Configuration takes effect in your preview and live storefronts as follows:
Any edits that you make in the Catalog tab of Commerce Cloud take effect in the preview and live storefronts only when you publish Catalog content.
Any edits that you make in Search tab of Commerce Cloud take effect:
In the preview storefront immediately.
In the live storefront only when you publish catalog content.
Search interface configuration imported through the search interface REST API takes effect in the preview storefront immediately, but in the live storefront only when you publish catalog content.
All configurations besides search that have been imported through a REST API will appear in the preview and live storefronts only when you publish catalog content.