dot
(1)
名称
dot - filter for drawing directed graphs
neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs
twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs
circo - filter for circular layout of graphs
fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs
sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphs
用法概要
dot [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
neato [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-n[1|2]]
[-ooutfile] [-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
twopi [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
circo [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
fdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
sfdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
描述
User Commands DOT(1)
NAME
dot - filter for drawing directed graphs
neato - filter for drawing undirected graphs
twopi - filter for radial layouts of graphs
circo - filter for circular layout of graphs
fdp - filter for drawing undirected graphs
sfdp - filter for drawing large undirected graphs
SYNOPSIS
dot [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
neato [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-n[1|2]]
[-ooutfile] [-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
twopi [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
circo [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
fdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
sfdp [-(G|N|E)name=value] [-Tlang] [-llibfile] [-ooutfile]
[-Klayout] [-O] [-P] [-v] [-V] [files]
DESCRIPTION
dot draws directed graphs. It works well on DAGs and other
graphs that can be drawn as hierarchies. It reads attrib-
uted graph files and writes drawings. By default, the out-
put format dot is the input file with layout coordinates
appended.
neato draws undirected graphs using ``spring'' models (see
Kamada and Kawai, Information Processing Letters 31:1, April
1989). Input files must be formatted in the dot attributed
graph language. By default, the output of neato is the
input graph with layout coordinates appended.
twopi draws graphs using a radial layout (see G. Wills, Sym-
posium on Graph Drawing GD'97, September, 1997). Basically,
one node is chosen as the center and put at the origin. The
remaining nodes are placed on a sequence of concentric cir-
cles centered about the origin, each a fixed radial distance
from the previous circle. All nodes distance 1 from the
center are placed on the first circle; all nodes distance 1
from a node on the first circle are placed on the second
circle; and so forth.
circo draws graphs using a circular layout (see Six and Tol-
lis, GD '99 and ALENEX '99, and Kaufmann and Wiese, GD '02.)
The tool identifies biconnected components and draws the
nodes of the component on a circle. The block-cutpoint tree
is then laid out using a recursive radial algorithm. Edge
crossings within a circle are minimized by placing as many
edges on the circle's perimeter as possible. In particular,
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if the component is outerplanar, the component will have a
planar layout.
If a node belongs to multiple non-trivial biconnected compo-
nents, the layout puts the node in one of them. By default,
this is the first non-trivial component found in the search
from the root component.
fdp draws undirected graphs using a ``spring'' model. It
relies on a force-directed approach in the spirit of
Fruchterman and Reingold (cf. Software-Practice & Experience
21(11), 1991, pp. 1129-1164).
sfdp also draws undirected graphs using the ``spring'' model
described above, but it uses a multi-scale approach to pro-
duce layouts of large graphs in a reasonably short time.
OUTPUT FORMATS
Dot uses an extensible plugin mechanism for its output ren-
derers, so to see what output formats your installation of
dot supports you can use ``dot -Txxx'' (where xxx is an
unlikely format) and check the warning message. Also, The
plugin mechanism supports multiple implementations of the
output formats. To see what variants are available, use,
for example: ``dot -Tpng:'' and to force a particular vari-
ant, use, for example: ``dot -Tpng:gd''
Traditionally, dot supports the following: -Tps (Post-
Script), -Tsvg -Tsvgz (Structured Vector Graphics), -Tfig
(XFIG graphics), -Tmif (FrameMaker graphics), -Thpgl (HP pen
plotters), and -Tpcl (Laserjet printers), -Tpng -Tgif (bit-
map graphics), -Tdia (GTK+ based diagrams), -Timap (imagemap
files for httpd servers for each node or edge that has a
non-null "href" attribute.), -Tcmapx (client-side imagemap
for use in html and xhtml). Additional less common or more
special-purpose output formats can be found at
http://www.graphviz.org/cvs/doc/info/output.html.)
Alternative plugins providing support for a given output
format can be found from the error message resulting from
appending a ':' to the format. e.g. -Tpng: The first plugin
listed is always the default.
The -P switch can be used to produce a graph of all output
variants supported by plugins in the local installation of
graphviz.
GRAPH FILE LANGUAGE
Here is a synopsis of the graph file language, normally
using the extension .gv, for graphs:
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[strict] (graph|digraph) name { statement-list }
Is the top level graph. If the graph is strict then multiple
edges are not allowed between the same pairs of nodes. If
it is a directed graph, indicated by digraph, then the
edgeop must be "->". If it is an undirected graph then the
edgeop must be "--". Statements may be:
name=val;
node [name=val];
edge [name=val];
Set default graph, node, or edge attribute name to val. Any
subgraph, node, or edge appearing after this inherits the
new default attributes.
n0 [name0=val0,name1=val1,...]; Creates node n0 (if it does
not already exist) and sets its attributes according to the
optional list.
n0 edgeop n1 edgeop ... edgeop nn
[name0=val0,name1=val1,...];
Creates edges between nodes n0, n1, ..., nn and sets their
attributes according to the optional list. Creates nodes as
necessary.
[subgraph name] { statement-list }
Creates a subgraph. Subgraphs may be used in place of n0,
..., nn in the above statements to create edges. [subgraph
name] is optional; if missing, the subgraph is assigned an
internal name.
Comments may be /*C-like*/ or //C++-like.
Attribute names and values are ordinary (C-style) strings.
The following sections describe attributes that control
graph layout.
GRAPH ATTRIBUTES
size="x,y" sets bounding box of drawing in inches.
page="x,y" sets the PostScript pagination unit.
ratio=f sets the aspect ratio to f which may be a floating
point number, or one of the keywords fill, compress, or
auto.
layout=engine indicates the preferred layout engine ("dot",
"neato", fdp" etc) overriding the default from the basename
of the command or the -K commandline option.
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margin=f sets the page margin (included in the page size).
nodesep=f sets the minimum separation between nodes.
ranksep=f sets the minimum separation between ranks.
ordering=out constrains order of out-edges in a subgraph
according to their file sequence.
rankdir=LR|RL|BT requests a left-to-right, right-to-left, or
bottom-to-top, drawing.
pagedir=[TBLR][TBLR] sets the major and minor order of pagi-
nation.
rank=same (or min or max) in a subgraph constrains the rank
assignment of its nodes. If a subgraph's name has the pre-
fix cluster, its nodes are drawn in a distinct rectangle of
the layout. Clusters may be nested.
rotate=90 sets landscape mode. (orientation=land is back-
ward compatible but obsolete.)
center=n a non-zero value centers the drawing on the page.
nslimit=f or mclimit=f adjusts the bound on the number of
network simplex or mincross iterations by the given ratio.
For example, mclimit=2.0 runs twice as long.
layers="id:id:id:id" is a sequence of layer identifiers for
overlay diagrams. The PostScript array variable layercol-
orseq sets the assignment of colors to layers. The least
index is 1 and each element must be a 3-element array to be
interpreted as a color coordinate.
color=colorvalue sets foreground color (bgcolor for back-
ground).
href="url" the default url for image map files; in Post-
Script files, the base URL for all relative URLs, as recog-
nized by Acrobat Distiller 3.0 and up.
URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)
stylesheet="file.css" includes a reference to a stylesheet
in -Tsvg and -Tsvgz outputs. Ignored by other formats.
splines. If set to true, edges are drawn as splines. If set
to polyline, edges are drawn as polylines. If set to ortho,
edges are drawn as orthogonal polylines. In all of these
cases, the nodes may not overlap. If splines=false or
splines=line, edges are drawn as line segments. The default
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is true for dot, and false for all other layouts.
(neato-specific attributes)
start=val. Requests random initial placement and seeds the
random number generator. If val is not an integer, the
process ID or current time is used as the seed.
epsilon=n. Sets the cutoff for the solver. The default is
0.1.
(twopi-specific attributes)
root=ctr. This specifies the node to be used as the center
of the layout. If not specified, twopi will randomly pick
one of the nodes that are furthest from a leaf node, where a
leaf node is a node of degree 1. If no leaf nodes exists, an
arbitrary node is picked as center.
ranksep=val. Specifies the radial distance in inches between
the sequence of rings. The default is 0.75.
overlap=mode. This specifies what twopi should do if any
nodes overlap. If mode is "false", the program uses Voronoi
diagrams to adjust the nodes to eliminate overlaps. If mode
is "scale", the layout is uniformly scaled up, preserving
node sizes, until nodes no longer overlap. The latter tech-
nique removes overlaps while preserving symmetry and struc-
ture, while the former removes overlaps more compactly but
destroys symmetries. If mode is "true" (the default), no
repositioning is done.
(circo-specific attributes)
root=nodename. Specifies the name of a node occurring in the
root block. If the graph is disconnected, the root node
attribute can be used to specify additional root blocks.
mindist=value. Sets the minimum separation between all
nodes. If not specified then circo uses a default value of
1.0.
(fdp-specific attributes)
K=val. Sets the default ideal node separation in the layout.
maxiter=val. Sets the maximum number of iterations used to
layout the graph.
start=val. Adjusts the random initial placement of nodes
with no specified position. If val is is an integer, it is
used as the seed for the random number generator. If val is
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not an integer, a random system-generated integer, such as
the process ID or current time, is used as the seed.
NODE ATTRIBUTES
height=d or width=d sets minimum height or width. Adding
fixedsize=true forces these to be the actual size (text
labels are ignored).
shape=record polygon epsf builtin_polygon
builtin_polygon is one of: plaintext ellipse oval circle egg
triangle box diamond trapezium parallelogram house hexagon
octagon note tab box3d component. (Polygons are defined or
modified by the following node attributes: regular, periph-
eries, sides, orientation, distortion and skew.) epsf uses
the node's shapefile attribute as the path name of an exter-
nal EPSF file to be automatically loaded for the node shape.
label=text where text may include escaped newlines \n, \l,
or \r for center, left, and right justified lines. The
string '\N' value will be replaced by the node name. The
string '\G' value will be replaced by the graph name.
Record labels may contain recursive box lists delimited by {
| }. Port identifiers in labels are set off by angle brack-
ets < >. In the graph file, use colon (such as,
node0:port28).
fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.
fontname=name sets the label font family name.
color=colorvalue sets the outline color, and the default
fill color if style=filled and fillcolor is not specified.
fillcolor=colorvalue sets the fill color when style=filled.
If not specified, the fillcolor when style=filled defaults
to be the same as the outline color.
fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.
A colorvalue may be "h,s,v" (hue, saturation, brightness)
floating point numbers between 0 and 1, or an X11 color name
such as white black red green blue yellow magenta cyan or
burlywood, or a "#rrggbb" (red, green, blue, 2 hex charac-
ters each) value.
style=filled solid dashed dotted bold invis or any Post-
script code.
layer=id or id:id or "all" sets the node's active layers.
The empty string means no layers (invisible).
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The following attributes apply only to polygon shape nodes:
regular=n if n is non-zero then the polygon is made regular,
i.e. symmetric about the x and y axis, otherwise the polygon
takes on the aspect ratio of the label. builtin_polygons
that are not already regular are made regular by this
attribute. builtin_polygons that are already regular are
not affected (i.e. they cannot be made asymmetric).
peripheries=n sets the number of periphery lines drawn
around the polygon. This value supersedes the number of
periphery lines of builtin_polygons.
sides=n sets the number of sides to the polygon. n<3 results
in an ellipse. This attribute is ignored by builtin_poly-
gons.
orientation=f sets the orientation of the first apex of the
polygon counterclockwise from the vertical, in degrees. f
may be a floating point number. The orientation of labels
is not affected by this attribute. This attribute is added
to the initial orientation of builtin_polygons.
distortion=f sets the amount of broadening of the top and
narrowing of the bottom of the polygon (relative to its ori-
entation). Floating point values between -1 and +1 are sug-
gested. This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons.
skew=f sets the amount of right-displacement of the top and
left-displacement of the bottom of the polygon (relative to
its orientation). Floating point values between -1 and +1
are suggested. This attribute is ignored by builtin_poly-
gons.
href="url" sets the url for the node in imagemap, PostScript
and SVG files. The substrings '\N' and '\G' are substituted
in the same manner as for the node label attribute. Addi-
tionally the substring '\L' is substituted with the node
label string.
URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)
target="target" is a target string for client-side imagemaps
and SVG, effective when nodes have a URL. The target string
is used to determine which window of the browser is used for
the URL. Setting it to "_graphviz" will open a new window
if it doesn't already exist, or reuse it if it does. If the
target string is empty, the default, then no target
attribute is included in the output. The substrings '\N'
and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the node
label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is substi-
tuted with the node label string.
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tooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client-side
imagemaps and SVG, effective when nodes have a URL. The
tooltip string defaults to be the same as the label string,
but this attribute permits nodes without labels to still
have tooltips thus permitting denser graphs. The substrings
'\N' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
node label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is
substituted with the node label string.
(circo-specific attributes)
root=true/false. This specifies that the block containing
the given node be treated as the root of the spanning tree
in the layout.
(fdp-specific attributes)
pin=val. If val is "true", the node will remain at its ini-
tial position.
EDGE ATTRIBUTES
minlen=n where n is an integer factor that applies to the
edge length (ranks for normal edges, or minimum node separa-
tion for flat edges).
weight=n where n is the integer cost of the edge. Values
greater than 1 tend to shorten the edge. Weight 0 flat
edges are ignored for ordering nodes.
label=text where text may include escaped newlines \n, \l,
or \r for centered, left, or right justified lines. If the
substring '\T' is found in a label it will be replaced by
the tail_node name. If the substring '\H' is found in a
label it will be replaced by the head_node name. If the
substring '\E' value is found in a label it will be replaced
by: tail_node_name->head_node_name If the substring '\G' is
found in a label it will be replaced by the graph name. or
by: tail_node_name--head_node_name for undirected graphs.
fontsize=n sets the label type size to n points.
fontname=name sets the label font family name.
fontcolor=colorvalue sets the label text color.
style=solid dashed dotted bold invis
color=colorvalue sets the line color for edges.
color=colorvaluelist a ':' separated list of colorvalue cre-
ates parallel edges, one edge for each color.
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dir=forward back both none controls arrow direction.
tailclip,headclip=false disables endpoint shape clipping.
href="url" sets the url for the node in imagemap, PostScript
and SVG files. The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are
substituted in the same manner as for the edge label
attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is substituted
with the edge label string.
URL="url" ("URL" is a synonym for "href".)
target="target" is a target string for client-side imagemaps
and SVG, effective when edges have a URL. If the target
string is empty, the default, then no target attribute is
included in the output. The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and
'\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the edge
label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is substi-
tuted with the edge label string.
tooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client-side
imagemaps effective when edges have a URL. The tooltip
string defaults to be the same as the edge label string.
The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in
the same manner as for the edge label attribute. Addition-
ally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label
string.
arrowhead,arrowtail=none, normal, inv, dot, odot, invdot,
invodot, tee, empty, invempty, open, halfopen, diamond, odi-
amond, box, obox, crow.
arrowsize (norm_length=10,norm_width=5,
inv_length=6,inv_width=7,dot_radius=2)
headlabel,taillabel=string for port labels. labelfont-
color,labelfontname,labelfontsize for head and tail labels.
The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in
the same manner as for the edge label attribute. Addition-
ally the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label
string.
headhref="url" sets the url for the head port in imagemap,
PostScript and SVG files. The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E'
and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the edge
label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is substi-
tuted with the edge label string.
headURL="url" ("headURL" is a synonym for "headhref".)
headtarget="headtarget" is a target string for client-side
imagemaps and SVG, effective when edge heads have a URL.
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The headtarget string is used to determine which window of
the browser is used for the URL. If the headtarget string
is empty, the default, then headtarget defaults to the same
value as target for the edge. The substrings '\T', '\H',
'\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
edge label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is
substituted with the edge label string.
headtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client-side
imagemaps effective when head ports have a URL. The tooltip
string defaults to be the same as the headlabel string. The
substrings '\T', '\H', and '\E' are substituted in the same
manner as for the edge label attribute. Additionally the
substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label string.
tailhref="url" sets the url for the tail port in imagemap,
PostScript and SVG files. The substrings '\T', '\H', '\E'
and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the edge
label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is substi-
tuted with the edge label string.
tailURL="url" ("tailURL" is a synonym for "tailhref".)
tailtarget="tailtarget" is a target string for client-side
imagemaps and SVG, effective when edge tails have a URL.
The tailtarget string is used to determine which window of
the browser is used for the URL. If the tailtarget string
is empty, the default, then tailtarget defaults to the same
value as target for the edge. The substrings '\T', '\H',
'\E' and '\G' are substituted in the same manner as for the
edge label attribute. Additionally the substring '\L' is
substituted with the edge label string.
tailtooltip="tooltip" is a tooltip string for client-side
imagemaps effective when tail ports have a URL. The tooltip
string defaults to be the same as the taillabel string. The
substrings '\T', '\H', '\E' and '\G' are substituted in the
same manner as for the edge label attribute. Additionally
the substring '\L' is substituted with the edge label
string.
labeldistance and port_label_distance set distance; also
labelangle (in degrees CCW)
decorate draws line from edge to label.
samehead,sametail aim edges having the same value to the
same port, using the average landing point.
constraint=false causes an edge to be ignored for rank
assignment.
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layer=id or id:id or "all" sets the edge's active layers.
The empty string means no layers (invisible).
(neato-specific attributes)
w=f sets the weight (spring constant) of an edge to the
given floating point value. The default is 1.0; greater
values make the edge tend more toward its optimal length.
len=f sets the optimal length of an edge. The default is
1.0.
(fdp-specific attributes)
weight=f sets the weight of an edge to the given floating
point value. The default is 1.0; greater values make the
edge tend more toward its optimal length.
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
-G sets a default graph attribute.
-N sets a default node attribute.
-E sets a default edge attribute. Example: -Gsize="7,8"
-Nshape=box -Efontsize=8
-lfile loads custom PostScript library files. Usually these
define custom shapes or styles. If -l is given by itself,
the standard library is omitted.
-Tlang sets the output language as described above.
-n[1|2] (no-op) If set, neato assumes nodes have already
been positioned and all nodes have a pos attribute giving
the positions. It then performs an optional adjustment to
remove node-node overlap, depending on the value of the
overlap attribute, computes the edge layouts, depending on
the value of the splines attribute, and emits the graph in
the appropriate format. If num is supplied, the following
actions occur:
num = 1
Equivalent to -n.
num > 1
Use node positions as specified, with no adjustment to
remove node-node overlaps, and use any edge layouts already
specified by the pos attribute. neato computes an edge lay-
out for any edge that does not have a pos attribute. As
usual, edge layout is guided by the splines attribute.
-Klayout override the default layout engine implied by the
command name.
-O automatically generate output filenames based on the
input filename and the -T format.
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-P generate a graph of the currently available plugins.
-v (verbose) prints various information useful for debug-
ging.
-V (version) prints version information and exits.
-? prints the usage and exits.
EXAMPLES
digraph test123 {
a -> b -> c;
a -> {x y};
b [shape=box];
c [label="hello\nworld",color=blue,fontsize=24,
fontname="Palatino-Italic",fontcolor=red,style=filled];
a -> z [label="hi", weight=100];
x -> z [label="multi-line\nlabel"];
edge [style=dashed,color=red];
b -> x;
{rank=same; b x}
}
graph test123 {
a -- b -- c;
a -- {x y};
x -- c [w=10.0];
x -- y [w=5.0,len=3];
}
CAVEATS
Edge splines can overlap unintentionally.
Flat edge labels are slightly broken. Intercluster edge
labels are totally broken.
Because unconstrained optimization is employed, node boxes
can possibly overlap or touch unrelated edges. All existing
spring embedders seem to have this limitation.
Apparently reasonable attempts to pin nodes or adjust edge
lengths and weights can cause instability.
AUTHORS
Stephen C. North <north@research.att.com>
Emden R. Gansner <erg@research.att.com>
John C. Ellson <ellson@research.att.com>
The bitmap driver (PNG, GIF etc) is by Thomas Boutell,
<http://www.boutell.com/gd>
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The Truetype font renderer is from the Freetype Project
(David Turner, Robert Wilhelm, and Werner Lemberg) (who can
be contacted at freetype-devel@lists.lrz-muenchen.de).
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
+---------------+------------------+
|ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+---------------+------------------+
|Availability | image/graphviz |
+---------------+------------------+
|Stability | Volatile |
+---------------+------------------+
SEE ALSO
This man page contains only a small amount of the informa-
tion related to the Graphviz layout programs. The most com-
plete information can be found at
http://www.graphviz.org/Documentation.php, especially in the
on-line reference pages. Most of these documents are also
available in the doc and doc/info subtrees in the source and
binary distributions.
dotty(1)
tcldot(n)
xcolors(1)
libgraph(3)
E. R. Gansner, S. C. North, K. P. Vo, "DAG - A Program to
Draw Directed Graphs", Software - Practice and Experience
17(1), 1988, pp. 1047-1062.
E. R. Gansner, E. Koutsofios, S. C. North, K. P. Vo, "A
Technique for Drawing Directed Graphs," IEEE Trans. on Soft.
Eng. 19(3), 1993, pp. 214-230.
S. North and E. Koutsofios, "Applications of graph visual-
ization", Graphics Interface 94, pp. 234-245.
E. Koutsofios and S. C. North, "Drawing Graphs with dot,"
Available on research.att.com in dist/drawdag/dotguide.ps.Z.
S. C. North, "NEATO User's Manual". Available on
research.att.com in dist/drawdag/neatodoc.ps.Z.
NOTES
This software was built from source available at
https://java.net/projects/solaris-userland. The original
community source was downloaded from
http://www.graphviz.org/pub/graphviz/sta-
ble/SOURCES/graphviz-2.28.0.tar.gz
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 23 August 2004 13
User Commands DOT(1)
Further information about this software can be found on the
open source community website at http://www.graphviz.org/.
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 23 August 2004 14