While this variant is the simplest to set up, you must be aware that this will give a guest operating system direct and full access to an entire physical disk. If your host operating system is also booted from this disk, please take special care to not access the partition from the guest at all. On the positive side, the physical disk can be repartitioned in arbitrary ways without having to recreate the image file that gives access to the raw disk.

On a Linux host, to create an image that represents an entire physical hard disk which will not contain any actual data, as this will all be stored on the physical disk, use the following command:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename \
/path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda

This creates the /path-to-file.vmdk file image that must be an absolute path. All data is read and written from /dev/sda.

On a Windows host, instead of the above device specification, for example use \\.\PhysicalDrive0. On a Mac OS X host, instead of the above device specification use for example /dev/disk1. Note that on Mac OS X you can only get access to an entire disk if no volume is mounted from it.

Creating the image requires read/write access for the given device. Read/write access is also later needed when using the image from a virtual machine. On some host platforms, such as Windows, raw disk access may be restricted and not permitted by the host OS in some situations.

Just like with regular disk images, this does not automatically attach the newly created image to a virtual machine. This can be done as follows:

$ VBoxManage storageattach WindowsXP --storagectl "IDE Controller" \
 --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium /path/to/file.vmdk

When this is done the selected virtual machine will boot from the specified physical disk.

This raw partition support is quite similar to the full hard disk access described above. However, in this case, any partitioning information will be stored inside the VMDK image. This means that you can install a different boot loader in the virtual hard disk without affecting the host's partitioning information. While the guest will be able to see all partitions that exist on the physical disk, access will be filtered in that reading from partitions for which no access is allowed the partitions will only yield zeroes, and all writes to them are ignored.

To create a special image for raw partition support, which will contain a small amount of data, on a Linux host, use the command:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename \
/path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 1,5

The command is identical to the one for full hard disk access, except for the additional -partitions parameter. This example would create the image /path-to-file.vmdk, which must be absolute, and partitions 1 and 5 of /dev/sda would be made accessible to the guest.

Oracle VM VirtualBox uses the same partition numbering as your Linux host. As a result, the numbers given in the above example would refer to the first primary partition and the first logical drive in the extended partition, respectively.

On a Windows host, instead of the above device specification, use for example \\.\PhysicalDrive0. On a Mac OS X host, instead of the above device specification use /dev/disk1, for example. Note that on OS X you can only use partitions which are not mounted. Eject the respective volume first. Partition numbers are the same on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X hosts.

The numbers for the list of partitions can be taken from the output of the following command:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands listpartitions -rawdisk /dev/sda

The output lists the partition types and sizes to give the user enough information to identify the partitions necessary for the guest.

Images which give access to individual partitions are specific to a particular host disk setup. You cannot transfer these images to another host. Also, whenever the host partitioning changes, the image must be recreated.

Creating the image requires read/write access for the given device. Read/write access is also later needed when using the image from a virtual machine. If this is not feasible, there is a special variant for raw partition access, currently only available on Linux hosts, that avoids having to give the current user access to the entire disk. To set up such an image, use:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename \
/path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 1,5 -relative

When used from a virtual machine, the image will then refer not to the entire disk, but only to the individual partitions. In this example, /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda5. As a consequence, read/write access is only required for the affected partitions, not for the entire disk. During creation however, read-only access to the entire disk is required to obtain the partitioning information.

In some configurations it may be necessary to change the MBR code of the created image. For example, to replace the Linux boot loader that is used on the host by another boot loader. This enables for example the guest to boot directly to Windows, while the host boots Linux from the "same" disk. For this purpose the -mbr option is provided. It specifies a file name from which to take the MBR code. The partition table is not modified at all, so a MBR file from a system with totally different partitioning can be used. An example of this is:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename
/path/to/file.vmdk -rawdisk /dev/sda -partitions 1,5 -mbr winxp.mbr

The modified MBR will be stored inside the image, not on the host disk.

The created image can be attached to a storage controller in a VM configuration as usual.