When you use the Search Interface API to create a search interface or make changes to an existing one, the changes take effect in the preview storefront immediately, without being published. Similarly, changes that you make to an existing search interface through the Search tab take effect in the preview storefront immediately

However, these changes take place in the live storefront only after you have published the entire catalog.

Toggling fields in the Search tab to determine whether they are searchable, are facets, or are multi-select facets, does not take effect until the merchandiser publishes these changes.