Contents
1 Overview
- Overview of Implementing Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management
- Overview of Guides for the Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management Offering
2 Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Introduction
- Implement Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Considerations for Implementing Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Set Up Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Enable Your Item for Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- How You Configure Global Order Promising to Support Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- How You Configure Manufacturing to Support Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Set Up Supply Chain Orchestration for Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- Enable Procurement to Support Back-to-Back Fulfillment
- How You Automate Purchase Order Creation for Back-to-Back Items
- Back-to-Back Fulfillment Cross-Product Features
3 Internal Material Transfers
- Overview of Internal Material Transfers
- Internal Material Transfer Setup Tasks
- Internal Material Transfer Process Flow
- Considerations for Internal Material Transfer Document and Enrichment Rules
- How the Internal Material Transfer Price Is Calculated
- Setup of Interorganization Parameters for Transfer Orders
- Setup of Intersubinventory Parameters for Transfer Orders
- Subinventory Parameters for Transfer Orders
- Shipping Method Setup for Transfer Orders
- Create an Intersubinventory Transfer Order
- Create Supply Request Through Manage Item Quantities Task
- Set Up Internal Requisition Transfer Orders from Self-Service Procurement for Planned and Non-Planned Items
- Create an Internal Material Transfer Requisition (Casual User)
- Create an Internal Material Transfer Requisition (Sophisticated User)
- Kit Items for Transfer Orders
- Considerations for Using Kit Items for Transfer Orders
- Set Up Kit Items for Transfer Orders
- Impact of Shipping Parameters for Kit Items on Transfer Orders
- FAQs for Implementing Internal Material Transfers
- What's the difference between a physical and accounting only internal material transfer return?
- How can I fulfill transfer orders for items on an internal material transfer through Oracle Fusion Order Management?
- How can I set up the expense destination receipt required option for transfer orders?
- What's the difference between inventory and expense destination transfer orders?
- Can I use the source organization's business unit for sales orders created from transfer orders?
- How can I set up transit times for intersubinventory transfer orders?
- Why can't I select a source organization for my internal requisition transfer order?
- Why can't I select a destination organization when creating an interorganization transfer?
- Why can't I create a supply request from Self-Service Procurement?
4 Contract Manufacturing
- Overview of Contract Manufacturing
- Contract Manufacturing Lifecycle and Features
- How Modeling of Entities Work Together in Contract Manufacturing
- Overview of the Contract Manufacturing Business Flow
- Planning and Promising Contract Manufacturing Orders
- Automatic Supply Creation and Fulfillment
- How Production Progress is Tracked
- Automatic Change Management
- Plan and Account Costs
- Set Up a Supplier for Contract Manufacturing
- Set Up Inventory Organizations for Contract Manufacturing
- How Items Are Set Up
- Set Up a Work Definition in Contract Manufacturing
- Set Up a Blanket Purchase Agreement in Contract Manufacturing
- Set Up Receiving Parameters in Contract Manufacturing
- Set Up ATP Rules in Contract Manufacturing
- Set Up Sourcing Rules in Contract Manufacturing
- Guidelines for the Setup and Implementation of Contract Manufacturing
5 Outside Processing
- Overview of Outside Processing
- Overview of Outside Processing Features in Oracle Supply Chain Management Cloud
- How Outside Processing is Managed and Executed
- How You Create and Manage Work Orders with Supplier Operations
- How Purchasing Documents are Created and Managed for Outside Processing
- How Shipping Documents are Created for Outside Processing
- How Goods Are Received and Delivered for Outside Processing
- How You Monitor, Manage, and Execute Supplier Operations in Manufacturing
- How Outside Processing Costs are Planned, Accounted, and Reviewed
- How Demand and Supply Side Changes Are Managed for Outside Processing
- Overview of Outside Processing Setup
- How You Set Up Plant Parameters for Outside Processing
- How You Set Up Mapping Sets for Outside Processing
- How Items Are Set Up for Outside Processing
- How Suppliers Are Set Up for Outside Processing
- How You Set Up a Blanket Purchase Agreement for Outside Processing
- How You Set Up Standard Supplier Operations
- Work Definitions with Supplier Operations
- Considerations for Implementing Outside Processing
- FAQs for Outside Processing
6 Project-Driven Supply Chain
- Overview of Project-Driven Supply Chain Management
- How the Project-Driven Supply Chain Solution Works
- How You Set Up Project-Driven Supply Chain
- Project-Driven Supply Chain Process Flows
- How You Execute Project-Specific Manufacturing
- How You Plan Project-Specific Supply
- How You Purchase Project-Specific Inventory
- How You Perform Project-Specific Maintenance
- How You Segregate and Manage Project-Specific Inventory
- How You Receive Project-Specific Inventory
- How You Pick Project-Specific Inventory
- How You Transfer Project-Specific Inventory
- How You Accept Project-Specific Customer Returns
7 Dual Units of Measure
- Track Items in More Than One Unit of Measure
- Overview of Setting Up Dual Units of Measure
- Set Up Dual Units of Measure
- Residual Quantity Transactions with Dual UOMs
8 Inventory Management
- Overview of Implementing Inventory Management
- Subinventories and Locators
- How Inventory Organizations, Subinventories, and Locators Fit Together
- Subinventories
- Considerations for Creating Subinventories and Locators
- Bulk Export and Import of Subinventories and Locators
- FAQs for Subinventories and Locators
- What's a locator?
- Why can't I assign locator control options to some subinventories?
- What happens if I select different locator control options for a subinventory?
- Why can't I change the locator control of an existing organization at the subinventory level?
- Why can't I select a particular subinventory as the item transaction default subinventory for a particular item?
- What's an item subinventory?
- Interorganization Parameters
- Account Aliases
- Transaction Sources and Types
- Default Stocking Unit of Measure
- Default Stocking Unit of Measure for Inventory Management
- How You Use the Default Stocking UOM for Inventory Management
- Set Up Default Stocking UOM for Inventory Management
- FAQs for Default Stocking Unit of Measure
- ABC Analysis
- ABC Classes
- ABC Classes
- Delete ABC Classes
- FAQs for ABC Classes
- ABC Classification Sets
- ABC Classification Sets
- ABC Classification Set Criteria
- ABC Classification Set Content Scope
- ABC Classification Set Items
- Examples of ABC Classification Item Ranking
- Resubmit an ABC Classification Set
- View an ABC Classification Set Item
- Purge an ABC Classification Set
- FAQs for ABC Classification Sets
- ABC Assignment Groups
- Inventory Transaction Reasons
- Item Transaction Defaults
- Material Statuses
- Lot Grades
- Lot Grades
- FAQs for Lot Grades
- Lot Expiration Actions
- Lot Expiration Actions
- FAQs for Lot Expiration Actions
- Lot and Serial Attributes Mapping
- Pick Slip Grouping Rules
- Picking Rules
- Picking Rule Assignments
- Picking Rule Assignments
- Considerations for Picking Rule Assignment Criteria
- FAQs for Picking Rule Assignments
- Overpicks
- Inventory Consumption Rules
- Intersubinventory Parameters
- Inventory Descriptive Flexfields
- Item Keyword Search for Inventory
- Integrate with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Third-Party Logistics and Warehouse Management Systems
- Overview of Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Process Flow
- Implementation Decision Points and Setup Best Practices for 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Integration
- Receipt Advice and Receipt Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Shipment Request and Shipment Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Inventory Transaction Processes for External System Integration
- Inventory Balances Integration with External Systems
- FAQs for Integrating with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Inventory Business Event Configuration
- Min-Max Planning
- PAR Replenishment
- Overview of PAR Replenishment
- PAR Locations
- PAR Location Settings
- How You Set Up PAR Location Management
- PAR Location Counts
- PAR Location Replenishment
- PAR Accounting and Recording
- Two Bin Replenishment
- Example of a PAR Replenishment Purchase Requisition
- Example of a PAR Replenishment Interorganization Internal Material Transfer
- Example of a PAR Replenishment Intraorganization Internal Material Transfer
- How You Disable PAR for Specific Items While Retaining Previous PAR Settings
- FAQs for PAR Replenishment
- What's a PAR level?
- How can I change the PAR location setting of quantity tracked?
- What's the difference between quantity tracked and not quantity tracked PAR locations?
- How can I define the ship-to location associated with the PAR location?
- What are the replenishment source types supported for PAR replenishment?
- How can I review errors received when submitting the replenishment request?
- Inventory Item Attributes
- Transaction Date Validation
- Mobile Inventory
- Infolets
9 Receiving
- Receiving Parameters
- Print Shipping Documents
- Considerations for Printing Shipping Documents on RMAs
- Considerations for Printing Shipping Documents for Drop Ship Orders
- Considerations for Printing Shipping Documents on Return to Supplier Transactions
- How Return to Supplier Transactions with Shipping Documents Are Processed
- FAQs for Print Shipping Documents
- Receipt Transaction Date Validations
- Integrate with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Third-Party Logistics and Warehouse Management Systems
- Overview of Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Process Flow
- Implementation Decision Points and Setup Best Practices for 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Integration
- Receipt Advice and Receipt Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Shipment Request and Shipment Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Inventory Transaction Processes for External System Integration
- Inventory Balances Integration with External Systems
- Inventory Business Event Configuration
- FAQs for Integrating with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Electronic Signatures and Electronic Records
- Self-Service Receipts
- Responsive Self-Service Receiving Application
10 Shipping
- Introduction
- Manage Release Sequence Rules
- Manage Ship Confirm Rules
- Manage Shipping Cost Types
- Manage Transportation Schedules
- Transportation Schedules
- Examples of Creating Transportation Schedules
- Site Level Schedules
- FAQs for Manage Transportation Schedules
- Manage Shipping Exceptions
- Overview of Shipping Exceptions
- Predefined Exceptions
- FAQs for Manage Shipping Exceptions
- Manage Default Packing Configurations
- Manage Shipping Zones
- Manage Shipping Parameters
- Enable Shipping Method for a Shipment
- Considerations for Managing Shipping Parameters
- Considerations for Selecting Shipment Grouping Attributes
- Overview of Printing Shipping Documents for Configured Items
- FAQs for Manage Shipping Parameters
- What happens if I select different appending limit options during shipment creation?
- What happens if I enable carrier manifesting?
- Why am I not able to cancel a transfer order?
- Why am I not able see some shipment details in my shipment?
- What happens if I enter a secondary shipped quantity that's greater than the secondary requested quantity during quick ship?
- What happens if I enter a secondary shipped quantity that’s greater than the secondary picked quantity for Dual UOM Items?
- Can I ship goods without sufficient on-hand quantity using quick ship?
- Manage Pick Wave Release Rules
- Integrate Shipping with Transportation and Trade Management Systems
- Overview of Integrating Shipping with Transportation and Trade Management Systems
- How Shipping Integrates with Transportation and Trade Management Systems
- Considerations for Integrating Shipping with Transportation and Trade Management Systems
- How You Set Up Shipping for Backordered Shipment Line Notifications
- Notifications for Backordered Shipment Lines
- Transportation Planning Details for Shipment Lines
- How You Screen Shipment Lines for Trade Compliance
- Impact on 3PL and WMS Integration with Shipping
- Integrate with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Third-Party Logistics and Warehouse Management Systems
- Overview of Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Inventory Management Integration with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Process Flow
- Implementation Decision Points and Setup Best Practices for 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems Integration
- Receipt Advice and Receipt Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Shipment Request and Shipment Confirmation Processes for External Systems Integration
- Inventory Transaction Processes for External System Integration
- Inventory Balances Integration with External Systems
- Release Shipment Requests to an External 3PL or WMS Using Release Sequence Rules
- Send Shipment Lines Using Only a Specific Subinventory for Nonlot Items
- FAQs for Integrating with 3PL and Warehouse Management Systems
- Shipping Documents
- Overview of Shipping Documents
- How You Set up Shipping Document Job Sets
- How You Manage Shipping Document Job Set Rules
- Overview of Managing Shipping Document Output Preferences
- Define Document Job Set Output Preferences
- Generate and Print a QR Code on Shipping Documents for Organizations in Portugal
11 Receipt Accounting
- Overview of Receipt Accounting
- Set Up Receipt Accounting
- Configure Tax Calculation and Accounting
- Set Up Legal Entity Time Zones
- Considerations for Accrual Settings
- Implement Subledger Accounting
- Accounting Method
- Subledger Journal Entry Rule Set
- Create an Accounting Method
- Set Up User-Defined Account Rules
- Set Up User-Defined Journal Entry Rule Sets
- Assign User-Defined Journal Entry Rule Sets to Accounting Method
- Activate Assigned Journal Entry Rule Sets
- Preview Accounting Results
- Mapping Sets
- Overview of Predefined Mapping Sets
- Use Predefined Mapping Sets
- FAQs for Receipt Accounting
12 Cost Accounting
- Overview of Cost Accounting
- Set Up Cost Accounting
- Set Up Legal Entity Time Zones
- Manage Cost Organizations and Cost Books
- How Cost Organizations, Inventory Organizations, and Cost Books Fit Together
- Considerations for Setting Up the Cost Organization Structure
- Examples of Setting Up a Cost Organization Structure
- Create a Cost Organization
- Create a Cost Book
- Cost Organization Relationship
- Important Points to Know Before Creating Cost Organization Relationships
- Create Cost Organization Relationships
- Manage Cost Profile
- Manage Cost Accounting Profile Options
- Manage Receipt Accounting Profile Options
- FAQs for Managing Cost Organizations and Cost Books
- What's a set-level definition?
- Can I change the legal entity of a cost organization?
- How can I create and maintain a cost organization?
- Can I associate an inventory organization with more than one cost organization?
- Can I delete or deactivate a cost book or a cost book assignment to a cost organization?
- Can I set up a secondary cost book for the purpose of internal analysis?
- Can I delete or deactivate the association of an inventory organization with a cost organization?
- Cost Elements and Analysis Groups
- Manage Cost Elements and Analysis Groups
- FAQs for Managing Cost Components and Analysis
- Cost Accounting Policies
- How Cost Components, Cost Elements, and Cost Component Groups Work Together
- Cost Profiles, Default Cost Profiles, and Item Cost Profiles
- Item Cost Profile Creation: Review and Approval Process
- Valuation Structures and Valuation Units
- Units of Measure to Cost an Item
- FAQs for Defining Cost Accounting Policies
- Can I delete or modify a cost profile, a default cost profile, or an item cost profile?
- What happens when I select different options for processing negative inventory quantities?
- What happens if the Project segment is added to a Valuation Structure that doesn't have the Inventory Organization segment?
- Overheads Absorption
- Subledger Accounting
- Implement Subledger Accounting
- Define Subledger Accounting Rules
- FAQs for Defining Subledger Accounting Rules
- Create an Accounting Method
- Set Up User-Defined Account Rules
- Set Up User-Defined Journal Entry Rule Sets
- Assign User-Defined Journal Entry Rule Sets to Accounting Method
- Activate Assigned Journal Entry Rule Sets
- Preview Accounting Results
- Overview of Mapping Sets
- Overview of Predefined Mapping Sets
- Use Predefined Mapping Sets
- FAQs for Subledger Accounting
- How do I identify the sources available for a transaction type?
- Can I use the sources defined for other subledgers in Cost Accounting?
- What if a source is available but the mapping set isn't working with that source?
- What are the options available if the Value Type is set to Source when defining an account rule?
- How can I resolve errors in the accounting results?
- How can I modify predefined mapping sets?
13 Landed Cost Management
- Overview of Landed Cost Management
- How You Set Up Landed Cost Management
- Charge Names
- Landed Cost Reference Types
- Manage Landed Cost Reference Types
- FAQs for Landed Cost Reference Types
- Routes
- Manage Routes
- FAQs for Routes
14 Fiscal Document Capture
- Overview of Fiscal Document Capture
- Specify Freight Fiscal Flow Preferences
- Automatically Derive the Inbound CFOP During XML Import
- Automatically Derive Default Charge Account for Fiscal Document Lines Without a Source Document
- Automatically Derive Sold to Legal Entity and Business Unit During XML Import
- Automatically Derive Acknowledged Date
- Use PO for Freight Fiscal Flows
15 Subledger Accounting for France
- Overview of Subledger Accounting for France
- How You Set Up Subledger Accounting for France
- Overview of Mapping Sets for France
- Overview of Predefined Mapping Sets for Subledger Accounting for France
- Use Predefined Mapping Sets for Subledger Accounting for France
16 Intrastat Reporting
- Overview of Intrastat Reporting
- Set Up Intrastat Reporting
- Intrastat Country Characteristics
- Intrastat Country Characteristics
- Manage Intrastat Country Characteristics
- Examples of Triangulation Trade Transactions
- Invoice Triangulation Method for Determining Country of Supply
- How You Derive the Country of Supply for Intrastat Reporting from the Legal Reporting Unit
- How You Capture the Country of Supply for Intrastat Reporting
- Intrastat Reporting for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Intrastat Rules
- Intrastat Parameters
- FAQs for Intrastat Reporting
- What's Intrastat?
- Can I define Intrastat parameters for any legal reporting unit?
- Can I configure Intrastat according to individual country guidelines?
- Can I derive the county of supply from the legal reporting unit for Intrastat Reporting?
- Can I identify exceptions in the Intrastat collected transactions?
- Can I use the supplementary UOM Intrastat reporting requirements for specific item categories?
- Can I use freight factor to calculate the adjusted statistical value for Intrastat reporting?
- Can I use freight factor in my Intrastat report?
- How often must I generate Intrastat reports?
- What's the deadline for submission of Intrastat declarations?
- How can I print or export Intrastat reports?
- Can I include information about the movement of monetary amounts or placement of orders in the Intrastat declaration?
- What's the prerequisite for collecting and validating Intrastat transactions through the Oracle Enterprise Scheduler?
- What happens if I validate an intrastat transaction?
17 Manufacturing
- How You Set Up Manufacturing
- Set Up a Manufacturing Plant
- Critical Choices for Setting Up Plant Parameters
- Considerations for Setting Up Lookups for Manufacturing
- How You Manage Work Areas
- How You Manage Resources
- How You Manage Work Centers
- How You Manage Work Order Statuses
- How You Set Up Items in Oracle Manufacturing
- How You Set Up Oracle Production Monitoring, part of the Oracle Fusion Cloud IoT Intelligent Applications
- How You Upload Work Definition and Work Definition Operation Attachments Using a SOAP Service
- How You Configure Human Tasks for Oracle Manufacturing
- Set Up Connected Assets and Equipment
18 Supply Chain Orchestration
- Overview
- Create Rules
- Manage Supply
- Use Redesigned Pages to View Supply Requests
- Manage Supply Requests for Projects
- Orchestrate Supply Requests from Replenishment Planning
- Create Supply for Transfer Orders
- Set Shipment Priorities for Transfer Orders
- Track Supply for Partial Shipments
- Manage Configure to Order Changes Without Canceling Supply
- Administer
- Manage Purchases
- Map Attributes from Your Sales Order to Your Purchase Request and Purchase Order
- Synchronize Documents Between Supply Chain Orchestration and Procurement
- Organize Your Purchase Requests into Groups
- Process More Than One Change Request in a Single Purchase Order
- Hold Changes from Manufacturing Until Purchase Orders Are Ready
- Extend
- Maintain
19 Supply Chain Financial Orchestration
- Overview of Supply Chain Financial Orchestration
- Financial Orchestration Flow
- Implement Supply Chain Financial Orchestration
- Financial Orchestration System Options
- Documentation and Accounting Rules
- Financial Orchestration Transfer Pricing Rules
- Profit Center Business Unit to Party Relationships
- Profit Center Business Units
- Intercompany Buyer Profile
- Intercompany Seller Profile
- FAQs for Profit Center Business Unit to Party Relationships
- Financial Orchestration Qualifiers
- Manage Supply Chain Financial Orchestration Flows
- Create Financial Orchestration Flows
20 Maintenance
- Set Up Maintenance
- Set Up A Maintenance Organization
- How can I define the default maintenance organization?
- Overview of Maintenance Management Functional Area
- Guidelines to Set Up Maintenance Plant Parameters
- Set Up Maintenance Organization Relationships
- How You Manage Lookups for Maintenance
- Work Areas, Resources, and Work Centers
- How You Manage Maintenance Work Areas
- How You Manage Maintenance Resources
- How You Manage Maintenance Resource Instances
- How You Manage Maintenance Work Centers
- How You Manage Maintenance Work Order Statuses
- How You Set Up Items in Product Information Management
- How You Add Attachments on Maintenance Work Order Through Rest Service
- Configure and Extend Applications
- How You Define Meter Templates
- Enable and Set Up Redwood Pages
- How You Use Smart Search to Search For and View Assets in the New Assets UI
- Manage Work Using Maintenance Supervision
- Report Work Using My Maintenance Work
- How You Define Quality Inspection Plans
- Purge Batch Data from Maintenance Import Interfaces
- How You Manage Work Order Costs
- How You Manage Deep Links for Oracle Maintenance
- Integration of Work Order Picking Requests With Your Warehouse Management System
- How You Override the Plant Production Calendar with One or More Date-Effective Work Center Calendars
- How You Manage Country of Origin on Item and Item Categories in Work Execution
- Integrate Oracle Maintenance with Oracle Asset Monitoring, part of the Oracle Fusion Cloud IoT Intelligent Applications
- Use a SOAP Service to Upload Attachments in Oracle Maintenance Cloud
- Overview of Using A SOAP Service to Upload Attachments in Oracle Maintenance
- How You Upload Attachments of Assets and Maintenance Programs Using a SOAP Service
- How You Upload Attachments of Work Orders, Work Order Operations, Work Order Operation Materials, and Work Order Operation Resources Using a SOAP Service
- How You Upload Attachments of Work Definitions and Work Definition Operations Using a SOAP Service
- Set Up Electronic Signatures and Electronic Records for Maintenance Exception Closure
- Set Up Connected Assets and Equipment
21 Supply Chain Collaboration
- Supply Chain Collaboration Introduction
- Supply Collaboration
- Contract Manufacturing Collaboration
- Vendor-Managed Inventory
- B2B Messaging
- Supply Chain Collaboration Setup
- Manage Supply Chain Collaboration Settings
- How You Manage Supply Chain Collaboration Settings
- Overview of Supply Chain Collaboration Data Access
- Collaboration Planning Data Access
- Configure Collaboration Planning Data Access
- Vendor-Managed Inventory Data Access
- Configure Vendor-Managed Inventory Data Access
- Configure Vendor-Managed Inventory Replenishment Settings
- Collaboration Boundaries
- Set Collaboration Boundaries
- Create Aggregated Time Buckets Without Order Forecast Values at Week or Period Level
- Enable Collaboration Using External Source Systems
- Set Default Order Forecasts and Commits Values to Download
- Set Default Number Format for Values in Uploaded or Downloaded Files
- Manage Preferences
- Manage Supply Chain Collaboration Messages
- Manage Supply Chain Collaboration Lookups
22 E-Signatures and E-Records
- Overview of Oracle Electronic Signatures and Electronic Records
- E-Signatures and E-Records Process Flow
- Electronic Signatures and Electronic Records Setup
- Reauthenticate E-Signature Users Using Oracle Access Manager
- Why am I not able to view text in my preferred language on the authentication page in Oracle Access Manager?
- Configure E-Signature Preferences
- Enable Audit for E-Signatures and E-Records
- Set Up E-Signature Task Configurations
- Define Approval Rules
- Set Up Approval Groups
23 Product Recall Management
- Overview of Product Recall Management
- Enable Product Recall Management
- Set Up Recall Parameters
- Set Up Product Recall Lookups
- Configure Business Rules for Notifications
- Configure Search
- Enable Oracle Content Curation Service
- Automatically Derive Item Identifiers in Recall Notice
- Reset Serial Number Restrictions to Quarantine Recalled Items
- Roles and Privileges