perlutil
(1)
名称
perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
用法概要
Please see following description for synopsis
描述
Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLUTIL(1)
NAME
perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
DESCRIPTION
Along with the Perl interpreter itself, the Perl
distribution installs a range of utilities on your system.
There are also several utilities which are used by the Perl
distribution itself as part of the install process. This
document exists to list all of these utilities, explain what
they are for and provide pointers to each module's
documentation, if appropriate.
LIST OF UTILITIES
Documentation
perldoc
The main interface to Perl's documentation is "perldoc",
although if you're reading this, it's more than likely
that you've already found it. perldoc will extract and
format the documentation from any file in the current
directory, any Perl module installed on the system, or
any of the standard documentation pages, such as this
one. Use "perldoc <name>" to get information on any of
the utilities described in this document.
pod2man and pod2text
If it's run from a terminal, perldoc will usually call
pod2man to translate POD (Plain Old Documentation - see
perlpod for an explanation) into a manpage, and then run
man to display it; if man isn't available, pod2text will
be used instead and the output piped through your
favourite pager.
pod2html and pod2latex
As well as these two, there are two other converters:
pod2html will produce HTML pages from POD, and pod2latex,
which produces LaTeX files.
pod2usage
If you just want to know how to use the utilities
described here, pod2usage will just extract the "USAGE"
section; some of the utilities will automatically call
pod2usage on themselves when you call them with "-help".
podselect
pod2usage is a special case of podselect, a utility to
extract named sections from documents written in POD. For
instance, while utilities have "USAGE" sections, Perl
modules usually have "SYNOPSIS" sections: "podselect -s
"SYNOPSIS" ..." will extract this section for a given
file.
podchecker
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If you're writing your own documentation in POD, the
podchecker utility will look for errors in your markup.
splain
splain is an interface to perldiag - paste in your error
message to it, and it'll explain it for you.
roffitall
The "roffitall" utility is not installed on your system
but lives in the pod/ directory of your Perl source kit;
it converts all the documentation from the distribution
to *roff format, and produces a typeset PostScript or
text file of the whole lot.
Convertors
To help you convert legacy programs to Perl, we've included
three conversion filters:
a2p
a2p converts awk scripts to Perl programs; for example,
"a2p -F:" on the simple awk script "{print $2}" will
produce a Perl program based around this code:
while (<>) {
($Fld1,$Fld2) = split(/[:\n]/, $_, -1);
print $Fld2;
}
s2p and psed
Similarly, s2p converts sed scripts to Perl programs. s2p
run on "s/foo/bar" will produce a Perl program based
around this:
while (<>) {
chomp;
s/foo/bar/g;
print if $printit;
}
When invoked as psed, it behaves as a sed implementation,
written in Perl.
find2perl
Finally, find2perl translates "find" commands to Perl
equivalents which use the File::Find module. As an
example, "find2perl . -user root -perm 4000 -print"
produces the following callback subroutine for
"File::Find":
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sub wanted {
my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid);
(($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid) = lstat($_)) &&
$uid == $uid{'root'}) &&
(($mode & 0777) == 04000);
print("$name\n");
}
As well as these filters for converting other languages, the
pl2pm utility will help you convert old-style Perl 4
libraries to new-style Perl5 modules.
Administration
config_data
Query or change configuration of Perl modules that use
Module::Build-based configuration files for features and
config data.
libnetcfg
To display and change the libnet configuration run the
libnetcfg command.
perlivp
The perlivp program is set up at Perl source code build
time to test the Perl version it was built under. It can
be used after running "make install" (or your platform's
equivalent procedure) to verify that perl and its
libraries have been installed correctly.
Development
There are a set of utilities which help you in developing
Perl programs, and in particular, extending Perl with C.
perlbug
perlbug is the recommended way to report bugs in the perl
interpreter itself or any of the standard library modules
back to the developers; please read through the
documentation for perlbug thoroughly before using it to
submit a bug report.
perlthanks
This program provides an easy way to send a thank-you
message back to the authors and maintainers of perl. It's
just perlbug installed under another name.
h2ph
Back before Perl had the XS system for connecting with C
libraries, programmers used to get library constants by
reading through the C header files. You may still see
"require 'syscall.ph'" or similar around - the .ph file
should be created by running h2ph on the corresponding .h
file. See the h2ph documentation for more on how to
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convert a whole bunch of header files at once.
c2ph and pstruct
c2ph and pstruct, which are actually the same program but
behave differently depending on how they are called,
provide another way of getting at C with Perl - they'll
convert C structures and union declarations to Perl code.
This is deprecated in favour of h2xs these days.
h2xs
h2xs converts C header files into XS modules, and will
try and write as much glue between C libraries and Perl
modules as it can. It's also very useful for creating
skeletons of pure Perl modules.
enc2xs
enc2xs builds a Perl extension for use by Encode from
either Unicode Character Mapping files (.ucm) or Tcl
Encoding Files (.enc). Besides being used internally
during the build process of the Encode module, you can
use enc2xs to add your own encoding to perl. No
knowledge of XS is necessary.
xsubpp
xsubpp is a compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code.
It is typically run by the makefiles created by
ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
xsubpp will compile XS code into C code by embedding the
constructs necessary to let C functions manipulate Perl
values and creates the glue necessary to let Perl access
those functions.
dprofpp
Perl comes with a profiler, the Devel::DProf module. The
dprofpp utility analyzes the output of this profiler and
tells you which subroutines are taking up the most run
time. See Devel::DProf for more information.
prove
prove is a command-line interface to the test-running
functionality of Test::Harness. It's an alternative to
"make test".
corelist
A command-line front-end to "Module::CoreList", to query
what modules were shipped with given versions of perl.
General tools
A few general-purpose tools are shipped with perl, mostly
because they came along modules included in the perl
distribution.
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piconv
piconv is a Perl version of iconv, a character encoding
converter widely available for various Unixen today.
This script was primarily a technology demonstrator for
Perl 5.8.0, but you can use piconv in the place of iconv
for virtually any case.
ptar
ptar is a tar-like program, written in pure Perl.
ptardiff
ptardiff is a small utility that produces a diff between
an extracted archive and an unextracted one. (Note that
this utility requires the "Text::Diff" module to function
properly; this module isn't distributed with perl, but is
available from the CPAN.)
shasum
This utility, that comes with the "Digest::SHA" module,
is used to print or verify SHA checksums.
Installation
These utilities help manage extra Perl modules that don't
come with the perl distribution.
cpan
cpan is a command-line interface to CPAN.pm. It allows
you to install modules or distributions from CPAN, or
just get information about them, and a lot more. It is
similar to the command line mode of the CPAN module,
perl -MCPAN -e shell
cpanp
cpanp is, like cpan, a command-line interface to the
CPAN, using the "CPANPLUS" module as a back-end. It can
be used interactively or imperatively.
cpan2dist
cpan2dist is a tool to create distributions (or packages)
from CPAN modules, then suitable for your package manager
of choice. Support for specific formats are available
from CPAN as "CPANPLUS::Dist::*" modules.
instmodsh
A little interface to ExtUtils::Installed to examine
installed modules, validate your packlists and even
create a tarball from an installed module.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
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attributes:
+---------------+------------------+
|ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+---------------+------------------+
|Availability | runtime/perl-512 |
+---------------+------------------+
|Stability | Uncommitted |
+---------------+------------------+
SEE ALSO
perldoc, pod2man, perlpod, pod2html, pod2usage, podselect,
podchecker, splain, perldiag, roffitall, a2p, s2p,
find2perl, File::Find, pl2pm, perlbug, h2ph, c2ph, h2xs,
dprofpp, Devel::DProf, enc2xs, xsubpp, cpan, cpanp,
cpan2dist, instmodsh, piconv, prove, corelist, ptar,
ptardiff, shasum
NOTES
This software was built from source available at
https://java.net/projects/solaris-userland. The original
community source was downloaded from
http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.12.5.tar.bz2
Further information about this software can be found on the
open source community website at http://www.perl.org/.
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