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System Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems
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About This Book
Chapter 1 Managing Removable Media (Overview)
Where to Find Managing Removable Media Tasks
Removable Media Features and Benefits
Comparison of Automatic and Manual Mounting
What You Can Do With Volume Management
Chapter 2 Accessing Removable Media (Tasks)
Accessing Removable Media (Task Map)
Accessing Removable Media (Overview)
Using Removable Media Names
Guidelines for Accessing Removable Media Data
Accessing Jaz Drives or Zip Drives
How to Add a New Removable Media Drive
Stopping and Starting Volume Management (vold)
How to Stop Volume Management (vold)
How to Restart Volume Management (vold)
How to Access Information on Removable Media
How to Copy Information From Removable Media
How to Play a Musical CD or DVD
How to Find Out If Removable Media Is Still in Use
How to Eject Removable Media
Accessing Removable Media on a Remote System (Task Map)
How to Make Local Media Available to Other Systems
How to Access Removable Media on Remote Systems
Chapter 3 Formatting Removable Media (Tasks)
Formatting Removable Media (Task Map)
Formatting Removable Media Overview
Formatting Removable Media Guidelines
Removable Media Hardware Considerations
Diskette Hardware Considerations
PCMCIA Memory Card Hardware Considerations
How to Load a Removable Media
How to Format Removable Media (rmformat)
How to Format Removable Media for Adding a File System
How to Check a File System on Removable Media
How to Repair Bad Blocks on Removable Media
Applying Read or Write and Password Protection to Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Write Protection on Removable Media
How to Enable or Disable Read or Write Protection and a Password on Iomega Media
Chapter 4 Writing CDs (Tasks)
Working with Audio and Data CDs
CD Media Commonly Used Terms
Writing Data and Audio CDs
Restricting User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Restrict User Access to Removable Media with RBAC
How to Identify a CD Writer
How to Check the CD Media
Creating a Data CD
How to Create an ISO 9660 File System for a Data CD
How to Create a Multi-Session Data CD
Creating an Audio CD
How to Create an Audio CD
How to Extract an Audio Track on a CD
How to Copy a CD
How to Erase CD-RW Media
Chapter 5 Managing Devices (Tasks)
What's New in Device Management?
USB Device Enhancements
Where to Find Device Management Tasks
About Device Drivers
Automatic Configuration of Devices
Features and Benefits of Autoconfiguration
What You Need for Unsupported Devices
Displaying Device Configuration Information
driver not attached Message
Identifying a System's Devices
How to Display System Configuration Information
Examples—Displaying System Configuration Information
How to Display Device Information
Examples—Displaying Device Information
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
How to Add a Peripheral Device
How to Add a Device Driver
Chapter 6 Dynamically Configuring Devices (Tasks)
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Hot-Plugging
Attachment Points
x86: Detaching PCI Adapter Cards
x86: Attaching PCI Adapter Cards
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
SCSI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
How to Display Information About SCSI Devices
How to Unconfigure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Controller
How to Configure a SCSI Device
How to Disconnect a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Connect a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Add a SCSI Device to a SCSI Bus
SPARC: How to Replace an Identical Device on a SCSI Controller
SPARC: How to Remove a SCSI Device
SPARC: Troubleshooting SCSI Configuration Problems
How to Resolve a Failed SCSI Unconfigure Operation
PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
x86: PCI Hot-Plugging With the cfgadm Command
x86: How to Display PCI Slot Configuration Information
x86: How to Remove a PCI Adapter Card
x86: How to Add a PCI Adapter Card
x86: Troubleshooting PCI Configuration Problems
Reconfiguration Coordination Manager (RCM) Script Overview
What Is an RCM Script?
What Can an RCM Script Do?
How Does the RCM Script Process Work?
RCM Script Commands
RCM Script Processing Environment
RCM Script Tasks
Application Developer RCM Script (Task Map)
System Administrator RCM Script (Task Map)
Naming an RCM Script
Installing or Removing an RCM Script
How to Install an RCM Script
How to Remove an RCM Script
How to Test an RCM Script
Tape Backup RCM Script Example
What the Tape Backup RCM Script Does
Outcomes of the Tape Backup Reconfiguration Scenarios
Example—Tape Backup RCM Script
Chapter 7 Using USB Devices (Overview)
What's New in USB Devices?
USB Dual Framework
USB Framework Compatibility Issues
Solaris Support for USB Devices
SPARC: USB 2.0 Features
USB 2.0 Device Features and Compatibility Issues
USB 2.0 Cables
Bus-Powered Devices
USB Mass Storage Devices
Troubleshooting Tips for USB Mass Storage Devices
SPARC: USB Driver Enhancements
The EHCI and OHCI Drivers
Overview of USB Devices
Commonly Used USB Acronyms
USB Bus Description
USB Devices and Drivers
Solaris USB Architecture (USBA)
About USB in the Solaris Environment
USB Keyboards and Mouse Devices
USB Host Controller and Root Hub
USB Hub Devices
SPARC: USB Power Management
Guidelines for USB Cables
Chapter 8 Using USB Devices (Tasks)
Managing USB Devices in the Solaris Environment (Roadmap)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Mass Storage Devices
Using USB Diskette Devices
Using Non-Compliant USB Mass Storage Devices
Preparing to Use a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Prepare to Use USB Mass Storage Devices Without vold Running
How to Display USB Device Information (prtconf)
How to Format a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Mount or Unmount a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
Disabling Specific USB Drivers
How to Disable Specific USB Drivers
How to Remove Unused USB Device Links
Hot-Plugging USB Devices (Task Map)
How to Add a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Add a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Remove a USB Mass Storage Device With vold Running
How to Remove a USB Mass Storage Device Without vold Running
How to Add a USB Camera
Using USB Audio Devices (Task Map)
Using USB Audio Devices
Hot-Plugging Multiple USB Audio Devices
How to Add USB Audio Devices
How to Identify Your System's Primary Audio Device
How to Change the Primary USB Audio Device
Troubleshooting USB Audio Device Problems
Solving USB Audio Problems
Key Points of Audio Device Ownership
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command (Task Map)
Hot-Plugging USB Devices With the cfgadm Command
How to Display USB Bus Information (cfgadm)
How to Unconfigure a USB Device
How to Configure a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device
How to Logically Connect a USB Device
How to Logically Disconnect a USB Device Subtree
How to Reset a USB Device
How to Change the Default Configuration of a Multi-Configuration USB Device
Chapter 9 Accessing Devices (Overview)
Accessing Devices
How Device Information Is Created
How Devices Are Managed
Device Naming Conventions
Logical Disk Device Names
Specifying the Disk Subdirectory
Specifying the Slice
x86: Disks With Direct Controllers
SPARC: Disks With Bus-Oriented Controllers
x86: Disks With SCSI Controllers
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical Removable Media Device Names
Chapter 10 Managing Disks (Overview)
What's New in Disk Management in the Solaris 9 Update Releases?
SPARC: Multiterabyte Disk Support With EFI Disk Label
Comparison of the EFI Label and the VTOC Label
Restrictions of the EFI Disk Label
Installing a System With an EFI-Labeled Disk
Managing Disks With EFI Disks Labels
Cloning a Disk with an EFI Label
Troubleshooting Problems With EFI Disk Labels
Where to Find Disk Management Tasks
Overview of Disk Management
Disk Terminology
About Disk Slices
SPARC: Disk Slices
x86: Disk Slices
Using Raw Data Slices
Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks
Determining Which Slices to Use
The format Utility
When to Use the format Utility
Guidelines for Using the format Utility
Formatting a Disk
About Disk Labels
Partition Table
Displaying Partition Table Information
Dividing a Disk Into Slices
Using the Free Hog Slice
Chapter 11 Administering Disks (Tasks)
Administering Disks (Task Map)
Identifying Disks on a System
How to Identify the Disks on a System
Formatting a Disk
How to Determine if a Disk is Formatted
How to Format a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
How to Display Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
How to Label a Disk
How to Examine a Disk Label
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating a format.dat Entry
How to Create a format.dat Entry
Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives
How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
How to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks for Managing Disks
Debugging format Sessions
Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands
Chapter 12 SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
SPARC: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk
SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
SPARC: How to Create a UFS File System
SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 13 x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
x86: Adding a System Disk or a Secondary Disk (Task Map)
x86: Adding a System or Secondary Disk
x86: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
x86: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
x86: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition
x86: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition
x86: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
x86: How to Create File Systems
x86: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 14 The format Utility (Reference)
Recommendations and Requirements for Using The format Utility
Format Menu and Command Descriptions
The partition Menu
x86: The fdisk Menu
The analyze Menu
The defect Menu
The format.dat File
Contents of the format.dat File
Syntax of the format.dat File
Keywords in the format.dat File
Disk Type (format.dat)
Partition or Slice Tables (format.dat)
Specifying an Alternate Data File for the format utility
Rules for Input to format Commands
Specifying Numbers to format Commands
Specifying Block Numbers to format Commands
Specifying format Command Names
Specifying Disk Names to format Commands
Getting Help on the format Utility
Chapter 15 Managing File Systems (Overview)
What's New in File Systems in the Solaris 9 Update Releases?
UFS Logging Is Enabled by Default
Default Logging and Standards Conformance
SPARC: Support of Multiterabyte UFS File Systems
Features of Multiterabyte UFS File Systems
Limitations of Multiterabyte UFS File Systems
How to Create a Multiterabyte UFS File System
How to Expand a Multiterabyte UFS File System
How to Expand a UFS File System to a Multiterabyte UFS File System
Troubleshooting Multiterabyte UFS File System Problems
Where to Find File System Management Tasks
Overview of File Systems
Types of File Systems
Disk-Based File Systems
Network-Based File Systems
Virtual File Systems
The CacheFS File System
The Universal Disk Format (UDF) File System
Temporary File System
The Loopback File System
Process File System
Additional Virtual File Systems
Extended File Attributes
Commands for File System Administration
How File System Commands Determine the File System Type
Manual Pages for Generic and Specific Commands
The Default Solaris File Systems
Swap Space
The UFS File System
Planning UFS File Systems
UFS Logging
UFS Snapshots
UFS Direct Input/Output (I/O)
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
The Mounted File System Table
The Virtual File System Table
The NFS Environment
Automounting or AutoFS
Determining a File System's Type
How to Determine a File System's Type
Examples—Determining a File System's Type
Chapter 16 Creating UFS, TMPFS, and LOFS File Systems (Tasks)
Creating a UFS File System
Default Parameters for the newfs Command
How to Create a UFS File System
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
How to Create a TMPFS File System
Creating a Loopback File System (LOFS)
How to Create an LOFS File System
Chapter 17 Mounting and Unmounting File Systems (Tasks)
Overview of Mounting File Systems
Commands for Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
Commonly Used Mount Options
Field Descriptions for the /etc/vfstab File
Mounting File Systems
How to Determine Which File Systems Are Mounted
How to Add an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount a File System (/etc/vfstab File)
How to Mount a UFS File System (mount Command)
How to Mount a UFS File System Without Large Files (mount Command)
How to Mount an NFS File System (mount Command)
x86: How to Mount a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk (mount Command)
Unmounting File Systems
Prerequisites for Unmounting File Systems
How to Verify a File System is Unmounted
How to Stop All Processes Accessing a File System
How to Unmount a File System
Chapter 18 Using The CacheFS File System (Tasks)
High-Level View of Using the CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Overview of the CacheFS File System
How a CacheFS File System Works
CacheFS File System Structure and Behavior
Creating and Mounting a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
How to Create the Cache
Mounting a File System in the Cache
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (mount)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (/etc/vfstab)
How to Mount a CacheFS File System (AutoFS)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System (Task Map)
Maintaining a CacheFS File System
Modifying a CacheFS File System
How to Display Information About a CacheFS File System
Consistency Checking of a CacheFS File System
Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Specify Cache Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Delete a CacheFS File System
How to Check the Integrity of a CacheFS File System
Packing a Cached File System (Task Map)
Packing a CacheFS File System
How to Pack Files in the Cache
Examples—Packing Files in the Cache
How to Display Packed Files Information
Using Packing Lists
How to Create a Packing List
How to Pack Files in the Cache With a Packing List
Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
How to Unpack Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Troubleshooting cachefspack Errors
Collecting CacheFS Statistics (Task Map)
Collecting CacheFS Statistics
How to Set Up CacheFS Logging
How to Locate the CacheFS Log File
How to Stop CacheFS Logging
How to View the Working Set (Cache) Size
Viewing CacheFS Statistics
How to View CacheFS Statistics
Chapter 19 Configuring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
About Swap Space
Swap Space and Virtual Memory
Swap Space and the TMPFS File System
Swap Space as a Dump Device
Swap Space and Dynamic Reconfiguration
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
Swap-Related Error Messages
TMPFS-Related Error Messages
How Swap Space Is Allocated
The /etc/vfstab File
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
The mkfile Command
How to Create a Swap File and Make It Available
Removing a Swap File From Use
How to Remove Unneeded Swap Space
Chapter 20 Checking UFS File System Consistency (Tasks)
File System Consistency
How the File System State Is Recorded
What the fsck Command Checks and Tries to Repair
Why Inconsistencies Might Occur
The UFS Components That Are Checked for Consistency
Superblock Checks
File System Size and Inode List Size Checks
Free Block Checks
Free Inode Checks
Inodes
Format and Type of Inodes
Link Count Checks
Duplicate Block Checks
Bad Block Number Checks
Inode Size Checks
Indirect Blocks
Data Blocks
Directory Unallocated Checks
Bad Inode Number Checks
Incorrect “.” and “..” Entry Checks
Disconnected Directories
Regular Data Blocks
The fsck Summary Message
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
How to Check the root (/) or /usr File Systems From an Alternate Boot Device
How to Check Non-root (/) or Non-/usr File Systems
Preening UFS File Systems
How to Preen a UFS File System
Fixing a UFS File System That the fsck Command Cannot Repair
Restoring a Bad Superblock
How to Restore a Bad Superblock
Syntax and Options for the fsck Command
Chapter 21 UFS File System (Reference)
Default Directories for root (/) and /usr File Systems
The Platform-Dependent Directories
The Structure of Cylinder Groups for UFS File Systems
The Boot Block
The Superblock
Inodes
Data Blocks
Free Blocks
Custom File System Parameters
Logical Block Size
Fragment Size
Minimum Free Space
Rotational Delay
Optimization Type
Number of Inodes (Files)
Maximum UFS File and File System Size
Maximum Number of UFS Subdirectories
Commands for Creating a Customized File System
The newfs Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments
The Generic mkfs Command
Chapter 22 Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
Where to Find Backup and Restore Tasks
Definition: Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Choosing the Type of Backup
Choosing a Tape Device
High-Level View of Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Task Map)
Guidelines for Scheduling Backups
How Often Should You Do Backups?
Backup Terms and Definitions
Suggestions for Scheduling Backups
Using Dump Levels to Create Incremental Backups
Example—Dump Levels for Daily, Cumulative Backups
Example—Dump Levels for Daily, Incremental Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
Example—Daily Cumulative, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Requirements for the Daily Cumulative, Weekly Cumulative Schedule
Example—Daily Cumulative, Weekly Incremental Backups
Tape Requirements for the Daily Cumulative, Weekly Incremental Backup Schedule
Example—Daily Incremental, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Requirements for Daily Incremental, Weekly Cumulative Schedule
Example—Monthly Backup Schedule for a Server
Chapter 23 Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Backing Up Files and File System (Task Map)
Preparing for File System Backups
How to Find File System Names
How to Determine the Number of Tapes Needed for a Full Backup
Backing Up a File System
How to Backup a File System to Tape
Chapter 24 Using UFS Snapshots (Tasks)
Using UFS Snapshots (Task Map)
UFS Snapshots Overview
Why Use UFS Snapshots?
UFS Snapshots Performance Issues
Creating and Deleting UFS Snapshots
How to Create a UFS Snapshot
How to Display UFS Snapshot Information
Deleting a UFS Snapshot
How to Delete a UFS Snapshot
Backing Up a UFS Snapshot
How to Create a Full Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Create an Incremental Backup of a UFS Snapshot (ufsdump)
How to Back Up a UFS Snapshot (tar)
Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup
Chapter 25 Restoring Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Restoring Files and File System Backups (Task Map)
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Determining the File System Name
Determining the Type of Tape Device You Need
Determining the Tape Device Name
Restoring Files and File Systems
How to Determine Which Tapes to Use
How to Restore Files Interactively
How to Restore Specific Files Noninteractively
How to Restore a Complete File System
How to Restore the root (/) and /usr File Systems
Chapter 26 UFS Backup and Restore Commands (Reference)
How the ufsdump Command Works
Determining Device Characteristics
Detecting the End of Media
Copying Data With the ufsdump Command
Purpose of the /etc/dumpdates File
Backup Device (dump-file) Argument
Local Tape or Diskette Drive
Remote Tape or Diskette Drive
Using Standard Output With the ufsdump Command
Specifying Files to Back Up
Specifying Tape Characteristics
Limitations of the ufsdump Command
Options and Arguments for the ufsdump Command
Default ufsdump Options
Options for the ufsdump Command
The ufsdump Command and Security Issues
Options and Arguments for the ufsrestore Command
Chapter 27 Copying UFS Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems Between Disks
Making a Literal File System Copy
How to Copy a Disk (dd)
Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio Command)
How to Copy Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape (tar Command)
How to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
How to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
Copying Files to a Tape With the pax Command
How to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Copying Files to Tape With the cpio Command
How to Copy All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
How to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve Specific Files From a Tape (cpio)
Copying Files to a Remote Tape Device
How to Copy Files to a Remote Tape Device (tar and dd)
How to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Device
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
What You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
How to Copy Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
How to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
How to Archive Files to Multiple Diskettes
Chapter 28 Managing Tape Drives (Tasks)
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Specifying the Rewind Option for a Tape Drive
Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
Displaying Tape Drive Status
How to Display Tape Drive Status
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
How to Retension a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
How to Rewind a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling
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