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System Administration Guide, Volume 2
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Chapter 1 Managing Printing Services Topics
Chapter 2 Print Management (Overview)
What's New in Printing?
Solaris Print Manager
Print Naming Enhancement
Enabling or Disabling Banner Page Printing
Printing in the Solaris Operating Environment
Choosing a Method to Manage Printers
The LP Print Service
Managing Network Printers
Administering Printers
Setting Definitions for Printers
Administering Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts
Customizing the LP Print Service
The Solaris Print Client-Server Process
The Print Client Process
Using Print Clients
What Is a Print Client?
Printer Configuration Resources
How the Print Software Locates Printers
Using Print Servers
The BSD Printing Protocol
Where to Go From Here
Chapter 3 Planning Printers on Your Network (Overview)
Distributing Printers on the Network
Assigning Print Servers and Print Clients
Print Server Requirements and Recommendations
Spooling Space
Disk Space
Memory
Swap Space
Hard Disk
Planning for Printer Setup
Setting Definitions for Printers
Printer Name
Printer Description
Printer Port
Printer Type
Printer Names in the terminfo Database
Selecting a Printer Type
Selecting a File Content Type
Frequently Used Printers
Chapter 4 Setting Up Printers (Tasks)
Setting Up Printing
Setting Up Printing Task Map
Setting Up a Printer With Solaris Print Manager
Starting Solaris Print Manager
How to Start Solaris Print Manager
Setting Up a Print Server
How to Add a New Attached Printer With Solaris Print Manager
Example--Adding a New Attached Printer With LP Commands
Where to Go From Here
Setting Up a Print Client
How to Add Printer Access With Solaris Print Manager
Example--Adding Printer Access With LP Commands
Setting Up a .printers File
How to Set Up a .printers File
Adding a Network Printer
Printer Vendor Supplied Software for Network Printers
Sun Support for Network Printers
Invoking the Network Printer Support
Selecting the Protocol
Selecting the Printer Node Name
Selecting the Destination (or Network Printer Access) Name
Example 1--Destination (or Network Printer Access Name) With Port Designation (Number)
Example 2--Destination (or Network Printer Access Name) With Port Designation (Name)
Example 3--Destination (or Network Printer Access Name) With No Port Designation
Setting the Timeout Value
Managing Network Printer Access
How to Add a Network Printer Using Printer Vendor Supplied Tools
How To Add A Network Printer Using LP Commands
Converting Printer Configuration Information
Converting Printer Configuration Information Task Map
Converting Existing Printer Configuration Information
How to Convert Printer Information For a System Running the SunOS 5.5.1 Release
How to Convert Printer Information For a System Running the SunOS 4.1 Release
How to Convert Printer Configuration Information in NIS+ (+xfn) to NIS+ Format
Chapter 5 Administering Printers (Tasks)
Managing Printers and the Print Scheduler
Deleting Printers and Printer Access
How to Delete a Printer and Remote Printer Access
Example--Deleting a Printer and Remote Printer Access
Checking Printer Status
How to Check the Status of Printers
Examples--Checking the Status of Printers
Restarting the Print Scheduler
How to Stop the Print Scheduler
How to Restart the Print Scheduler
Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions
How to Add a Printer Description
Example--Adding a Printer Description
Setting Up a Default Printer Destination
How to Set a System's Default Printer
Example--Setting a System's Default Printer
Printing Banner Pages
How to Make Banner Pages Optional
Example--Making Banner Pages Optional
How to Turn Off Banner Pages
Example--Turning Off Printing Banner Pages
Setting Up Printer Classes
How to Define a Class of Printers
Example--Defining a Class of Printers
Setting Up Printer Fault Alerts
How to Set Fault Alerts for a Printer
Examples--Setting Fault Alerts for a Printer
Setting Up Printer Fault Recovery
How to Set Printer Fault Recovery
Example--Setting Printer Fault Recovery
Limiting User Access to a Printer
How to Limit User Access to a Printer
Examples--Limiting User Access to a Printer
Managing Print Requests
How to Check the Status of Print Requests
Examples--Checking the Status of Print Requests
Processing or Stopping Printing
How to Accept or Reject Print Requests for a Printer
Examples--Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests for a Printer
Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests
How to Enable or Disable a Printer
Examples--Enabling or Disabling a Printer
Canceling a Print Request
How to Cancel a Print Request
Examples--Canceling a Print Request
How to Cancel a Print Request From a Specific User
Examples--Canceling a Print Request From a Specific User
Moving a Print Request
How to Move Print Requests to Another Printer
Example--Moving Print Requests to Another Printer
Changing the Priority of Print Requests
How to Change the Priority of a Print Request
Example--Changing the Priority of a Print Request
Chapter 6 Managing Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts (Tasks)
Managing Character Sets
Selectable Character Sets
Hardware-Mounted Character Sets
Tracking Print Wheels
Alerts for Mounting Print Wheels or Cartridges
How to Define a Print Wheel or Font Cartridge
Example--Defining a Print Wheel
How to Unmount and Mount a Print Wheel or Font Cartridge
Example--Unmounting and Mounting a Print Wheel
How to Set an Alert to Mount a Print Wheel or Font Cartridge
Examples--Setting an Alert to Mount a Print Wheel or Font Cartridge
How to Set Up an Alias for a Selectable Character Set
Example--Setting Up an Alias for a Selectable Character Set
Managing Print Filters
Creating Print Filters
Adding, Changing, Removing, and Restoring Print Filters
How to Add a Print Filter
Example--Adding a Print Filter
How to Delete a Print Filter
Example--Deleting a Print Filter
How to View Information About a Print Filter
Examples--Viewing Information About a Print Filter
Managing Forms
Adding, Changing, or Deleting Forms
Mounting Forms
Tracking Forms
Defining Alerts for Mounting Forms
Checking Forms
Limiting Access to Forms
How to Add a Form
Example--Adding a Form
How to Delete a Form
Example--Deleting a Form
How to Unmount and Mount a Form
Examples--Unmounting and Mounting a Form
How to Set an Alert to Mount a Form
Examples--Setting an Alert to Mount a Form
How to View Information About a Form
Examples--Viewing Information About a Form
How to View the Current Status of a Form
Example--Viewing the Current Status of a Form
How to Limit User Access to a Form
Examples--Limiting User Access to a Form
How to Limit Printer Access to a Form
Examples--Limiting Printer Access to a Form
Managing Fonts
Managing Printer-Resident Fonts
Downloading Host-Resident Fonts
Installing and Maintaining Host-Resident Fonts
How to Install Downloaded PostScript Fonts
How to Install Host-Resident PostScript Fonts
Chapter 7 Customizing the LP Print Service (Tasks)
Adjusting Printer Port Characteristics
How to Adjust the Printer Port Characteristics
Examples--Adjusting the Printer Port Characteristics
Adding a terminfo Entry for an Unsupported Printer
How to Add a terminfo Entry for an Unsupported Printer
Customizing the Printer Interface Program
The Standard Printer Interface Program
Customizing stty Modes
Exit Codes
Fault Messages
Using a Customized Printer Interface Program
How to Set Up a Custom Printer Interface Program
Examples--Setting Up a Custom Printer Interface Program
Creating a New Print Filter
Writing a Print Filter Program
Types of Filters
Converting Files
Handling Special Printing Modes
Detecting Printer Faults
Requirements for a Print Filter Program
Creating a Print Filter Definition
Command
Input Types
Output Types
Printer Types
Printers
Filter Type
Options
Defining Print Filter Options With Templates
How to Create a New Print Filter
Examples--Creating a New Print Filter
Creating a New Printer Form
How to Create a New Form Definition
Chapter 8 LP Print Service Reference Information
The LP Print Service
The Structure of the LP Print Service
LP Print Service Directories
LP Print Service Configuration Files
The terminfo Database
Daemons and LP Internal Files
LP Print Service Log Files
Print Queue Logs
History Logs
Spooling Directories
LP Print Service Commands
Functions of the LP Print Service
How LP Administers Files and Schedules Local Print Requests
Scheduling Network Print Requests
Filtering Print Files
What the Printer Interface Program Does
How the lpsched Daemon Tracks the Status of Print Requests
Cleaning Out Log Files
How to Change Frequency of Printer Request Log Rotation
How Local Printing Works
How Remote Printing Works
Chapter 9 Working With Remote Systems Topics
Chapter 10 Working With Remote Systems (Tasks)
What is a Remote System?
Logging In to a Remote System (rlogin)
Authentication for Remote Logins (rlogin)
The /etc/hosts.equiv File
Security Risks When Using the /etc/hosts.equiv File
The .rhosts File
Security Risks When Using the .rhosts File
Linking Remote Logins
Direct vs. Indirect Remote Logins
What Happens After You Log In Remotely
How to Search for and Remove .rhosts Files
Example--Searching For and Removing .rhosts Files
How to Find Out If a Remote System Is Operating
How to Find Who Is Logged In to a Remote System
Example--Finding Who Is Logged In to a Remote System
How to Log In to a Remote System (rlogin)
Example--Logging In to a Remote System (rlogin)
How to Log Out From a Remote System (exit)
Example--Logging Out From a Remote System (exit)
Logging In to a Remote System (ftp)
Authentication for Remote Logins (ftp)
Essential ftp Commands
How to Open an ftp Connection to a Remote System
Example--Opening an ftp Connection to a Remote System
How to Close an ftp Connection to a Remote System
How to Copy Files From a Remote System (ftp)
Examples--Copying Files From a Remote System (ftp)
How to Copy Files to a Remote System (ftp)
Examples--Copying Files to a Remote System (ftp)
Remote Copying With rcp
Security Considerations for Copy Operations
Specifying Source and Target
How to Copy Files Between a Local and a Remote System (rcp)
Examples--Copying Files Between a Local and a Remote System (rcp)
Chapter 11 Managing Terminals and Modems Topics
Chapter 12 Managing Terminals and Modems (Overview)
Terminals, Modems, Ports, and Services
Terminals
Modems
Ports
Services
Port Monitors
Tools for Managing Terminals and Modems
Admintool
Service Access Facility
Chapter 13 Setting Up Terminals and Modems (Tasks)
Setting Up Terminals and Modems
Setting Up Terminals
Setting Up Modems
How to Start Admintool
How to Set Up a Terminal
Example--Completed Modify Window to Set Up a Terminal
How to Set Up a Modem
Example--Completed Modify Window to Set Up a Modem
How to Set Up a Modem for Use With UUCP
Example--Completed Modify Window to Set Up a Modem for Use With UUCP
How to Initialize a Port
Example--Completed Modify Window to Initialize a Port
How to Disable a Port
Example--Completed Modify Window to Disable a Port
How to Remove a Port Service
Troubleshooting Terminal and Modem Problems
Chapter 14 Setting Up Terminals and Modems With the Service Access Facility (Tasks)
Using the Service Access Facility
Overall Administration: sacadm Command
Service Access Controller: SAC Program
SAC Initialization Process
Port Monitor Service Administrator: pmadm Command
A Port Monitor at Work: ttymon
Port Initialization Process
Bidirectional Service
Port Monitors: TTY Monitor and Network Listener
TTY Port Monitor: ttymon
ttymon and the Console Port
Special ttymon-Specific Administrative Command: ttyadm
Network Listener Service: listen
Special listen-Specific Administrative Command: nlsadmin
Administering ttymon Port Monitors
How to Add a ttymon Port Monitor
How to View ttymon Port Monitor Status
Example--Viewing ttymon Port Monitor Status
How to Stop a ttymon Port Monitor
How to Start a ttymon Port Monitor
How to Disable a ttymon Port Monitor
How to Enable a ttymon Port Monitor
How to Remove a ttymon Port Monitor
Administering ttymon Services
How to Add a Service
How to View the Status of a TTY Port Service
Listing One Service
Listing All Services of All Port Monitors
Listing All Services of a Port Monitor
Example--Viewing the Status of a TTY Port Monitor Service
How to Enable a Port Monitor Service
How to Disable a Port Monitor Service
Reference Material for Service Access Facility Administration
Files Associated With SAF
The /etc/saf/_sactab File
The /etc/saf/pmtab/_pmtab File
Service States
Port Monitor States
Port States
Chapter 15 Managing System Security Topics
Chapter 16 Managing System Security (Overview)
What's New in Solaris System Security?
New Default Ownerships and Permissions on System Files and Directories
Role-Based Access Control
Sun Enterprise Authentication Mechanism (SEAM) or Kerberos V5 Client Support
Where to Find System Security Tasks
Controlling Access to a Computer System
Maintaining Physical Site Security
Maintaining Login and Access Control
Restricting Access to Data in Files
Maintaining Network Control
Monitoring System Usage
Setting the Correct Path
Securing Files
Installing a Firewall
Reporting Security Problems
File Security
File Administration Commands
File Encryption
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
System Security
Login Access Restrictions
Special Logins
Managing Password Information
NIS+ Password File
NIS Password File
/etc Files
Using the Restricted Shell
Tracking Superuser (Root) Login
Monitoring Who is Becoming Superuser or Other Users
Network Security
Firewall Systems
Packet Smashing
Authentication and Authorization
Sharing Files
Restricting Superuser (Root) Access
Using Privileged Ports
Using Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET)
Chapter 17 Securing Files (Tasks)
File Security Features
User Classes
File Permissions
Directory Permissions
Special File Permissions (setuid, setgid and Sticky Bit)
setuid Permission
setgid Permission
Sticky Bit
Default umask
Displaying File Information
How to Display File Information
Example--Displaying File Information
Changing File Ownership
How to Change the Owner of a File
Example--Changing the Owner of a File
How to Change Group Ownership of a File
Example--Changing Group Ownership of a File
Changing File Permissions
How to Change Permissions in Absolute Mode
Example--Changing Permissions in Absolute Mode
How to Change Special Permissions in Absolute Mode
Examples--Setting Special Permissions in Absolute Mode
How to Change Permissions in Symbolic Mode
Examples--Changing Permissions in Symbolic Mode
Searching for Special Permissions
How to Find Files With setuid Permissions
Example--Finding Files With setuid Permissions
Executable Stacks and Security
How to Disable Programs From Using Executable Stacks
How to Disable Executable Stack Message Logging
Using Access Control Lists (ACLs)
ACL Entries for Files
ACL Entries for Directories
How to Set an ACL on a File
Examples--Setting an ACL on a File
How to Copy an ACL
Example--Copying an ACL
How to Check If a File Has an ACL
Example--Checking If a File Has an ACL
How to Modify ACL Entries on a File
Examples--Modifying ACL Entries on a File
How to Delete ACL Entries From a File
Example--Deleting ACL Entries on a File
How to Display ACL Entries for a File
Examples--Displaying ACL Entries for a File
Chapter 18 Securing Systems (Tasks)
Displaying Security Information
How to Display a User's Login Status
Example--Displaying a User's Login Status
How to Display Users Without Passwords
Example--Displaying Users Without Passwords
Temporarily Disabling User Logins
Creating the /etc/nologin File
How to Temporarily Disable User Logins
Example--Disabling User Logins
Saving Failed Login Attempts
How to Save Failed Login Attempts
Password Protection Using Dial-up Passwords
The /etc/d_passwd File
How to Create a Dial-up Password
How to Temporarily Disable Dial-up Logins
Restricting Superuser (root) Access on the Console
How to Restrict Superuser (root) Login to the Console
Monitoring Who Is Using the su Command
How to Monitor Who Is Using the su Command
How to Display Superuser (root) Access Attempts to the Console
Modifying a System's Abort Sequence
How to Disable or Enable a System's Abort Sequence
Chapter 19 Role-Based Access Control
Overview of Role-Based Access Control
Extended User Attributes Database (user_attr)
Authorizations
Execution Profiles
Execution Attributes
How to Assume Role-Based Access Control
Tools for Managing Role-Based Access Control
Chapter 20 Using Authentication Services (Tasks)
Overview of Secure RPC
NFS Services and Secure RPC
DES Encryption
Kerberos Authentication
Diffie-Hellman Authentication
Implementation of Diffie-Hellman Authentication
Generating the Public and Secret Keys
Running the keylogin Command
Generating the Conversation Key
First Contact With the Server
Decrypting the Conversation Key
Storing Information on the Server
Verifier Returned to the Client
Client Authenticates the Server
Additional Transactions
Administering Diffie-Hellman Authentication
How to Restart the Keyserver
How to Set Up NIS+ Credentials for Diffie-Hellman Authentication
Example--Setting Up a New Key for root on a NIS+ Client
To set up a new key for an NIS+ user:
Example--Setting Up a New Key for an NIS+ User
How to Set Up NIS Credentials With Diffie-Hellman Authentication
Example--Setting Up an NIS+ Client to Use Diffie-Hellman Security
To create a new key for a user:
How to Share and Mount Files With Diffie-Hellman Authentication
Introduction to PAM
Benefits of Using PAM
Overview of PAM
PAM Module Types
Stacking Feature
Password-Mapping Feature
PAM Functionality
PAM Library
PAM Modules
PAM Configuration File
Configuration File Syntax
Valid Service Names
Control Flags
Generic pam.conf File
Configuring PAM
Planning for PAM
How to Add a PAM Module
Verification
How to Prevent Unauthorized Access From Remote Systems With PAM
How to Initiate PAM Error Reporting
Example--Initiating PAM Error Reporting
Chapter 21 SEAM Overview
What Is SEAM?
SEAM Terminology
Kerberos-Specific Terminology
Authentication-Specific Terminology
SEAM Components
How SEAM Works
Principals
Realms
Realms and Servers
Security Services
Chapter 22 Configuring SEAM
SEAM Administration Task Map
Configuring SEAM Clients
How to Configure a SEAM Client
How to Finish the Configuration of a SEAM Client
Configuring SEAM NFS Servers Task Map
How to Configure SEAM NFS Servers
How to Change the Back-end Mechanism for the gsscred Table
How to Create a Credential Table
How to Add a Single Entry to the Credential Table
Example--Changing a Single Entry to the Credential Table
How to Set Up a Secure NFS Environment With Multiple Kerberos Security Modes
Example--Sharing a File System With One Kerberos Security Mode
Example--Sharing a File System With Multiple Kerberos Security Modes
Synchronizing Clocks Between KDCs and SEAM Clients
SEAM Client Error Messages
Chapter 23 SEAM Reference
Ticket Management
Do You Need to Worry About Tickets?
How to Create a Ticket
Example--Creating a Ticket
How to View Tickets
Example--Viewing Tickets
How to Destroy Tickets
Password Management
Advice on Choosing a Password
Changing Your Password
Examples--Changing Your Password
SEAM Files
PAM Configuration File
SEAM Commands
Changes to the share Command
SEAM Daemons
Ticket Reference
Types of Tickets
Ticket Lifetimes
Principal Names
How the Authentication System Works
Gaining Access to a Service Using SEAM
Obtaining a Credential for the Ticket-Granting Service
Obtaining a Credential for a Server
Obtaining Access to a Specific Service
Using the gsscred Table
Which Mechanism to Select for the gsscred Table
Chapter 24 Using Automated Security Enhancement Tool (Tasks)
Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET)
ASET Security Levels
ASET Tasks
System Files Permissions Verification
System Files Checks
User/Group Checks
System Configuration Files Check
Environment Check
eeprom Check
Firewall Setup
ASET Execution Log
Example of an ASET Execution Log File
ASET Reports
Format of ASET Report Files
Examining ASET Report Files
Comparing ASET Report Files
ASET Master Files
Tune Files
The uid_aliases File
The Checklist Files
ASET Environment File (asetenv)
Configuring ASET
Modifying the Environment File (asetenv)
Choose Which Tasks to Run: TASKS
Specify Directories for Checklist Task: CKLISTPATH
Schedule ASET Execution: PERIODIC_SCHEDULE
Specify an Aliases File: UID_ALIASES
Extend Checks to NIS+ Tables: YPCHECK
Modifying the Tune Files
Restoring System Files Modified by ASET
Network Operation Using the NFS System
Providing a Global Configuration for Each Security Level
Collecting ASET Reports
ASET Environment Variables
ASETDIR Variable
ASETSECLEVEL Variable
PERIODIC_SCHEDULE Variable
TASKS Variable
UID_ALIASES Variable
YPCHECK Variable
CKLISTPATH_level Variable
ASET File Examples
Tune Files
Aliases File
Running ASET
How to Run ASET Interactively
Example--Running ASET Interactively
How to Run ASET Periodically
How to Stop Running ASET Periodically
How to Collect ASET Reports on a Server
Troubleshooting ASET Problems
ASET Error Messages
Chapter 25 Managing System Resources Topics
Chapter 26 Managing System Resources (Overview)
Where to Find System Resource Tasks
What's New in Managing System Resources?
Displaying and Changing System Information
What Are Quotas?
Executing Routine Tasks Automatically
Scheduling Repetitive Jobs: crontab
Scheduling a Single Job: at
What is System Accounting?
Accounting Components
How Accounting Works
Chapter 27 Examining and Changing System Information (Tasks)
Using Commands to Display System Information
How to Determine Whether a System Can Run the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment
How to Determine Whether a System Has 64-bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled
Examples--Determining Whether a System Has 64-bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled
How to Display System and Software Release Information
Example--Displaying System and Software Release Information
How to Display General System Information (uname)
Example--Displaying General System Information
How to Display a System's Host ID Number
Example--Displaying a System's Host ID Number
How to Display a System's Installed Memory
Example--Displaying a System's Installed Memory
How to Display the Date and Time
Example--Displaying the Date and Time
Using Commands to Change System Information
Using Network Time Protocol (NTP) in Your Network
How to Set Up an NTP Server
How to Set Up an NTP Client
How to Synchronize Date and Time From Another System
Example--Synchronizing Date and Time From Another System
How to Set a System's Date and Time Manually
Example--Setting a System's Date and Time Manually
How to Set Up a Message of the Day
Example--Setting Up a Message of the Day
How to Set the Number of Processes per User
Example--Setting the Number of Processes per User
How to Increase Shared Memory Segments
Example--Increasing Shared Memory Segments
Chapter 28 Managing Disk Use (Tasks)
Displaying Blocks and Files Used
How to Display Information About Blocks, Files, and Disk Space
Examples--Displaying Information About Blocks, Files, and Disk Space
Checking the Size of Files
How to Display the Size of Files
Examples--Displaying the Size of Files
How to Find Large Files
Example--Finding Large Files
How to Find Files That Exceed a Given Size Limit
Example--Finding Files That Exceed a Given Size Limit
Checking the Size of Directories
How to Display the Size of Directories, Subdirectories, and Files
Examples--Displaying the Size of Directories, Subdirectories, and Files
How to Display the User Allocation of Local UFS File Systems
Example--Displaying the User Allocation of Local UFS File Systems
Finding and Removing Old and Inactive Files
How to List the Newest Files
Example--Listing the Newest Files
How to Find and Remove Old or Inactive Files
Example--Finding and Removing Old or Inactive Files
How to Clear Out Temporary Directories
Example--Clearing Out Temporary Directories
How to Find and Delete core Files
Example--Finding and Deleting core Files
How to Delete Crash Dump Files
Example--Deleting Crash Dump Files
Chapter 29 Managing Quotas (Tasks)
Using Quotas
Soft Limits and Hard Limits
Difference Between Disk Block and File Limits
Setting Up Quotas
Guidelines for Setting Up Quotas
Setting Up Quotas Task Map
How to Configure File Systems for Quotas
Examples--Configuring File Systems for Quotas
How to Set Up Quotas for a User
Examples--Setting Up Quotas for a User
How to Set Up Quotas for Multiple Users
Example--Setting Up Prototype Quotas for Multiple Users
How to Check Quota Consistency
Example--Checking Quota Consistency
How to Turn Quotas On
Example--Turning Quotas On
Checking Quotas
How to Check for Exceeded Quotas
Example--Checking for Exceeded Quotas
How to Check Quotas on a File System
Example--Checking Quotas on a File System
Changing and Removing Quotas
How to Change the Soft Time Limit Default
Examples--Changing the Soft Time Limit Default
How to Change Quotas for a User
Examples--Changing Quotas for a User
How to Disable Quotas for a User
Examples--Disabling Quotas for a User
How to Turn Quotas Off
Example--Turning Quotas Off
Chapter 30 Scheduling System Events (Tasks)
Commands for Scheduling System Events
Scheduling a Repetitive System Event (cron)
Inside a crontab File
How the cron Daemon Handles Scheduling
Syntax of crontab File Entries
Creating and Editing crontab Files
How to Create or Edit a crontab File
Example--Creating or Editing a crontab File
How to Verify a crontab File
Displaying crontab Files
How to Display a crontab File
Example--Displaying a crontab File
Removing crontab Files
How to Remove a crontab File
Example--Removing a crontab File
Controlling Access to crontab
How to Deny crontab Access
How to Limit crontab Access to Specified Users
Examples--Limiting crontab Access to Specified Users
How to Verify Limited crontab Accesss
Scheduling a Single System Event (at)
at Command Description
at Command Security
How to Create an at Job
Examples--Creating an at Job
How to Display the at Queue
How to Verify an at Job
How to Display at Jobs
Example--Displaying at Jobs
How to Remove at Jobs
Example--Removing at Jobs
Controlling Access to at
How to Deny at Access
Example--Denying at Access
How to Verify at Access Is Denied
Chapter 31 Managing System Accounting (Tasks)
Setting Up System Accounting
How to Set Up System Accounting
Examples--Setting Up Accounting
Billing Users
How to Bill Users
Example--Billing Users
Maintaining Accounting Information
Fixing Corrupted Files and wtmpx Errors
How to Fix a wtmpx File
Fixing tacct Errors
How to Fix tacct Errors
Restarting runacct
How to Restart runacct
Stopping and Disabling System Accounting
How to Temporarily Stop System Accounting
How to Permanently Disable System Accounting
Chapter 32 System Accounting (Reference)
Daily Accounting
Connect Accounting
Process Accounting
Disk Accounting
Calculating User Fees
How Daily Accounting Works
What Happens if the System Shuts Down
Accounting Reports
Daily Accounting Reports
Daily Report
Daily Usage Report
Daily Command Summary
Monthly Command Summary
Last Login Report
Looking at the pacct File With acctcom
The runacct Program
Accounting Files
Files Produced by runacct
Chapter 33 Managing System Performance Topics
Chapter 34 System Performance (Overview)
What's New in Managing System Performance?
SPARC: busstat
The cpustat and cputrack Commands
prstat
Obsolete Interprocess Communication Parameters
Where to Find System Performance Tasks
System Performance and System Resources
Sources of Performance Tuning Information
Processes and System Performance
Commands for Managing Processes
About Monitoring Performance
Monitoring Tools
Chapter 35 Managing Processes (Tasks)
Displaying Information About Processes
The ps Command
How to List Processes
Example--Listing Processes
The /proc File System and Commands
Displaying Information About Processes (/proc Tools)
How to Display Information About Processes
Examples--Displaying Information About Processes
Controlling Processes (/proc Tools)
How to Control Processes
Example--Controlling Processes
Killing a Process (pkill)
How to Kill a Process
Managing Process Class Information
Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes With priocntl
How to Display Basic Information About Process Classes
Example--Getting Basic Information About Process Classes
How to Display the Global Priority of a Process
Example--Displaying the Global Priority of a Process
How to Designate a Process Priority
Example--Designating a Priority
How to Change Scheduling Parameters of a Timeshare Process
Example--Changing Scheduling Parameters of a Timeshare Process
How to Change the Class of a Process
Example--Changing the Class of a Process
Changing the Priority of a Timesharing Process With nice
How to Change the Priority of a Process
Process Troubleshooting
Chapter 36 Monitoring Performance (Tasks)
Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat)
How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat)
Example--Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics
How to Display System Event Information (vmstat -s)
How to Display Swapping Statistics (vmstat -S)
How to Display Cache Flushing Statistics (vmstat -c)
How to Display Interrupts Per Device (vmstat -i)
Example--Displaying Interrupts Per Device
Displaying Disk Utilization Information (iostat n)
How to Display Disk Utilization Information (iostat)
Example--Displaying Disk Utilization Information
How to Display Extended Disk Statistics (iostat -xtc)
Displaying Disk Usage Statistics (df)
How to Display File System Information (df)
Example--Displaying File System Information
Monitoring System Activities (sar)
How to Check File Access (sar -a)
How to Check Buffer Activity (sar -b)
Example--Checking Buffer Activity
How to Check System Call Statistics (sar -c)
Example--Checking System Call Statistics
How to Check Disk Activity (sar -d)
Examples--Checking Disk Activity
How to Check Page-Out and Memory (sar -g)
Example--Checking Page-Out and Memory
How to Check Kernel Memory Allocation (sar -k)
Example--Checking Kernel Memory Allocation (sar)
How to Check Interprocess Communication (sar -m)
Example--Checking Interprocess Communication
How to Check Page-In Activity (sar -p)
Example--Checking Page-In Activity
How to Check Queue Activity (sar -q)
Example--Checking Queue Activity
How to Check Unused Memory (sar -r)
Example--Checking Unused Memory
How to Check CPU Utilization (sar -u)
Example--Checking CPU Utilization
How to Check System Table Status (sar -v)
Example--Checking System Table Status
How to Check Swap Activity (sar -w)
Example--Checking Swap Activity
How to Check Terminal Activity (sar -y)
Example--Checking Terminal Activity
How to Check Overall System Performance (sar -A)
Collecting System Activity Data Automatically (sar)
Running sadc When Booting
Running sadc Periodically With sa1
Producing Reports With sa2
Collecting System Activity Data (sar)
How to Set Up Automatic Data Collection
Chapter 37 Troubleshooting Solaris Software Topics
Chapter 38 Troubleshooting Software Problems (Overview)
Where to Find Software Troubleshooting Tasks
What's New in System Troubleshooting?
apptrace
Improved Core File Management
The coreadm Command
Examining Core Files With Proc Tools
New Remote Console Messaging Features
Troubleshooting a System Crash
What to Do if the System Crashes
Gathering Troubleshooting Data
Troubleshooting a System Crash Checklist
Viewing System Messages
How to View System Messages
Example--Viewing System Messages
Customizing System Message Logging
How to Customize System Message Logging
Example--Customizing Message System Logging
Enabling Remote Console Messaging
Using Auxiliary Console Messaging During Run Level Transitions
Using the consadm Command During an Interactive Login Session
How to Enable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
Example--Enabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
How to Display a List of Auxiliary Consoles
How to Enable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console Across System Reboots
Example--Enabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console Across System Reboots
How to Disable an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
Example--Disabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
Chapter 39 Managing System Crash Information
System Crashes
System Crash Files and Core Files
Managing Core Files (coreadm)
Configurable Core File Paths
Expanded Core File Names
Setting the Core File Name Pattern
Enabling setuid Programs to Produce Core Files
How to Display the Current Core Dump Configuration
How to Set a Core File Name Pattern
How to Display a Core File Name Pattern
How to Enable a Per-Process Core File Path
How to Enable a Global Core File Path
Troubleshooting Core File Problems
Managing System Crash Dump Information (dumpadm)
System Crash Dump Features
The dumpadm Command
How the dumpadm Command Works
Saving Crash Dumps
Managing System Crash Information Task Map
How to Display the Current Crash Dump Configuration
How to Modify a Crash Dump Configuration
Example--Modifying a Crash Dump Configuration
How to Examine a Crash Dump
Example--Examining a Crash Dump
How to Recover From a Full Crash Dump Directory (Optional)
How to Disable or Enable Saving Crash Dumps (Optional)
Example--Disabling the Saving of Crash Dumps
Example--Enabling the Saving of Crash Dumps
Chapter 40 Troubleshooting Miscellaneous Software Problems
What to Do If Rebooting Fails
SPARC: Troubleshooting 64-bit Solaris Boot Problems
What to Do if a System Hangs
What to Do if a File System Fills Up
File System Fills Up Because a Large File or Directory Was Created
A TMPFS File System is Full Because the System Ran Out of Memory
What to Do if File ACLs Are Lost After Copy or Restore
Troubleshooting Backup Problems
The root (/) File System Fills Up After You Back Up a File System
Make Sure the Backup and Restore Commands Match
Check to Make Sure You Have the Right Current Directory
Use the Old restore Command to Restore Multivolume Diskette Backups
Interactive Commands
Chapter 41 Troubleshooting File Access Problems
Solving Problems With Search Paths (Command not found)
How to Diagnose and Correct Search Path Problems
Example--Diagnosing and Correcting Search Path Problems
Solving File Access Problems
Changing File and Group Ownerships
Recognizing Problems With Network Access
Chapter 42 Troubleshooting Printing Problems
Tips on Troubleshooting Printing Problems
Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints)
Check the Hardware
Check the Network
Check the LP Print Service
Troubleshooting Incorrect Output
Check the Printer Type and File Content Type
Check the stty Settings
Wrong Baud Settings
Wrong Parity Setting
Wrong Tab Settings
Wrong Return Setting
Troubleshooting Hung LP Commands
Troubleshooting Idle (Hung) Printers
Check the Print Filters
Check Printer Faults
Check Network Problems
Print Requests Backed Up in the Local Queue
Print Requests Backed Up in the Remote Queue
Troubleshooting Conflicting Status Messages
Troubleshooting Printing Problems
How to Troubleshoot No Printer Output
To check the hardware:
To check the network:
To check the basic functions of the LP print service:
To check printing from a SunOS 5.8 print client to a SunOS 5.8 print server:
To check printing from a SunOS 5.8 print client to a SunOS 4.1 print server:
To check printing from a SunOS 4.1 client to a SunOS 5.8 print server:
How to Troubleshoot Incorrect Output
How to Unhang the LP Print Service
How to Troubleshoot an Idle (Hung) Printer
To check that the printer is ready to print:
To check for print filtering:
To resume printing after a printer fault:
To send print requests to a remote printer when they back up in the local queue:
To free print requests from a print client that back up in the print server queue:
How to Resolve Conflicting Printer Status Messages
Chapter 43 Troubleshooting File System Problems
fsck Error Messages
General fsck Error Messages
Initialization Phase fsck Messages
Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes Messages
Phase 1B: Rescan for More DUPS Messages
Phase 2: Check Path Names Messages
Phase 3: Check Connectivity Messages
Phase 4: Check Reference Counts Messages
Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages
Cleanup Phase Messages
Chapter 44 Troubleshooting Software Administration Problems
What's New in Troubleshooting Software Administration Problems?
Specific Software Administration Errors
General Software Administration Problems
Index
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