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System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
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About This Book
Chapter 1 Solaris Management Tools (Roadmap)
What's New in Solaris Management Tools?
Matrix of Solaris Management Tools Support
Feature Descriptions for Solaris 9 Management Tools
Feature Descriptions for Solaris 8 Management Tools
Feature Descriptions for Previous Solaris Management Tools
Availability Solaris Management Commands
Solaris 9 System Management Commands
Solaris 8 System Management Commands
Descriptions for Previous Solaris Management Commands
For More Information About Solaris Management Tools
Chapter 2 Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)
Solaris Management Console (Overview)
What Is the Solaris Management Console?
Solaris Management Console Tools
Why Use the Solaris Management Console?
Organization of the Solaris Management Console
Changing the Solaris Management Console Window
Solaris Management Console Documentation
How Much Role-Based Access Control?
Becoming Superuser (root) or Assuming a Role
How to Become Superuser (root) or Assume a Role
Using the Solaris Management Tools With RBAC (Task Map)
If You Are the First to Log In to the Console
Creating the Primary Administrator Role
How to Create the First Role (Primary Administrator)
How to Assume the Primary Administrator Role
Starting the Solaris Management Console
How to Start the Console as Superuser or as a Role
Using the Solaris Management Tools in a Name Service Environment (Task Map)
RBAC Security Files
Prerequisites for Using the Solaris Management Console in a Name Service Environment
Management Scope
The /etc/nsswitch.conf File
How to Create a Toolbox for a Specific Environment
Where to Go From Here
How to Add a Tool to a Toolbox
How to Start the Solaris Management Console in a Name Service Environment
Adding Tools to the Solaris Management Console
How to Add a Legacy Tool to a Toolbox
How to Install an Unbundled Tool
Troubleshooting the Solaris Management Console
How to Troubleshoot the Solaris Management Console
Chapter 3 Managing Users and Groups Topics
Chapter 4 Managing User Accounts and Groups (Overview)
What's New in Managing Users and Groups?
Solaris Management Console Tools Suite
Solaris Directory Services
Managing Users and Resources With Projects
What Are User Accounts and Groups?
Guidelines for Managing User Accounts
Name Services
User (Login) Names
User ID Numbers
Using Large User IDs and Group IDs
Passwords
Password Aging
Home Directories
User's Work Environment
Guidelines for Managing Groups
Tools for Managing User Accounts and Groups
What You Can Do With Solaris User Management Tools
Modify User Accounts
Delete User Accounts
Add Customized User Initialization Files
Administer Passwords
Disable User Accounts
Where User Account and Group Information Is Stored
Fields in the passwd File
Default passwd File
Fields in the shadow File
Fields in the group File
Default group file
Customizing a User's Work Environment
Using Site Initialization Files
Avoid Local System References
Shell Features
Shell Environment
The PATH Variable
Setting Path Guidelines
Examples—Setting a User's Default Path
Locale Variables
Examples—Setting the Locale Using the LANG Variables
Default File Permissions (umask)
Examples of User and Site Initialization Files
Example—.profile File
Example—.cshrc File
Example—Site Initialization File
Chapter 5 Managing User Accounts and Groups (Tasks)
Setting Up User Accounts (Task Map)
User Information Data Sheet
How to Customize User Initialization Files
Example—Customizing User Initialization Files
How to Share a User's Home Directory
Where to Go From Here
Example—Sharing a User's Home Directory
How to Mount a User's Home Directory
Example—Mounting a User's Home Directory
Maintaining User Accounts (Task Map)
Solaris User Registration
Accessing Solaris Solve
Troubleshooting Solaris User Registration Problems
How to Restart Solaris User Registration
How To Disable User Registration
Chapter 6 Managing Server and Client Support Topics
Chapter 7 Managing Server and Client Support (Overview)
What's New in Server and Client Management?
Diskless Client Support
Where to Find Server and Client Tasks
What Are Servers, Clients, and Appliances?
What Does Client Support Mean?
Overview of System Types
Servers
Standalone Systems
Diskless Clients
AutoClient Systems
Appliances
Guidelines for Choosing System Types
Diskless Client Management Overview
OS Server and Diskless Client Support Information
Diskless Client Management Features
Working With Diskless Client Commands
Required RBAC Rights for Diskless Client Management
Adding OS Services
Adding OS Services When the OS Server Has Been Patched
Disk Space Requirements for OS Servers
Chapter 8 Managing Diskless Clients (Tasks)
Managing Diskless Clients (Task Map)
Managing Diskless Clients
How to Prepare for Adding Diskless Clients
How to Add OS Services For Diskless Client Support
Example—Adding an OS Service for Diskless Client Support
How to Add a Diskless Client
Examples—Adding a Diskless Client
How to Boot a Diskless Client
How to Delete Diskless Client Support
Example—Deleting Diskless Client Support
How to Delete OS Services for Diskless Clients
Example—Deleting OS Services for Diskless Clients
Patching Diskless Client OS Services
Displaying OS Patches for Diskless Clients
How to Add an OS Patch for a Diskless Client
Example—Adding an OS Patch for a Diskless Client
Troubleshooting Diskless Client Problems
Chapter 9 Shutting Down and Booting a System Topics
Chapter 10 Shutting Down and Booting a System (Overview)
What's New in Shutting Down and Booting a System?
PXE Network Boot
Where to Find Shutting Down and Booting Tasks
Shutting Down and Booting Terminology
Guidelines for Shutting Down a System
Guidelines for Booting a System
Booting a System From the Network
When to Shut Down a System
When to Boot a System
Chapter 11 Run Levels and Boot Files (Tasks)
Run Levels
How to Determine a System's Run Level
Example—Determining a System's Run Level
The /etc/inittab File
Example—Default inittab File
What Happens When the System Is Brought to Run Level 3
Run Control Scripts
Run Control Script Summaries
The /sbin/rc0 Script
The /sbin/rc1 Script
The /sbin/rc2 Script
The /sbin/rc3 Script
The /sbin/rc5 and /sbin/rc6 Scripts
The /sbin/rcS Script
Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start Services
How to Use a Run Control Script to Stop or Start a Service
Example—Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start a Service
Adding a Run Control Script
How to Add a Run Control Script
Example—Adding a Run Control Script
Disabling a Run Control Script
How to Disable a Run Control Script
Example—Disabling a Run Control Script
Chapter 12 Shutting Down a System (Tasks)
Shutting Down the System
System Shutdown Commands
User Notification of System Down Time
How to Determine Who Is Logged in to a System
Example—Determining Who Is Logged in to a System
How to Shut Down a Server
SPARC: Example—Bringing a Server to Run Level S
SPARC: Example—Bringing a Server to Run Level 0
SPARC: Example—Rebooting a Server to Run Level 3
Where to Go From Here
How to Shut Down a Standalone System
x86: Example—Bringing a Standalone System to Run Level 0
SPARC: Example—Bringing a Standalone System to Run Level S
Where to Go From Here
Turning Off Power to All Devices
How to Turn Off Power to All Devices
Chapter 13 SPARC: Booting a System (Tasks)
SPARC: Booting a System (Task Map)
SPARC: Using the Boot PROM
SPARC: How to Find the PROM Revision for a System
SPARC: How to Change the Default Boot Device
SPARC: Examples—Changing the Default Boot Device
SPARC: How to Reset the System
SPARC: Booting a System
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
SPARC: Example—Booting a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
SPARC: Example—Booting a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
SPARC: How to Boot a System Interactively
SPARC: Example—Booting a System Interactively
SPARC: How to Boot a System From the Network
SPARC: How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: Example—Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: Example—Booting a System for Recovery Purposes (Damaged Password File)
SPARC: Example—Booting a System if You Forgot Root Password
SPARC: How to Boot the System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
SPARC: Example—Booting the System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
SPARC: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
SPARC: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
SPARC: Example—Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
Chapter 14 IA: Booting a System (Tasks)
IA: Booting a System (Task Map)
IA: Booting the Solaris Device Configuration Assistant
IA: How to Boot the Solaris Device Configuration Assistant
IA: Booting a System
IA: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
Example—Booting a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level)
IA: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
IA: Example—Booting a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level)
IA: How to Boot a System Interactively
IA: Example—Booting a System Interactively
IA: How to Boot a System From the Network
IA: How to Stop a System for Recovery Purposes
IA: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
IA: Example—Booting a System for Recovery Purposes
IA: Example—Booting a System if You Forgot Root Password
IA: How to Boot a System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
Example—Booting a System With the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
IA: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
IA: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
Chapter 15 The Boot Process (Reference)
SPARC: The Boot PROM
SPARC: The Boot Process
IA: The PC BIOS
IA: Boot Subsystems
IA: Booting the Solaris Release
IA: Screens Displayed During the Device Identification Phase
IA: Configuration Assistant Screen
IA: Bus Enumeration Screen
IA: Scanning Devices Screen
IA: Identified Devices Screen
IA: Menus Displayed During the Boot Phase
IA: Boot Solaris Menu
IA: Current Boot Parameters Menu
IA: The Boot Process
Chapter 16 Managing Removable Media Topics
Chapter 17 Managing Removable Media (Overview)
What's New in Managing Removable Media?
Where to Find Managing Removable Media Tasks
Removable Media Features and Benefits
Comparison of Automatic and Manual Mounting
What You Can Do With Volume Management
Chapter 18 Accessing Removable Media (Tasks)
Accessing Removable Media (Task Map)
Accessing Removable Media (Overview)
Using Removable Media Names
Guidelines for Accessing Removable Media Data
Accessing Jaz Drives or Zip Drives
How to Add a New Removable Media Drive
How to Stop and Start Volume Management (vold)
How to Stop Volume Management (vold)
How to Restart Volume Management (vold)
How to Access Information on Removable Media
Examples—Accessing Information on Removable Media
How to Copy Information From Removable Media
How to Play a Musical CD or DVD
How to Find Out If Removable Media Is Still in Use
Example—Finding Out If the Media Is Still in Use
How to Eject Removable Media
Accessing Removable Media on a Remote System (Task Map)
How to Make Local Media Available to Other Systems
Example—Making Local CDs Available to Other Systems
Example—Making Local Diskettes Available to Other Systems
Example—Making Local PCMCIA Memory Cards Available to Other Systems
How to Access Removable Media on Remote Systems
Example—Accessing CDs on Other Systems
Example—Accessing Diskettes on Other Systems
Example—Accessing PCMCIA Memory Cards on Other Systems
Chapter 19 Formatting Removable Media (Tasks)
Formatting Removable Media (Task Map)
Formatting Removable Media Overview
Formatting Removable Media Guidelines
Removable Media Hardware Considerations
Diskette Hardware Considerations
PCMCIA Memory Card Hardware Considerations
How to Load a Removable Media
How to Format Removable Media (rmformat)
Examples—Formatting Removable Media
How to Format Removable Media for Adding a File System
Example—Formatting a Diskette for a UFS File System
Example—Formatting a PCMCIA Memory Card for a UFS File System
Examples—Formatting Removable Media for a PCFS File System
How to Check a File System on Removable Media
Example—Checking a PCFS File System on Removable Media
How to Repair Bad Blocks on Removable Media
Applying Read or Write and Password Protection to Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Write Protection on Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Read or Write Protection and a Password on Iomega Media
Examples—Enabling or Disabling Read or Write Protection
Chapter 20 Writing CDs (Tasks)
Working with Audio and Data CDs
CD Media Commonly Used Terms
Writing Data and Audio CDs
Restricting User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Restrict User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Identify a CD Writer
How to Check the CD Media
Creating a Data CD
How to Create an ISO 9660 File System for a Data CD
Example—Creating an ISO 9660 File System for a Data CD
How to Create a Multi-Session Data CD
Creating an Audio CD
How to Create an Audio CD
Examples—Creating an Audio CD
How to Extract an Audio Track on a CD
Examples—Extracting and Creating Audio CDs
How to Copy a CD
Example—Copying a CD
How to Erase CD-RW Media
Chapter 21 Managing Software Topics
Chapter 22 Managing Software (Overview)
What's New in Software Management?
Solaris Product Registry 3.0
Patch Analyzer
Solaris Management Console Patch Manager
Where to Find Software Management Tasks
Overview of Software Packages
Tools for Managing Software Packages
Adding or Removing a Software Package
Key Points for Adding or Removing Software Packages
Guidelines for Removing Packages
Avoiding User Interaction When Adding Packages
Using an Administration File
Using a Response File
Chapter 23 Managing Software (Tasks)
Commands for Managing Software Packages
Adding Software With the Solaris Web Start Program
How to Install Software With the Solaris Web Start Program
Adding and Removing Software With the Product Registry
How to View Installed or Uninstalled Software Information With the Product Registry
How to Install Software With the Product Registry
How to Uninstall Software With the Product Registry
Adding and Removing Software Packages With Admintool
How to Add Software Packages With Admintool
How to Remove Software Packages With Admintool
Adding and Removing Software Packages With Package Commands
How to Add Software Packages (pkgadd)
Example—Adding Software Packages From a Mounted CD
Example—Installing Software Packages From a Remote Package Server
Adding a Software Package to a Spool Directory
How to Add Software Packages to a Spool Directory (pkgadd)
Example—Setting Up a Spool Directory From a Mounted CD
Example—Setting Up a Spool Directory From a Remote Software Package Server
Example—Installing Software Packages From the Default Spool Directory
How to List Information About All Installed Packages (pkginfo)
Example—Listing All Packages Installed
Example—Displaying Detailed Information About Software Packages
How to Check the Integrity of Installed Software Packages (pkgchk)
Example—Checking the Contents of Installed Software Packages
Example—Checking the File Attributes of Installed Software Packages
Example—Checking Software Packages Installed in a Spool Directory
Removing Software Packages
How to Remove Software Packages (pkgrm)
Example—Removing Software Packages
Example—Removing a Spooled Software Package
Chapter 24 Managing Solaris Patches (Tasks)
What Is a Patch?
Tools for Managing Solaris Patches
Solaris Patch Distribution
Accessing Solaris Patches
Solaris Patch Numbering
How to Display Information About Installed Solaris Patches
Adding a Solaris Patch
How to Add a Solaris Patch
Example—Adding a Solaris Patch
How to Download and Add a Solaris Patch From SunSolve
Removing a Solaris Patch
How to Remove a Solaris Patch
Example—Removing a Solaris Patch
Chapter 25 Managing Devices Topics
Chapter 26 Managing Devices (Tasks)
What's New in Device Management?
RCM Scripting
New Dynamic Reconfiguration Error Messages
Where to Find Device Management Tasks
About Device Drivers
Automatic Configuration of Devices
Features and Benefits of Autoconfiguration
What You Need for Unsupported Devices
Displaying Device Configuration Information
driver not attached Message
Identifying a System's Devices
How to Display System Configuration Information
Examples—Displaying System Configuration Information
How to Display Device Information
Examples—Displaying Device Information
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
How to Add a Peripheral Device
How to Add a Device Driver
Example—Adding a Device Driver
Chapter 27 Dynamically Configuring Devices (Tasks)
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Hot-Plugging
Attachment Points
x86: Detaching PCI Adapter Cards
x86: Attaching PCI Adapter Cards
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
How to Display Information About SCSI Devices
How to Unconfigure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Device
How to Disconnect a SCSI Controller
How to Connect a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Add a SCSI Device to a SCSI Bus
SPARC: How to Replace an Identical Device on a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Remove a SCSI Device
SPARC: Troubleshooting SCSI Configuration Problems
How to Resolve a Failed SCSI Unconfigure Operation
PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
x86: PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
IA: How to Display PCI Slot Configuration Information
IA: How to Remove a PCI Adapter Card
IA: How to Add a PCI Adapter Card
x86: Troubleshooting PCI Configuration Problems
Reconfiguration Coordination Manager (RCM) Script Overview
What Is an RCM Script?
What Can an RCM Script Do?
How Does the RCM Script Process Work?
RCM Script Commands
RCM Script Processing Environment
RCM Script Tasks
Application Developer RCM Script (Task Map)
System Administrator RCM Script (Task Map)
Naming an RCM Script
Installing or Removing an RCM Script
How to Install an RCM Script
How to Remove an RCM Script
How to Test an RCM Script
Tape Backup RCM Script Example
What the Tape Backup RCM Script Does
Outcomes of the Tape Backup Reconfiguration Scenarios
Example—Tape Backup RCM Script
Chapter 28 Using USB Devices (Overview/Tasks)
Overview of USB Devices
Commonly Used USB Acronyms
USB Bus Description
USB Devices and Drivers
Solaris USB Architecture (USBA)
About USB in the Solaris Environment
USB Keyboards and Mouse Devices
USB Host Controller and Root Hub
USB Hub Devices
SPARC: USB Power Management
Guidelines for USB Cables
Using USB Mass Storage Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices
Using Non-Compliant USB Mass Storage Devices
Hot-Plugging USB Devices
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Remove a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Remove a Hot-Pluggable USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
Mounting USB Mass Storage Devices With or Without vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Add a Hot-Pluggable USB Camera
Using USB Audio Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Audio Devices
Hot-Plugging Multiple USB Audio Devices
How to Add Hot-Pluggable USB Audio Devices
How to Identify Your System's Primary Audio Device
How to Change the Primary USB Audio Device
How to Remove Unused USB Audio Device Links
Troubleshooting USB Audio Device Problems
Solving USB Speaker Problems
Audio Device Ownership Key Points
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command
How to Display USB Device Information
How to Unconfigure a USB Device
How to Configure a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device
How to Logically Connect a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device Subtree
How to Reset a USB Device
Chapter 29 Accessing Devices (Overview)
Accessing Devices
How Device Information Is Created
How Devices Are Managed
Device Naming Conventions
Logical Disk Device Names
Specifying the Disk Subdirectory
Specifying the Slice
SPARC: Disks With Direct Controllers
x86: Disks With Direct Controllers
SPARC: Disks With Bus-Oriented Controllers
x86: Disks With SCSI Controllers
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical Removable Media Device Names
Chapter 30 Managing Disks Topics
Chapter 31 Managing Disks (Overview)
What's New in Disk Management?
Solaris Volume Manager and Soft Partitioning
Where to Find Disk Management Tasks
Overview of Disk Management
Disk Terminology
About Disk Slices
SPARC: Disk Slices
x86: Disk Slices
Using Raw Data Slices
Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks
Determining Which Slices to Use
The format Utility
When to Use the format Utility
Guidelines for Using the format Utility
Formatting a Disk
About Disk Labels
Partition Table
Displaying Partition Table Information
Dividing a Disk Into Slices
Using the Free Hog Slice
Chapter 32 Administering Disks (Tasks)
Administering Disks (Task Map)
Identifying Disks on a System
How to Identify the Disks on a System
Examples—Identifying the Disks on a System
Where to Go From Here
Formatting a Disk
How to Determine if a Disk is Formatted
Example—Determining if a Disk Is Formatted
How to Format a Disk
Example—Formatting a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
How to Display Disk Slice Information
Examples—Displaying Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
How to Label a Disk
Example—Labeling a Disk
How to Examine a Disk Label
Example—Examining a Disk Label
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating a format.dat Entry
How to Create a format.dat Entry
Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives
How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
How to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks for Managing Disks
Debugging format Sessions
Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands
Example—Labeling Multiple Disks
Chapter 33 SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk
SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
SPARC: Example—Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk
SPARC: Example—Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Create File Systems
SPARC: Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
SPARC: Example—Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 34 x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
x86: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
x86: Adding a System or Secondary Disk
IA: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
x86: Where to Go From Here
IA: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
x86: Where to Go From Here
x86: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition
IA: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition
x86: Where to Go From Here
x86: Example—Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition That Spans the Entire Drive
x86: Example—Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition While Preserving an Existing fdisk Partition
x86: Example—Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition and an Additional fdisk Partition
IA: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
x86: Where to Go From Here
IA: How to Create File Systems
x86: Where to Go From Here
IA: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
x86: Example—Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 35 The format Utility (Reference)
Recommendations and Requirements for Using The format Utility
Format Menu and Command Descriptions
The partition Menu
x86: The fdisk Menu
The analyze Menu
The defect Menu
The format.dat File
Contents of the format.dat File
Syntax of the format.dat File
Keywords in the format.dat File
Disk Type (format.dat)
Partition or Slice Tables (format.dat)
Specifying an Alternate Data File for the format utility
Rules for Input to format Commands
Specifying Numbers to format Commands
Specifying Block Numbers to format Commands
Specifying format Command Names
Specifying Disk Names to format Commands
Getting Help on the format Utility
Chapter 36 Managing File Systems Topics
Chapter 37 Managing File Systems (Overview)
What's New in File Systems?
Extended File Attributes
UFS Snapshots
Improved UFS Direct I/O Concurrency
Improved mkfs Performance
New labelit Options for UDF File Systems
Where to Find File System Management Tasks
Overview of File Systems
Types of File Systems
Disk-Based File Systems
Network-Based File Systems
Virtual File Systems
The CacheFS File System
The Universal Disk Format (UDF) File System
Temporary File System
The Loopback File System
Process File System
Additional Virtual File Systems
Commands for File System Administration
How File System Commands Determine the File System Type
Manual Pages for Generic and Specific Commands
The Default Solaris File Systems
Swap Space
The UFS File System
UFS Logging
Planning UFS File Systems
UFS Direct Input/Output (I/O)
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
The Mounted File System Table
The Virtual File System Table
The NFS Environment
Automounting or AutoFS
Determining a File System's Type
How to Determine a File System's Type
Example—Determining a File System's Type
Chapter 38 Creating File Systems (Tasks)
Creating a UFS File System
Default Parameters for the newfs Command
How to Create a UFS File System
Example—Creating a UFS File System
Where to Go From Here
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
How to Create a TMPFS File System
Example—Creating a TMPFS File System
Example—Mounting a TMPFS File System at Boot Time
Creating a Loopback File System (LOFS)
How to Create an LOFS File System
Example—Creating and Mounting an LOFS File System
Example—Mounting an LOFS File System at Boot Time
Chapter 39 Mounting and Unmounting File Systems (Tasks)
Overview of Mounting File Systems
Commands for Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
Commonly Used Mount Options
Field Descriptions for the /etc/vfstab File
Mounting File Systems
How to Determine Which File Systems Are Mounted
Example—Determining Which File Systems Are Mounted
How to Add an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
Examples—Adding an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount a File System (/etc/vfstab File)
Example—Mounting a File System (/etc/vfstab File)
Examples—Mounting All File Systems (/etc/vfstab File)
How to Mount a UFS File System (mount Command)
Example—Mounting a UFS File System (mount Command)
Example—Mounting a UFS File System With Logging Enabled (mount Command)
How to Mount a UFS File System Without Large Files (mount Command)
Example—Mounting a File System Without Large Files (mount Command)
How to Mount an NFS File System (mount Command)
Example—Mounting an NFS File System (mount Command)
x86: How to Mount a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk (mount Command)
x86: Examples—Mounting a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk (mount Command)
Unmounting File Systems
Prerequisites for Unmounting File Systems
How to Verify a File System is Unmounted
How to Stop All Processes Accessing a File System
Example—Stopping All Processes Accessing a File System
How to Unmount a File System
Examples—Unmounting a File System
Chapter 40 Using The CacheFS File System (Tasks)
High-Level View of Using the CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Overview of the CacheFS File System
How a CacheFS File System Works
CacheFS File System Structure and Behavior
Creating and Mounting a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
How to Create the Cache
Example—Creating the Cache
Mounting a File System in the Cache
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (mount)
Examples—Mounting a CacheFS File System (mount)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (/etc/vfstab)
Example—Mounting a CacheFS File System (/etc/vfstab)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (AutoFS)
Example—Mounting a CacheFS File System (AutoFS)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System
Modifying a CacheFS File System
How to Display Information About a CacheFS File System
Example—Displaying Information About CacheFS File Systems
Consistency Checking of a CacheFS File System
Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Specify Cache Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Delete a CacheFS File System
Examples—Deleting a CacheFS File System
How to Check the Integrity of a CacheFS File System
Example—Checking the Integrity of CacheFS File Systems
Packing a Cached File System (Task Map)
Packing a CacheFS File System
How to Pack Files in the Cache
Examples—Packing Files in the Cache
How to Display Packed Files Information
Example—Displaying Packed Files Information
Using Packing Lists
How to Create a Packing List
Example—Creating a Packing List
How to Pack Files in the Cache With a Packing List
Example—Packing Files in the Cache With a Packing List
Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
How to Unpack Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Examples—Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Troubleshooting cachefspack Errors
Collecting CacheFS Statistics (Task Map)
Collecting CacheFS Statistics
How to Set Up CacheFS Logging
Example—Setting Up CacheFS Logging
How to Locate the CacheFS Log File
How to Stop CacheFS Logging
How to View the Working Set (Cache) Size
Example—Viewing the Working Set (Cache) Size
Viewing CacheFS Statistics
How to View CacheFS Statistics
Example—Viewing CacheFS Statistics
Chapter 41 Configuring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
About Swap Space
Swap Space and Virtual Memory
Swap Space and the TMPFS File System
Swap Space as a Dump Device
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
Swap-Related Error Messages
TMPFS-Related Error Messages
How Swap Space Is Allocated
The /etc/vfstab File
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
The mkfile Command
How to Create a Swap File and Make It Available
Example—Creating a Swap File and Making It Available
Removing a Swap File From Use
How to Remove Unneeded Swap Space
Example—Removing UnneededSwap Space
Chapter 42 Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks)
File System Consistency
How the File System State Is Recorded
What the fsck Command Checks and Tries to Repair
Why Inconsistencies Might Occur
The UFS Components That Are Checked for Consistency
Superblock Checks
File System Size and Inode List Size Checks
Free Block Checks
Free Inode Checks
Inodes
Format and Type of Inodes
Link Count Checks
Duplicate Block Checks
Bad Block Number Checks
Inode Size Checks
Indirect Blocks
Data Blocks
Directory Unallocated Checks
Bad Inode Number Checks
Incorrect “.” and “..” Entry Checks
Disconnected Directories
Regular Data Blocks
The fsck Summary Message
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
How to See If a File System Needs Checking
Example—Seeing If a File System Needs Checking
How to Check File Systems Interactively
Example—Checking File Systems Interactively
Preening UFS File Systems
How to Preen a UFS File System
Example—Preening a UFS File System
Fixing a UFS File System That the fsck Command Cannot Repair
Restoring a Bad Superblock
How to Restore a Bad Superblock
Example—Restoring a Bad Superblock
Syntax and Options for the fsck Command
Chapter 43 UFS File System (Reference)
Default Directories for root (/) and /usr File Systems
The Platform-Dependent Directories
The Structure of Cylinder Groups for UFS File Systems
The Boot Block
The Superblock
Inodes
Data Blocks
Free Blocks
Custom File System Parameters
Logical Block Size
Fragment Size
Minimum Free Space
Rotational Delay
Optimization Type
Number of Files
Maximum UFS File and File System Size
Maximum Number of UFS Subdirectories
Commands for Creating a Customized File System
The newfs Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments
Examples—newfs Command Options and Arguments
The Generic mkfs Command
Chapter 44 Backing Up and Restoring Files and File Systems Topics
Chapter 45 Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
What's New in Backing Up and Restoring File Systems?
UFS Snapshots
Where to Find Backup and Restore Tasks
Definition: Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Choosing the Type of Backup
Choosing a Tape Device
High-Level View of Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Task Map)
Guidelines for Scheduling Backups
How Often Should You Do Backups?
Using Dump Levels to Create Incremental Backups
Dump Levels for Daily, Cumulative Backups
Dump Levels for Daily, Discrete Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
Example—Daily Cumulative, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Requirements for the Daily Cumulative, Weekly Cumulative Schedule
Example—Daily Cumulative, Weekly Incremental Backups
Tape Requirements for the Daily Cumulative, Weekly Incremental Backup Schedule
Example—Daily Incremental, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Requirements for Daily Incremental/Weekly Cumulative Schedule
Example—Monthly Backup Schedule for a Server
Suggestions for Scheduling Backups
Chapter 46 Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Backing Up Files and File System (Task Map)
Preparing for File System Backups
How to Find File System Names
Example—Finding File System Names
How to Determine the Number of Tapes Needed for a Full Backup
Example—Determining Number of Tapes
Backing Up a File System
How to Backup a File System to Tape
Example—Performing a Full Backup of root (/)
Example—Performing an Incremental Backup of root (/)
Example—Performing a Full Backup, Individual Home Directory
Example—Performing a Full Backup to Remote System (Solaris 9 Data to Solaris 9 System)
Chapter 47 Using UFS Snapshots (Tasks)
Using UFS Snapshots (Task Map)
UFS Snapshots Overview
Why Use UFS Snapshots?
UFS Snapshots Performance Issues
Creating and Deleting UFS Snapshots
How to Create a UFS Snapshot
Examples—Creating a UFS Snapshot
How to Display UFS Snapshot Information
Deleting a UFS Snapshot
How to Delete a UFS Snapshot
Example—Deleting a UFS Snapshot
Backing Up a UFS Snapshot
How to Create a Full Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Create an Incremental Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Back Up a UFS Snapshot (tar)
Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup
Chapter 48 Restoring Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Restoring Files and File System Backups (Task Map)
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Determining the File System Name
Determining the Type of Tape Device You Need
Determining the Tape Device Name
Restoring Files and File Systems
How to Determine Which Tapes to Use
Examples—Determining Which Tapes to Use
How to Restore Files Interactively
Example—Restoring Files Interactively
How to Restore Specific Files Non-Interactively
Example—Restoring Specific Files Non-Interactively
Example—Restoring Files From a Remote Tape Device
How to Restore a Complete File System
Example—Restoring a Complete File System
How to Restore the root (/) and /usr File Systems
SPARC: Example—Restoring the root (/) File System
x86: Example—Restoring the root (/) File System
Chapter 49 UFS Backup and Restore Commands (Reference)
How the ufsdump Command Works
Determining Device Characteristics
Detecting the End of Media
Copying Data With ufsdump
Role of the /etc/dumpdates File
Backup Device (dump-file) Argument
Local Tape or Diskette Drive
Remote Tape or Diskette Drive
Using Standard Output With the ufsdump Command
Specifying Files to Back Up
Specifying Tape Characteristics
Limitations of the ufsdump Command
Options and Arguments for the ufsdump Command
Default ufsdump Options
Options for the ufsdump Command
The ufsdump Command and Security Issues
Options and Arguments for the ufsrestore Command
Chapter 50 Copying UFS Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems Between Disks
Making a Literal File System Copy
How to Copy a Disk (dd)
Example—Copying a Disk (dd)
Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio Command)
How to Copy Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Example—Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape (tar Command)
How to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
Example—Copying Files to a Tape (tar)
How to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
Example—Listing the Files on a Tape (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
Example—Retrieving the Files on a Tape (tar)
Copying Files to a Tape With the pax Command
How to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Example—Copying Files to a Tape (pax)
Copying Files to Tape With the cpio Command
How to Copy All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
Example—Copying All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
How to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
Example—Listing the Files on a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
Example—Retrieving All Files From a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve Specific Files From a Tape (cpio)
Example—Retrieving Specific Files From a Tape (cpio)
Copying Files to a Remote Tape Device
How to Copy Files to a Remote Tape Device (tar and dd)
Example—Copying Files to a Remote Tape Drive (tar and dd)
How to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Device
Example—Extracting Files From a Remote Tape Drive
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
Things You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
How to Copy Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
Example—Copying Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
How to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
Example—Listing the Files on a Diskette (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
Examples—Retrieving Files From a Diskette (tar)
How to Archive Files to Multiple Diskettes
Copying Files With a Different Header Format
How to Create an Archive for Older SunOS Releases
Example—Creating an Archive for Older SunOS Releases
Retrieving Files Created With the bar Command
How to Retrieve bar Files From a Diskette
Chapter 51 Managing Tape Drives (Tasks)
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Specifying the Rewind Option for a Tape Drive
Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
Displaying Tape Drive Status
How to Display Tape Drive Status
Example—Displaying Tape Drive Status
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
How to Retension a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
How to Rewind a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling
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