• Using Apache ZooKeeper as the membership service
• Installing Apache ZooKeeper
• Configuring Apache ZooKeeper as the membership service
• Starting the membership servers
• Configure a grid as a membership service client

4 Setting Up a Grid

• Configure your grid
  • Creating the initial management instance
  • Creating a grid
  • Adding the standby management instance
  • Calculating the number of hosts and data instances for the grid
    • Calculate the number of data instances to create
    • Calculate the number of hosts you need to support your data instances
  • Assigning hosts to data space groups
  • Adding data instances
    • Create a host for a data instance
    • Create the installation for the data instance
    • Create the data instance
    • Create data instances by duplicating the configuration of an existing host
  • Applying the changes made to the model
    • Model versioning
    • Apply the latest version of the model
  • Setting instances to automatically start at system startup
• Description of the physical topography of the grid
  • Assigning hosts to physical groups
    • Removing the physical layout of the hosts
    • Deleting physical groups
  • Propose data space group assignments

5 Managing a Database

• Creating a database
  • Create a database definition
    • Creating a database definition file
    • Adding a database definition to the model
  • Create a database based on the database definition
  • Define the distribution map of the database
  • Open the database for user connections
• Connecting to a database
  • Create a connectable
    • Creating a connectable file
    • Creating a connectable based on the connectable file
  • Connect to a database using ODBC and JDBC drivers
    • Establishing direct connections from a data instance
    • Establishing client connections from a TimesTen Client
    • Redirecting client connections
  • Verify if your database is a distributed database
• Defining table distribution schemes
  • Hash
  • Reference
  • Duplicate
  • Materialized views as a secondary form of distribution
• Determining the value of the PermSize attribute
• Bulk loading data into a database
  • Populating a table with the ttBulkCp utility
    • Populate a table from a single location
    • Populate a table from several locations
  • Populating a table with the ttLoadFromOracle built-in procedure
    • Enable communication to an Oracle database
    • Populate a table from a single location
    • Populate a table from several locations
• Unloading a database from memory
• Reloading a database into memory
• Modifying the connection attributes of a database
  • Modify the connection attributes in a database definition
  • Modify the connection attributes in a connectable
• Destroying a database

6 Understanding Distributed Transactions in TimesTen Scaleout

• Transaction manager
  • Status of the participants
• Durability settings
  • Durability set to 1
  • Durability set to 0
    • Epoch transactions
    • EpochInterval attribute
    • CreateEpochAtCommit attribute
• Two-phase commit protocol
  • Phase 0: Transaction
  • Phase 1: Prepare phase
  • Phase 2: Commit phase
  • Two-phase commit failure analysis
• Troubleshooting distributed transactions
  • Global transaction id
  • Managing in-doubt transactions

7 Using SQL in TimesTen Scaleout

• Overview of SQL
• Overview of PL/SQL
• Working with tables
• Altering tables
• Understanding materialized views
• Understanding indexes
• Using sequences
  • Understanding batch allocation
• Performing DML operations
• Using pseudocolumns
• Using the TT_CommitDMLOnSuccess hint
• Using optimizer hints
  • TT_GridQueryExec
  • TT_PartialResult
• Understanding ROWID in data distribution
• Understanding system views

8 Maintaining and Upgrading a Grid

• Maintaining the model of a grid
• Modifying a grid
  • Modifying objects in a grid
    • Modify a host
    • Modify an instance
  • Deleting objects from a grid
    • Delete an instance
    • Delete an installation
    • Delete a host
    • Delete a physical group
  • Reconfiguring membership servers
    • View the current membership configuration
    • Add membership servers
    • Enable the new membership configuration
• Redistributing data in a database
  • Adding elements to the distribution map
  • Removing elements from the distribution map
    • Replace an element with another element
    • Remove a replica set
• Stopping a grid
• Restarting a grid
• Upgrading a grid
  • Upgrade a grid to a patch-compatible release
    • Create an installation from a new release on every host
    • Upgrade management instances
    • Upgrade data instances
    • Optional: Delete the installation of the previous release on every host
  • Upgrade a grid to a not patch-compatible release
• Destroying a grid

9 Monitoring TimesTen Scaleout

• Using the ttStats utility
  • View the configuration of the ttStats utility
  • Configure the ttStats utility
  • Monitor a database with the ttStats utility
  • Create a snapshot with the ttStats utility
  • Create a report between two snapshots with the ttStats utility
• Using SQL Developer to work with TimesTen Scaleout
• Monitoring the management instances
  • Monitor the free space of the management instance
  • Modify retention values of previous grid models and warning threshold of the management instance
  • Resize the management instance
    • Grid with a single management instance
    • Grid with active and standby management instances
• Collecting grid logs
• Retrieving diagnostic information
• Verifying clock synchronization across all instances

10 Migrating, Backing Up and Restoring Data

• Migrating a database from TimesTen Classic to TimesTen Scaleout
• Working with repositories
  • Create a repository
  • Attach a repository
  • Detach a repository
  • List repositories and collections
• Backing up and restoring a database
  • Back up a database
  • Back up a database into a remote repository (WAN-friendly)
    • Recommendations for staged backups
    • Create a staged backup
  • Check the status of a backup
  • Delete a backup
  • Restore a database
  • Check the status of a restore
• Exporting and importing a database
  • Export a database
  • Check the status of a database export
  • Delete a database export
  • Import a database export
  • Check the status of a database import
• Determining the size of a backup or export

11 Recovering from Failure

• Displaying the database, replica set and element status
• Recovering from transient errors
  • Retry transient errors
  • Communications error
  • Software error
  • Host or data instance failure
  • Heavy load or temporary communication failure
• Recovering from a data distribution error
• Tracking the automatic recovery for an element
• Availability despite the failure of one element in a replica set
• Recovering when a single element fails in a replica set
  • Troubleshooting based on element status
  • Recovering a replica set after an element goes down
  • Remove and replace a failed element in a replica set
• Unavailability of data when a full replica set is down or fails
  • Recovering from a down replica set
    • Transaction behavior with a down replica set
    • Durably recovering a failed replica set when Durability=1
    • Recovering a failed replica set when Durability=0
  • Recovering when the replica set has a permanently failed element
    • Evicting the element in the permanently failed replica set when k = 1
    • Evicting all elements in a permanently failed replica set when k = 2
    • Maintaining database consistency after an eviction
• Recovering when a data instance is down
• Database recovery
• Client connection failover
  • Configuring TCP keep-alive parameters
• Managing failover for the management instances
  • Status for management instances
  • Starting, stopping and switching management instances
  • Active management instance failure
    • Single management instance fails
    • Active management instance fails
  • Standby management instance failure
    • Standby management instance recovers
    • Standby management instance experiences permanent failure
  • Both management instances fail
    • Bring back both management instances
    • Bring back one of the management instances
• Performance recommendations
  • Set a timeout for create channel requests

A Example for Deploying a Grid and Database

• TimesTen Scaleout prerequisites
  • Ensure that TimesTen Scaleout supports the OS installed on each host
  • Configure all hosts in the same internal network
  • Create a TimesTen user group and OS user
  • Set the Linux system kernel parameters
  • Set the memlock settings for the instance administrator
  • Set the semaphore values
• Install TimesTen Scaleout
  • Set passwordless SSH between all hosts
• Set up the membership service
  • Install ZooKeeper
  • Configure the ZooKeeper servers
  • Start the ZooKeeper servers
  • Create the client configuration file
• Deploy a grid and database
  • Create a database definition file
  • Create a connectable file
  • Create a SQL script file for your database
  • Create a configuration file for the ttGridRollout utility
  • Create a grid and database
  • Connect to the database

B TimesTen Scaleout Environment

• Environment variables
  • Setting environment variables
  • Environment variable descriptions
    • TIMESTEN_HOME environment variable
    • NLS_LANG environment variable
    • Shared library path environment variable
    • PATH environment variable
    • Temporary directory environment variable
    • TNS_ADMIN environment variable
    • Java environment variables
• Instance home directory and subdirectories
• Managing a development or test environment

Index