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Contents
List of Examples
List of Figures
List of Tables
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
Part I Getting Started
1
Getting Started with Oracle Traffic Director
1.1
New Features in 12c
1.1.1
Weblogic Management Framework
1.1.2
WLST Commands
1.1.3
Multi-tenancy Support
1.1.4
Monitoring Enhancements
1.1.5
Oracle Fusion Middleware T2P Utility for Oracle Traffic Director
1.1.6
External Health Check Executable
1.1.7
Queueing with Request Limiting
1.1.8
Origin Server Traffic Control
1.1.9
Origin Server and Origin Server Pool Maintenance
1.1.10
Prioritized Backend Connection Management
1.1.11
Forward Proxy Support in Origin Server Pools
1.1.12
NZ Security Library
1.1.13
ModSecurity Upgrade
1.1.14
Support for Event Notifications
1.1.15
High availability using active-active failover mode
1.1.16
Status Listeners to monitor Oracle Traffic Director instances
1.1.17
Enabling FTP configuration for TCP proxies
1.2
Features of Oracle Traffic Director
1.3
Typical Network Topology
1.4
Oracle Traffic Director Terminology
1.5
Oracle Traffic Director Deployment Scenarios
1.6
Overview of Administration Tasks
1.7
Accessing the Administration Interfaces
1.7.1
Accessing WebLogic Scripting Tool
1.7.1.1
Usage Modes
1.7.2
Displaying Fusion Middleware Control
1.8
Setting Up a Simple Load Balancer Using Oracle Traffic Director
1.8.1
Example Topology
1.8.2
Creating the Load Balancer for the Example Topology
1.8.3
Verifying the Load-Balancing Behavior of the Oracle Traffic Director Instance
Part II Basic Administration
2
Configuring the WebLogic Server Domain for Oracle Traffic Director
2.1
Creating a Domain
2.2
Understanding Oracle Traffic Director Domain types
2.2.1
Oracle Traffic Director with WebLogic Server (Collocated)
2.2.2
Oracle Traffic Director without WebLogic Server (Standalone)
2.2.3
Collocated Domain Vs Standalone Domain
2.3
Creating a Collocated Oracle Traffic Director Domain
2.3.1
Creating a Domain using Restricted JRF Template (Recommended)
2.3.2
Creating a Domain using Full JRF Template
2.3.3
Creating a Repository using Repository Creation Utility
2.3.4
Creating a Repository (Configurations without Restricted JRF Only)
2.3.5
Login to the Administration Console
2.4
Creating a Standalone Oracle Traffic Director Domain
2.4.1
Creating a Standalone Domain using the offline WLST commands
2.4.2
Creating a Standalone Domain using the Configuration Wizard
2.4.3
Instance Management
2.4.4
Monitoring Oracle Traffic Director Instance
2.4.4.1
Using statistics
2.4.4.2
Using SNMP
3
Managing Configurations
3.1
Creating a Configuration
3.2
Viewing a List of Configurations
3.3
Activate Configuration Changes
3.4
Modifying a Configuration
3.5
Copying a Configuration
3.6
Deleting a Configuration
4
Managing Instances
4.1
Creating Oracle Traffic Director Instances
4.2
Viewing a List of Oracle Traffic Director Instances
4.3
Starting, Stopping, and Restarting Oracle Traffic Director Instances
4.4
Updating Oracle Traffic Director Instances Without Restarting
4.5
Deleting Oracle Traffic Director Instances
4.6
Controlling Oracle Traffic Director Instances Through Scheduled Events
5
Managing Origin-Server Pools
5.1
Creating an Origin-Server Pool
5.2
Viewing a List of Origin-Server Pools
5.3
Modifying an Origin-Server Pool
5.4
Deleting an Origin-Server Pool
5.5
Configuring an Oracle WebLogic Server Cluster as an Origin-Server Pool
5.5.1
How Dynamic Discovery Works
5.5.2
Enabling Dynamic Discovery
5.6
Configuring a Custom Maintenance Page
5.7
Configuring Health-Check Settings for Origin-Server Pools
5.7.1
Using an External Health-Check Executable to Check the Health of a Server
5.7.1.1
Configuring Health-Check Settings to Use an External Executable
5.7.1.2
Parameters to the External Health Check Executable
5.7.1.3
Logging
6
Managing Origin Servers
6.1
Adding an Origin Server to a Pool
6.2
Viewing a List of Origin Servers
6.3
Modifying an Origin Server
6.4
Managing Ephemeral Ports
6.5
Removing an Origin Server from a Pool
7
Managing Virtual Servers
7.1
Creating a Virtual Server
7.2
Viewing a List of Virtual Servers
7.3
Modifying a Virtual Server
7.4
Configuring Routes
7.5
Copying a Virtual Server
7.6
Deleting a Virtual Server
7.7
Caching in Oracle Traffic Director
7.8
Reviewing Cache Settings and Metrics for an Instance
7.9
Tunable Caching Parameters
7.10
Configuring Caching Parameters
7.11
Content Serving
8
Managing TCP Proxies
8.1
Creating a TCP Proxy
8.2
Viewing a List of TCP Proxies
8.3
Modifying a TCP Proxy
8.4
Deleting a TCP Proxy
9
Managing Listeners
9.1
Creating a Listener
9.2
Viewing a List of Listeners
9.3
Modifying a Listener
9.4
Deleting a Listener
9.5
Configure OTD to listen on privileged ports
9.6
Configuring Status Listener
9.6.1
Configuring Status Listener using Fusion Middleware Control
9.6.2
Configuring Status Listener Using WLST
Part III Advanced Administration
10
Managing Security
10.1
Configuring SSL/TLS Between Oracle Traffic Director and Clients
10.1.1
Overview of the SSL/TLS Configuration Process
10.1.2
Configuring SSL/TLS for a Listener
10.1.3
Associating Certificates with Virtual Servers
10.1.4
Configuring SSL/TLS Ciphers for a Listener
10.1.5
Certificate-Selection Logic
10.1.6
About Strict SNI Host Matching
10.1.7
SSL/TLS Concepts
10.2
Configuring SSL/TLS Between Oracle Traffic Director and Origin Servers
10.2.1
About One-Way and Two-Way SSL/TLS
10.2.2
Configuring One-Way SSL/TLS Between Oracle Traffic Director and Origin Servers
10.2.3
Configuring Two-Way SSL/TLS Between Oracle Traffic Director and Origin Servers
10.2.4
Converting a non-SSL Oracle Traffic Director Instance to an SSL Oracle Traffic Director Instance
10.3
Managing Certificates
10.3.1
Generating a Keypair
10.3.2
Obtaining a CA-Signed Certificate
10.3.3
Importing a Certificate
10.3.4
Viewing a List of Certificates
10.3.5
Renewing a Server Certificate
10.3.6
Deleting a Certificate
10.4
Managing Certificate Revocation Lists
10.4.1
Installing and Deleting CRLs Manually
10.4.2
Update CRLs Automatically
10.5
Managing Web Application Firewalls
10.5.1
Overview of Web Application Firewalls
10.5.2
Configuring Web Application Firewalls
10.5.2.1
Enabling and Installing Web Application Firewall Rule Sets
10.5.3
Listing the Rule Set Files
10.5.4
Removing Rule Set Files
10.5.5
Supported Web Application Firewall Directives, Variables, Operators, Actions, Functions, Persistent Storages and Phases
10.6
Configuring Client Authentication
10.7
Preventing Denial-of-Service Attacks
10.7.1
Request Limiting Parameters
10.7.2
Configuring Request Limits for a Virtual Server
10.8
Configure SSL Pass through on OTD
10.8.1
Configure OTD to pass through SSL information from an external (hardware) Load Balancer
10.8.2
Configure WebLogic to receive SSL information from Web Tier / Traffic Director
10.8.3
Configure F5-BigIP to send specific header to OTD
11
Managing Logs
11.1
About the Oracle Traffic Director Logs
11.1.1
Access Log
11.1.2
Server Log
11.2
Viewing Logs
11.3
Configuring Log Preferences
11.4
About Log Rotation
11.5
Rotating Logs Manually
11.6
Configuring Oracle Traffic Director to Rotate Logs Automatically
12
Monitoring Oracle Traffic Director Instances
12.1
Methods for Monitoring Oracle Traffic Director Instances
12.2
Configuring Statistics-Collection Settings
12.3
Configuring URI Access to Statistics Reports
12.4
Viewing Statistics Using WLST
12.5
Viewing stats-xml and perfdump Reports Through a Browser
12.6
Monitoring Using SNMP
12.6.1
Configuring Oracle Traffic Director Instances for SNMP Support
12.6.2
Configuring the SNMP Subagent
12.6.2.1
SNMP v3 User configuration
12.6.3
Starting and Stopping the SNMP Subagent
12.6.4
Viewing Statistics Using snmpwalk
12.7
Monitoring Using DMS
12.8
Sample XML (stats-xml) Report
12.9
Sample Plain-Text (perfdump) Report
13
Event Notifications
13.1
Origin server status change event
13.1.1
Subscribing to origin server status event using Fusion Middleware Control
13.1.2
Subscribing to origin server status change event Using WLST
13.1.3
Notification format
13.1.3.1
JSON Schema
13.1.3.2
Example
13.1.4
Error handling
13.2
Request limit exceeded event
13.2.1
Subscribing to request limit exceeded event Using WLST
13.2.2
Notification format
13.2.2.1
JSON schema
13.2.2.2
Example
14
Configuring Oracle Traffic Director for High Availability
14.1
Overview of High-Availability
14.1.1
High Availability in Network Topology
14.1.2
Failover configuration modes
14.1.3
Failover in Active-Passive Mode
14.1.4
Failover in Active-Active Mode
14.2
Creating and Managing Failover Groups
14.2.1
Creating Failover Groups
14.2.1.1
Creating Failover Groups Using Fusion Middleware Control
14.2.1.2
Creating Failover Groups Using WLST
14.2.2
Managing Failover Groups
15
Tuning Oracle Traffic Director for Performance
15.1
General Tuning Guidelines
15.2
Tuning the File Descriptor Limit
15.3
Tuning the Thread Pool and Connection Queue
15.3.1
About Threads and Connections
15.3.2
Reviewing Thread Pool Metrics for an Instance
15.3.3
Reviewing Connection Queue Metrics for an Instance
15.3.4
Tuning the Thread Pool and Connection Queue Settings
15.4
Tuning HTTP Listener Settings
15.5
Tuning Keep-Alive Settings
15.5.1
About Keep-Alive Connections
15.5.2
Reviewing Keep-Alive Connection Settings and Metrics
15.5.3
Tuning Keep-Alive Settings
15.6
Tuning HTTP Request and Response Limits
15.7
Tuning DNS Caching Settings
15.7.1
Viewing DNS Cache Settings and Metrics
15.7.2
Configuring DNS Cache Settings
15.8
Tuning SSL/TLS-Related Settings
15.8.1
SSL/TLS Session Caching
15.8.2
Ciphers and Certificate Keys
15.9
Configuring Access-Log Buffer Settings
15.10
Enabling and Configuring Content Compression
15.11
Tuning Connections to Origin Servers
15.12
Solaris-specific Tuning
15.12.1
Files Open in a Single Process (File Descriptor Limits)
15.12.2
Failure to Connect to HTTP Server
15.12.3
Tuning TCP Buffering
15.12.4
Reduce File System Maintenance
15.12.5
Long Service Times on Busy Volumes or Disks
15.12.6
Short-Term System Monitoring
15.12.7
Long-Term System Monitoring
15.12.8
Tuning for Performance Benchmarking
16
Diagnosing and Troubleshooting Problems
16.1
Roadmap for Troubleshooting Oracle Traffic Director
16.1.1
Troubleshooting High Availability Configuration Issues
16.2
Solutions to Common Errors
16.2.1
Startup failure: could not bind to port
16.2.2
Unable to start server with HTTP listener port 80
16.2.3
Oracle Traffic Director consumes excessive memory at startup
16.2.4
Operating system error: Too many open files in system
16.2.5
Unable to stop instance after changing the temporary directory
16.2.6
Unable to restart the administration server
16.2.7
Oracle Traffic Director does not maintain session stickiness
16.3
Frequently Asked Questions
16.3.1
What is a "configuration"?
16.3.2
How do I access Fusion Middleware Control?
16.3.3
Why do I see a certificate warning when I access Fusion Middleware Control for the first time?
16.3.4
Can I manually edit configuration files?
16.3.5
In Fusion Middleware Control, what is the difference between saving a configuration and deploying it?
16.3.6
Why is the "Deployment Pending" message displayed in Fusion Middleware Control?
16.3.7
Why is the "Instance Configuration Deployed" message is displayed in Fusion Middleware Control?
16.3.8
Why does Fusion Middleware Control session end abruptly?
16.3.9
How do I access the WLST?
16.3.10
Why is a certificate warning message displayed when I tried to access the WLST for the first time?
16.3.11
How do I find out the short names for the options of a WLST command?
16.3.12
Why am I unable to select TCP as the health-check protocol when dynamic discovery is enabled?
16.3.13
After I changed the origin servers in a pool to Oracle WebLogic Servers, they are not discovered automatically, though dynamic discovery is enabled. Why?
16.3.14
How do I view the request and response headers sent and received by Oracle Traffic Director?
16.3.15
How do I enable SSL/TLS for an Oracle Traffic Director instance?
16.3.16
How do I find out which SSL/TLS cipher suites are supported and enabled?
16.3.17
How do I view a list of installed certificates?
16.3.18
How do I issue test requests to an SSL/TLS-enabled Oracle Traffic Director instance?
16.3.19
How do I analyze SSL/TLS connections?
16.3.20
How do I view details of SSL/TLS communication between Oracle Traffic Director instances and Oracle WebLogic Server origin servers?
16.3.21
Why are certain SSL/TLS-enabled origin servers marked offline after health checks, even though the servers are up?
16.3.22
Does Oracle Traffic Director rewrite the source IP address of clients before forwarding requests to the origin servers?
16.3.23
Why does Oracle Traffic Director return a 405 status code?
16.4
Contacting Oracle for Support
A
Metrics Tracked by Oracle Traffic Director
A.1
Instance Metrics
A.2
Process Metrics
A.3
Connection Queue Metrics
A.4
Thread Pool Metrics
A.5
DNS Cache Metrics
A.6
Keep-Alive Metrics
A.7
Thread Metrics
A.8
Compression and Decompression Metrics
A.9
Virtual Server Metrics
A.10
CPU Metrics
A.11
Origin Server Metrics
A.12
Failover Instance Metrics
A.13
Cache Metrics
A.14
DMS Metrics Tables
B
Web Application Firewall Examples and Use Cases
B.1
Basics of Rules
B.2
Rules Against Major Attacks
B.2.1
Brute Force Attacks
B.2.2
SQL Injection
B.2.3
XSS Attacks
C
Securing Oracle Traffic Director Deployment
C.1
Securing Oracle Traffic Director
D
Oracle Fusion Middleware T2P Utility for Oracle Traffic Director
D.1
Introduction
D.2
Overview of the T2P Process
D.3
Requirements
D.4
Usage of the T2P Utility
D.4.1
Copy Binary (Oracle Home)
D.4.2
Copy Configuration
D.4.3
Edit Configuration
D.4.4
Paste Binary (Oracle Home)
D.4.5
Paste Configuration
D.5
Extracting and Customizing an Oracle Traffic Director Move Plan
D.6
Logging
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