The /etc/shadow file stores users' encrypted passwords and related information. The fields in the shadow file are separated by colons and contain the following information:
username:password:lastchg:min:max:warn:inactive:expire
The default password hashing algorithm is SHA256. The password hash for the user is similar to the following:
$5$cgQk2iUy$AhHtVGx5Qd0.W3NCKjikb8.KhOiA4DpxsW55sP0UnYD
For a complete description of the fields in the shadow file, see the shadow (4) man page.