xterm
(1)
Name
xterm - terminal emulator for X
Synopsis
/usr/bin/xterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...] [shell]
Description
User Commands XTERM(1)
NAME
xterm - terminal emulator for X
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/xterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...] [shell]
DESCRIPTION
The xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window
System. It provides DEC VT102/VT220 (VTxxx) and Tektronix
4014 compatible terminals for programs that cannot use the
window system directly. If the underlying operating system
supports terminal resizing capabilities (for example, the
SIGWINCH signal in systems derived from 4.3bsd), xterm will
use the facilities to notify programs running in the window
whenever it is resized.
The VTxxx and Tektronix 4014 terminals each have their own
window so that you can edit text in one and look at graphics
in the other at the same time. To maintain the correct
aspect ratio (height/width), Tektronix graphics will be
restricted to the largest box with a 4014's aspect ratio
that will fit in the window. This box is located in the
upper left area of the window.
Although both windows may be displayed at the same time, one
of them is considered the "active" window for receiving key-
board input and terminal output. This is the window that
contains the text cursor. The active window can be chosen
through escape sequences, the "VT Options" menu in the VTxxx
window, and the "Tek Options" menu in the 4014 window.
EMULATIONS
The VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not support
autorepeat. Double-size characters are displayed properly
if your font server supports scalable fonts. The VT220 emu-
lation does not support soft fonts, it is otherwise com-
plete. Termcap(5) entries that work with xterm include an
optional platform-specific entry, "xterm," "vt102," "vt100,"
"ansi" and "dumb." xterm automatically searches the termcap
file in this order for these entries and then sets the
"TERM" and the "TERMCAP" environment variables. You may
also use "vt220," but must set the terminal emulation level
with the decTerminalID resource. (The "TERMCAP" environment
variable is not set if xterm is linked against a terminfo
library, since the requisite information is not provided by
the termcap emulation of terminfo libraries).
Many of the special xterm features may be modified under
program control through a set of escape sequences different
from the standard VT102 escape sequences. (See the Xterm
Control Sequences document.)
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The Tektronix 4014 emulation is also fairly good. It sup-
ports 12-bit graphics addressing, scaled to the window size.
Four different font sizes and five different lines types are
supported. There is no write-through or defocused mode sup-
port. The Tektronix text and graphics commands are recorded
internally by xterm and may be written to a file by sending
the COPY escape sequence (or through the Tektronix menu; see
below). The name of the file will be "COPY-
yyyy-MM-dd.hh:mm:ss", where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm and ss are
the year, month, day, hour, minute and second when the COPY
was performed (the file is created in the directory xterm is
started in, or the home directory for a login xterm).
Not all of the features described in this manual are neces-
sarily available in this version of xterm. Some (e.g., the
non-VT220 extensions) are available only if they were com-
piled in, though the most commonly-used are in the default
configuration.
OTHER FEATURES
Xterm automatically highlights the text cursor when the
pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights it
when the pointer leaves the window (unselected). If the
window is the focus window, then the text cursor is high-
lighted no matter where the pointer is.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to activate and
deactivate an alternate screen buffer, which is the same
size as the display area of the window. When activated, the
current screen is saved and replaced with the alternate
screen. Saving of lines scrolled off the top of the window
is disabled until the normal screen is restored. The term-
cap(5) entry for xterm allows the visual editor vi(1) to
switch to the alternate screen for editing and to restore
the screen on exit. A popup menu entry makes it simple to
switch between the normal and alternate screens for cut and
paste.
In either VT102 or Tektronix mode, there are escape
sequences to change the name of the windows. Additionally,
in VT102 mode, xterm implements the window-manipulation con-
trol sequences from dtterm, such as resizing the window,
setting its location on the screen.
Xterm allows character-based applications to receive mouse
events (currently button-press and release events, and but-
ton-motion events) as keyboard control sequences. See Xterm
Control Sequences for details.
OPTIONS
The xterm terminal emulator accepts the standard X Toolkit
command line options as well as many application-specific
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options. If the option begins with a `+' instead of a `-',
the option is restored to its default value. The -version
and -help options are interpreted even if xterm cannot open
the display, and are useful for testing and configuration
scripts. Along with -class, they are checked before other
options.
-version
This causes xterm to print a version number to the
standard output, and then exit.
-help This causes xterm to print out a verbose message
describing its options, one per line. The message
is written to the standard output. After printing
the message, xterm exits. Xterm generates this mes-
sage, sorting it and noting whether a "-option" or a
"+option" turns the feature on or off, since some
features historically have been one or the other.
Xterm generates a concise help message (multiple
options per line) when an unknown option is used,
e.g.,
xterm -z
If the logic for a particular option such as logging
is not compiled into xterm, the help text for that
option also is not displayed by the -help option.
One parameter (after all options) may be given. That over-
rides xterm's built-in choice of shell program. Normally
xterm checks the SHELL variable. If that is not set, xterm
tries to use the shell program specified in the password
file. If that is not set, xterm uses /bin/sh. If the
parameter names an executable file, xterm uses that instead.
The parameter must be an absolute path, or name a file found
on the user's PATH (and thereby construct an absolute path).
The -e option cannot be used with this parameter since it
uses all parameters following the option.
The other options are used to control the appearance and
behavior. Not all options are necessarily configured into
your copy of xterm:
-132 Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence that
switches between 80 and 132 column mode is ignored.
This option causes the DECCOLM escape sequence to be
recognized, and the xterm window will resize appro-
priately.
-ah This option indicates that xterm should always high-
light the text cursor. By default, xterm will dis-
play a hollow text cursor whenever the focus is lost
or the pointer leaves the window.
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+ah This option indicates that xterm should do text cur-
sor highlighting based on focus.
-ai This option disables active icon support if that
feature was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent
to setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to "false".
+ai This option enables active icon support if that fea-
ture was compiled into xterm. This is equivalent to
setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to "true".
-aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should be
allowed. This allows the cursor to automatically
wrap to the beginning of the next line when it is at
the rightmost position of a line and text is output.
+aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should
not be allowed.
-b number
This option specifies the size of the inner border
(the distance between the outer edge of the charac-
ters and the window border) in pixels. That is the
vt100 internalBorder resource. The default is "2".
+bc turn off text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bc turn on text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bcf milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is off when
blinking via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bcn milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is on when blink-
ing via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to "false", dis-
abling the display of characters with bold attribute
as color
+bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to "true",
enabling the display of characters with bold
attribute as color rather than bold
-cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to
"false".
+cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to
"true".
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-cc characterclassrange:value[,...]
This sets classes indicated by the given ranges for
using in selecting by words. See the section speci-
fying character classes. and discussion of the
charClass resource.
-cjk_width
Set the cjkWidth resource to "true". When turned
on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) cate-
gory in UTR 11 have a column width of 2. Otherwise,
they have a column width of 1. This may be useful
for some legacy CJK text terminal-based programs
assuming box drawings and others to have a column
width of 2. It also should be turned on when you
specify a TrueType CJK double-width (bi-
width/monospace) font either with -fa at the command
line or faceName resource. The default is "false"
+cjk_width
Reset the cjkWidth resource.
-class string
This option allows you to override xterm's resource
class. Normally it is "XTerm", but can be set to
another class such as "UXTerm" to override selected
resources.
-cm This option disables recognition of ANSI color-
change escape sequences. It sets the colorMode
resource to "false".
+cm This option enables recognition of ANSI color-change
escape sequences. This is the same as the vt100
resource colorMode.
-cn This option indicates that newlines should not be
cut in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline
resource to "false".
+cn This option indicates that newlines should be cut in
line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline
resource to "true".
-cr color
This option specifies the color to use for text cur-
sor. The default is to use the same foreground
color that is used for text. It sets the cursor-
Color resource according to the parameter.
-cu This option indicates that xterm should work around
a bug in the more(1) program that causes it to
incorrectly display lines that are exactly the width
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of the window and are followed by a line beginning
with a tab (the leading tabs are not displayed).
This option is so named because it was originally
thought to be a bug in the curses(3x) cursor motion
package.
+cu This option indicates that xterm should not work
around the more(1) bug mentioned above.
-dc This option disables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors: the vt100 foreground and background
colors, its text cursor color, the pointer cursor
foreground and background colors, the Tektronix emu-
lator foreground and background colors, its text
cursor color and highlight color. The option sets
the dynamicColors option to "false".
+dc This option enables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors. The option sets the dynamicColors
option to "true".
-e program [ arguments ... ]
This option specifies the program (and its command
line arguments) to be run in the xterm window. It
also sets the window title and icon name to be the
basename of the program being executed if neither -T
nor -n are given on the command line. This must be
the last option on the command line.
-en encoding
This option determines the encoding on which xterm
runs. It sets the locale resource. Encodings other
than UTF-8 are supported by using luit. The -lc
option should be used instead of -en for systems
with locale support.
-fb font
This option specifies a font to be used when dis-
playing bold text. It sets the boldFont resource.
This font must be the same height and width as the
normal font, otherwise it is ignored. If only one
of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will be
used as the normal font and the bold font will be
produced by overstriking this font.
See also the discussion of boldMode and alwaysBold-
Mode resources.
-fa pattern
This option sets the pattern for fonts selected from
the FreeType library if support for that library was
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compiled into xterm. This corresponds to the face-
Name resource. When a CJK double-width font is
specified, you also need to turn on the cjkWidth
resource.
See also the renderFont resource, which combines
with this to determine whether FreeType fonts are
initially active.
-fbb This option indicates that xterm should compare nor-
mal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they are
compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to
"false".
+fbb This option indicates that xterm should not compare
normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure they
are compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox resource to
"true".
-fbx This option indicates that xterm should not assume
that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-draw-
ing characters. If any are missing, xterm will draw
the characters directly. It sets the forceBoxChars
resource to "false".
+fbx This option indicates that xterm should assume that
the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing
characters. It sets the forceBoxChars resource to
"true".
-fd pattern
This option sets the pattern for double-width fonts
selected from the FreeType library if support for
that library was compiled into xterm. This corre-
sponds to the faceNameDoublesize resource.
-fi font
This option sets the font for active icons if that
feature was compiled into xterm.
See also the discussion of the iconFont resource.
-fs size
This option sets the pointsize for fonts selected
from the FreeType library if support for that
library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds
to the faceSize resource.
-fullscreen
This option indicates that xterm should ask the win-
dow manager to let it use the full-screen for dis-
play, e.g., without window decorations. It sets the
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fullscreen resource to "true".
+fullscreen
This option indicates that xterm should not ask the
window manager to let it use the full-screen for
display. It sets the fullscreen resource to
"false".
-fw font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing wide text. By default, it will attempt to
use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw normal text. If no double-width font
is found, it will improvise, by stretching the nor-
mal font. This corresponds to the wideFont
resource.
-fwb font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing bold wide text. By default, it will attempt
to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw bold text. If no double-width font is
found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold
font. This corresponds to the wideBoldFont
resource.
-fx font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot"
input method.
See also the discussion of the ximFont resource.
-hc color
(see -selbg).
-hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys. It
sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to "true".
+hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape
codes should not be generated for function keys. It
sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to "false".
-hm Tells xterm to use highlightTextColor and highlight-
Color to override the reversed foreground/background
colors in a selection. It sets the highlightColor-
Mode resource to "true".
+hm Tells xterm not to use highlightTextColor and high-
lightColor to override the reversed foreground/back-
ground colors in a selection. It sets the
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highlightColorMode resource to "false".
-hold Turn on the hold resource, i.e., xterm will not
immediately destroy its window when the shell com-
mand completes. It will wait until you use the win-
dow manager to destroy/kill the window, or if you
use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP
or KILL.
+hold Turn off the hold resource, i.e., xterm will immedi-
ately destroy its window when the shell command com-
pletes.
-ie Turn on the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., use the
pseudo-terminal's sense of the stty erase value.
+ie Turn off the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., set the
stty erase value using the kb string from the term-
cap entry as a reference, if available.
-im Turn on the useInsertMode resource, which forces use
of insert mode by adding appropriate entries to the
TERMCAP environment variable.
+im Turn off the useInsertMode resource.
-into windowId
Given an X window identifier (a decimal integer),
xterm will reparent its top-level shell widget to
that window. This is used to embed xterm within
other applications.
-j This option indicates that xterm should do jump
scrolling. It corresponds to the jumpScroll
resource. Normally, text is scrolled one line at a
time; this option allows xterm to move multiple
lines at a time so that it does not fall as far
behind. Its use is strongly recommended since it
makes xterm much faster when scanning through large
amounts of text. The VT100 escape sequences for
enabling and disabling smooth scroll as well as the
"VT Options" menu can be used to turn this feature
on or off.
+j This option indicates that xterm should not do jump
scrolling.
-k8 This option sets the allowC1Printable resource.
When allowC1Printable is set, xterm overrides the
mapping of C1 control characters (code 128-159) to
treat them as printable.
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+k8 This option resets the allowC1Printable resource.
-kt keyboardtype
This option sets the keyboardType resource. Possi-
ble values include: "unknown", "default", "hp",
"sco", "sun", "tcap" and "vt220".
The value "unknown", causes the corresponding
resource to be ignored.
The value "default", suppresses the associated
resources hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunc-
tionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys and sunKeyboard, using
the Sun/PC keyboard layout.
-l Turn logging on. Normally logging is not supported,
due to security concerns. Some versions of xterm
may have logging enabled. The logfile is written to
the directory from which xterm is invoked. The
filename is generated, of the form
XtermLog.XXXXXX
or
Xterm.log.hostname.yyyy.mm.dd.hh.mm.ss.XXXXXX
depending on how xterm was built.
+l Turn logging off.
-lc Turn on support of various encodings according to
the users' locale setting, i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,
or LANG environment variables. This is achieved by
turning on UTF-8 mode and by invoking luit for con-
version between locale encodings and UTF-8. (luit
is not invoked in UTF-8 locales.) This corresponds
to the locale resource.
The actual list of encodings which are supported is
determined by luit. Consult the luit manual page
for further details.
See also the discussion of the -u8 option which sup-
ports UTF-8 locales.
+lc Turn off support of automatic selection of locale
encodings. Conventional 8bit mode or, in UTF-8
locales or with -u8 option, UTF-8 mode will be used.
-lcc path
File name for the encoding converter from/to locale
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encodings and UTF-8 which is used with -lc option or
locale resource. This corresponds to the locale-
Filter resource.
-leftbar
Force scrollbar to the left side of VT100 screen.
This is the default, unless you have set the
rightScrollBar resource.
-lf filename
Specify the log-filename. See the -l option.
-ls This option indicates that the shell that is started
in the xterm window will be a login shell (i.e., the
first character of argv[0] will be a dash, indicat-
ing to the shell that it should read the user's
.login or .profile).
The -ls flag and the loginShell resource are ignored
if -e is also given, because xterm does not know how
to make the shell start the given command after
whatever it does when it is a login shell - the
user's shell of choice need not be a Bourne shell
after all. Also, xterm -e is supposed to provide a
consistent functionality for other applications that
need to start text-mode programs in a window, and if
loginShell were not ignored, the result of ~/.pro-
file might interfere with that.
If you do want the effect of -ls and -e simultane-
ously, you may get away with something like
xterm -e /bin/bash -l -c "my command here"
Finally, -ls is not completely ignored, because
xterm -ls -e does write a /etc/wtmpx entry (if con-
figured to do so), whereas xterm -e does not.
-maximized
This option indicates that xterm should ask the win-
dow manager to maximize its layout on startup. This
corresponds to the maximized resource.
Maximizing is not the reverse of iconifying; it is
possible to do both with certain window managers.
+maximized
This option indicates that xterm should ask the win-
dow manager to maximize its layout on startup.
+ls This option indicates that the shell that is started
should not be a login shell (i.e., it will be a nor-
mal "subshell").
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-mb This option indicates that xterm should ring a mar-
gin bell when the user types near the right end of a
line.
+mb This option indicates that margin bell should not be
rung.
-mc milliseconds
This option specifies the maximum time between
multi-click selections.
-mesg Turn off the messages resource, i.e., disallow write
access to the terminal.
+mesg Turn on the messages resource, i.e., allow write
access to the terminal.
-mk_width
Set the mkWidth resource to "true". This makes
xterm use a built-in version of the wide-character
width calculation. The default is "false"
+mk_width
Reset the mkWidth resource.
-ms color
This option specifies the color to be used for the
pointer cursor. The default is to use the fore-
ground color. This sets the pointerColor resource.
-nb number
This option specifies the number of characters from
the right end of a line at which the margin bell, if
enabled, will ring. The default is "10".
-nul This option disables the display of underlining.
+nul This option enables the display of underlining.
-pc This option enables the PC-style use of bold colors
(see boldColors resource).
+pc This option disables the PC-style use of bold col-
ors.
-pob This option indicates that the window should be
raised whenever a Control-G is received.
+pob This option indicates that the window should not be
raised whenever a Control-G is received.
-rightbar
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Force scrollbar to the right side of VT100 screen.
-rvc This option disables the display of characters with
reverse attribute as color.
+rvc This option enables the display of characters with
reverse attribute as color.
-rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should
be allowed. This allows the cursor to back up from
the leftmost column of one line to the rightmost
column of the previous line. This is very useful
for editing long shell command lines and is encour-
aged. This option can be turned on and off from the
"VT Options" menu.
+rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound should
not be allowed.
-s This option indicates that xterm may scroll asyn-
chronously, meaning that the screen does not have to
be kept completely up to date while scrolling. This
allows xterm to run faster when network latencies
are very high and is typically useful when running
across a very large internet or many gateways.
+s This option indicates that xterm should scroll syn-
chronously.
-samename
Does not send title and icon name change requests
when the request would have no effect: the name is
not changed. This has the advantage of preventing
flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra
round trip to the server to find out the previous
value. In practice this should never be a problem.
+samename
Always send title and icon name change requests.
-sb This option indicates that some number of lines that
are scrolled off the top of the window should be
saved and that a scrollbar should be displayed so
that those lines can be viewed. This option may be
turned on and off from the "VT Options" menu.
+sb This option indicates that a scrollbar should not be
displayed.
-selbg color
This option specifies the color to use for the back-
ground of selected text. If not specified, reverse
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video is used. See the discussion of the highlight-
Color resource.
-selfg color
This option specifies the color to use for selected
text. If not specified, reverse video is used. See
the discussion of the highlightTextColor resource.
-sf This option indicates that Sun Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys.
+sf This option indicates that the standard escape codes
should be generated for function keys.
-si This option indicates that output to a window should
not automatically reposition the screen to the bot-
tom of the scrolling region. This option can be
turned on and off from the "VT Options" menu.
+si This option indicates that output to a window should
cause it to scroll to the bottom.
-sk This option indicates that pressing a key while
using the scrollbar to review previous lines of text
should cause the window to be repositioned automati-
cally in the normal position at the bottom of the
scroll region.
+sk This option indicates that pressing a key while
using the scrollbar should not cause the window to
be repositioned.
-sl number
This option specifies the number of lines to save
that have been scrolled off the top of the screen.
This corresponds to the saveLines resource. The
default is "64".
-sm This option, corresponding to the sessionMgt
resource, indicates that xterm should set up session
manager callbacks.
+sm This option indicates that xterm should not set up
session manager callbacks.
-sp This option indicates that Sun/PC keyboard should be
assumed, providing mapping for keypad "+' to ",',
and CTRL-F1 to F13, CTRL-F2 to F14, etc.
+sp This option indicates that the standard escape codes
should be generated for keypad and function keys.
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-t This option indicates that xterm should start in
Tektronix mode, rather than in VT102 mode. Switch-
ing between the two windows is done using the
"Options" menus. Termcap(5) entries that work with
xterm "tek4014," "tek4015," "tek4012," "tek4013,"
"tek4010," and "dumb." xterm automatically searches
the termcap file in this order for these entries and
then sets the "TERM" and the "TERMCAP" environment
variables.
+t This option indicates that xterm should start in
VT102 mode.
-tb This option, corresponding to the toolBar resource,
indicates that xterm should display a toolbar (or
menubar) at the top of its window. The buttons in
the toolbar correspond to the popup menus, e.g.,
control/left/mouse for "Main Options".
+tb This option indicates that xterm should not set up a
toolbar.
-ti term_id
Specify the name used by xterm to select the correct
response to terminal ID queries. It also specifies
the emulation level, used to determine the type of
response to a DA control sequence. Valid values
include vt52, vt100, vt101, vt102, and vt220 (the
"vt" is optional). The default is "vt100". The
term_id argument specifies the terminal ID to use.
(This is the same as the decTerminalID resource).
-tm string
This option specifies a series of terminal setting
keywords followed by the characters that should be
bound to those functions, similar to the stty pro-
gram. The keywords and their values are described
in detail in the ttyModes resource.
-tn name
This option specifies the name of the terminal type
to be set in the TERM environment variable. It cor-
responds to the termName resource. This terminal
type must exist in the terminal database (termcap or
terminfo, depending on how xterm is built) and
should have li# and co# entries. If the terminal
type is not found, xterm uses the built-in list
"xterm", "vt102", etc.
-u8 This option sets the utf8 resource. When utf8 is
set, xterm interprets incoming data as UTF-8. This
sets the wideChars resource as a side-effect, but
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the UTF-8 mode set by this option prevents it from
being turned off. If you must turn it on and off,
use the wideChars resource.
This option and the utf8 resource are overridden by
the -lc and -en options and locale resource. That
is, if xterm has been compiled to support luit, and
the locale resource is not "false" this option is
ignored. We recommend using the -lc option or the
"locale: true" resource in UTF-8 locales when your
operating system supports locale, or -en UTF-8
option or the "locale: UTF-8" resource when your
operating system does not support locale.
+u8 This option resets the utf8 resource.
-uc This option makes the cursor underlined instead of a
box.
+uc This option makes the cursor a box instead of under-
lined.
-ulc This option disables the display of characters with
underline attribute as color rather than with under-
lining.
+ulc This option enables the display of characters with
underline attribute as color rather than with under-
lining.
-ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode
resource, disables the display of characters with
underline attribute as italics rather than with
underlining.
+ulit This option, corresponding to the italicULMode
resource, enables the display of characters with
underline attribute as italics rather than with
underlining.
-ut This option indicates that xterm should not write a
record into the the system utmpx log file.
+ut This option indicates that xterm should write a
record into the system utmpx log file.
-vb This option indicates that a visual bell is pre-
ferred over an audible one. Instead of ringing the
terminal bell whenever a Control-G is received, the
window will be flashed.
+vb This option indicates that a visual bell should not
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be used.
-wc This option sets the wideChars resource. When
wideChars is set, xterm maintains internal struc-
tures for 16-bit characters. If you do not set this
resource to "true", xterm will ignore the escape
sequence which turns UTF-8 mode on and off. The
default is "false".
+wc This option resets the wideChars resource.
-wf This option indicates that xterm should wait for the
window to be mapped the first time before starting
the subprocess so that the initial terminal size
settings and environment variables are correct. It
is the application's responsibility to catch subse-
quent terminal size changes.
+wf This option indicates that xterm should not wait
before starting the subprocess.
-ziconbeep percent
Same as zIconBeep resource. If percent is non-zero,
xterms that produce output while iconified will
cause an XBell sound at the given volume and have
"***" prepended to their icon titles. Most window
managers will detect this change immediately, show-
ing you which window has the output. (A similar
feature was in x10 xterm.)
-C This option indicates that this window should
receive console output. This is not supported on
all systems. To obtain console output, you must be
the owner of the console device, and you must have
read and write permission for it. If you are run-
ning X under xdm on the console screen you may need
to have the session startup and reset programs
explicitly change the ownership of the console
device in order to get this option to work.
-Sccn This option allows xterm to be used as an input and
output channel for an existing program and is some-
times used in specialized applications. The option
value specifies the last few letters of the name of
a pseudo-terminal to use in slave mode, plus the
number of the inherited file descriptor. If the
option contains a "/" character, that delimits the
characters used for the pseudo-terminal name from
the file descriptor. Otherwise, exactly two charac-
ters are used from the option for the pseudo-termi-
nal name, the remainder is the file descriptor.
Examples (the first two are equivalent since the
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descriptor follows the last "/"):
-S/dev/pts/123/45
-S123/45
-Sab34
Note that xterm does not close any file descriptor
which it did not open for its own use. It is possi-
ble (though probably not portable) to have an appli-
cation which passes an open file descriptor down to
xterm past the initialization or the -S option to a
process running in the xterm.
The following command line arguments are provided for com-
patibility with older versions. They may not be supported
in the next release as the X Toolkit provides standard
options that accomplish the same task.
%geom This option specifies the preferred size and posi-
tion of the Tektronix window. It is shorthand for
specifying the "*tekGeometry" resource.
#geom This option specifies the preferred position of the
icon window. It is shorthand for specifying the
"*iconGeometry" resource.
-T string
This option specifies the title for xterm's windows.
It is equivalent to -title.
-n string
This option specifies the icon name for xterm's win-
dows. It is shorthand for specifying the "*icon-
Name" resource. Note that this is not the same as
the toolkit option -name (see below). The default
icon name is the application name.
-r This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and background
colors. It is equivalent to -rv.
-w number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the
border surrounding the window. It is equivalent to
-borderwidth or -bw.
The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments are
commonly used with xterm:
-bd color
This option specifies the color to use for the bor-
der of the window. The corresponding resource name
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is borderColor. xterm uses the X Toolkit default,
which is "XtDefaultForeground".
-bg color
This option specifies the color to use for the back-
ground of the window. The corresponding resource
name is background. The default is "XtDefaultBack-
ground."
-bw number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the
border surrounding the window.
This appears to be a legacy of older X releases. It
sets the borderWidth resource of the shell widget,
and may provide advice to your window manager to set
the thickness of the window frame. Most window man-
agers do not use this information. See the -b
option, which controls the inner border of the xterm
window.
-display display
This option specifies the X server to contact; see
X(1).
-fg color
This option specifies the color to use for display-
ing text. The corresponding resource name is fore-
ground. The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
-fn font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing normal text. The corresponding resource
name is font. The resource value default is fixed.
-font font
This is the same as -fn.
-geometry geometry
This option specifies the preferred size and posi-
tion of the VT102 window; see X(1).
-iconic This option indicates that xterm should ask the win-
dow manager to start it as an icon rather than as
the normal window. The corresponding resource name
is iconic.
-name name
This option specifies the application name under
which resources are to be obtained, rather than the
default executable file name. Name should not con-
tain "." or "*" characters.
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-rv This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and background
colors. The corresponding resource name is reverse-
Video.
+rv Disable the simulation of reverse video by swapping
foreground and background colors.
-title string
This option specifies the window title string, which
may be displayed by window managers if the user so
chooses. The default title is the command line
specified after the -e option, if any, otherwise the
application name.
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to be used.
This is especially useful for setting resources that
do not have separate command line options.
RESOURCES
The program understands all of the core X Toolkit resource
names and classes. Application specific resources (e.g.,
"XTerm.NAME") follow:
backarrowKeyIsErase (class BackarrowKeyIsErase)
Tie the VTxxx backarrowKey and ptyInitialErase
resources together by setting the DECBKM state
according to whether the initial value of stty erase
is a backspace (8) or delete (127) character. The
default is "false", which disables this feature.
fullscreen (class Fullscreen)
Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window
manager to use a fullscreen layout on startup.
Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or
the number shown in parentheses:
false (0)
Fullscreen layout is not used initially, but may
be later via menu-selection or control sequence.
true (1)
Fullscreen layout is used initially, but may be
disabled later via menu-selection or control
sequence.
always (2)
Fullscreen layout is used initially, and cannot
be disabled later via menu-selection or control
sequence.
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never (3)
Fullscreen layout is not used, and cannot be
enabled later via menu-selection or control
sequence.
The default is "false."
hold (class Hold)
If true, xterm will not immediately destroy its win-
dow when the shell command completes. It will wait
until you use the window manager to destroy/kill the
window, or if you use the menu entries that send a
signal, e.g., HUP or KILL. You may scroll back,
select text, etc., to perform most graphical opera-
tions. Resizing the display will lose data, how-
ever, since this involves interaction with the shell
which is no longer running.
hpFunctionKeys (class HpFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not HP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys instead
of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
application when iconified. It is not necessarily
obeyed by all window managers.
iconName (class IconName)
Specifies the icon name. The default is the appli-
cation name, e.g., "xterm".
keyboardType (class KeyboardType)
Enables one (or none) of the various keyboard-type
resources: hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sunFunc-
tionKeys, tcapFunctionKeys and sunKeyboard. The
resource's value should be one of the corresponding
strings "hp", "sco", "sun", "tcap" or "vt220". The
individual resources are provided for legacy sup-
port; this resource is simpler to use.
The default is "unknown.", i.e., none of the associ-
ated resources are set via this resource.
maxBufSize (class MaxBufSize)
Specify the maximum size of the input buffer. The
default is "32768". You cannot set this to a value
less than the minBufSize resource. It will be
increased as needed to make that value evenly divide
this one.
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On some systems you may want to increase one or both
of the maxBufSize and minBufSize resource values to
achieve better performance if the operating system
prefers larger buffer sizes.
maximized (class Maximized)
Specifies whether or not xterm should ask the window
manager to maximize its layout on startup. The
default is "false."
messages (class Messages)
Specifies whether write access to the terminal is
allowed initially. See mesg(1). The default is
"true".
menuLocale (class MenuLocale)
Specify the locale used for character-set computa-
tions when loading the popup menus. Use this to
improve initialization performance of the Athena
popup menus, which may load unnecessary (and very
large) fonts, e.g., in a locale having UTF-8 encod-
ing. The default is "C" (POSIX).
To use the current locale (only useful if you have
localized the resource settings for the menu
entries), set the resource to an empty string.
minBufSize (class MinBufSize)
Specify the minimum size of the input buffer, i.e.,
the amount of data that xterm requests on each read.
The default is "4096". You cannot set this to a
value less than 64.
omitTranslation (class OmitTranslation)
Selectively omit one or more parts of xterm's
default translations at startup. The resource value
is a comma-separated list of keywords, which may be
abbreviated: "fullscreen", "scroll-lock", "shift-
fonts" or "wheel-mouse". Xterm also recognizes
"default", but omitting that will make the program
unusable unless you provide a similar definition in
your resource settings.
ptyHandshake (class PtyHandshake)
If "true", xterm will perform handshaking during
initialization to ensure that the parent and child
processes update the utmpx and stty state.
See also waitForMap which waits for the pseudo-ter-
minal's notion of the screen size, and ptySttySize
which resets the screen size after other terminal
initialization is complete. The default is "true".
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ptyInitialErase (class PtyInitialErase)
If "true", xterm will use the pseudo-terminal's
sense of the stty erase value. If "false", xterm
will set the stty erase value to match its own con-
figuration, using the kb string from the termcap
entry as a reference, if available. In either case,
the result is applied to the TERMCAP variable which
xterm sets.
See also the ttyModes resource, which may modify
this. The default is "false".
ptySttySize (class PtySttySize)
If "true", xterm will reset the screen size after
terminal initialization is complete. This is needed
for some systems whose pseudo-terminals cannot prop-
agate terminal characteristics. Where it is not
needed, it can interfere with other methods for set-
ting the intial screen size, e.g., via window man-
ager interaction.
See also waitForMap which waits for a handshake-mes-
sage giving the pseudo-terminal's notion of the
screen size. The default is "false" on Linux and OS
X systems, "true" otherwise.
sameName (class SameName)
If the value of this resource is "true", xterm does
not send title and icon name change requests when
the request would have no effect: the name is not
changed. This has the advantage of preventing
flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra
round trip to the server to find out the previous
value. In practice this should never be a problem.
The default is "true".
scoFunctionKeys (class ScoFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not SCP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys instead
of standard escape sequences.
See also the keyboardType resource.
sessionMgt (class SessionMgt)
If the value of this resource is "true", xterm sets
up session manager callbacks for XtNdieCallback and
XtNsaveCallback. The default is "true".
sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not Sun Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys instead
of standard escape sequences.
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See also the keyboardType resource.
sunKeyboard (class SunKeyboard)
Specifies whether or not Sun/PC keyboard layout
should be assumed rather than DEC VT220. This
causes the keypad "+' to be mapped to ",'. and CTRL
F1-F12 to F11-F20, depending on the setting of the
ctrlFKeys resource. so xterm emulates a DEC VT220
more accurately. Otherwise (the default, with
sunKeyboard set to "false"), xterm uses PC-style
bindings for the function keys and keypad.
PC-style bindings use the Shift, Alt, Control and
Meta keys as modifiers for function-keys and keypad
(see the document Xterm Control Sequences for
details). The PC-style bindings are analogous to
PCTerm, but not the same thing. Normally these
bindings do not conflict with the use of the Meta
key as described for the eightBitInput resource. If
they do, note that the PC-style bindings are evalu-
ated first.
See also the keyboardType resource.
tcapFunctionKeys (class TcapFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not function key escape codes
read from the termcap/terminfo entry should be gen-
erated for function keys instead of standard escape
sequences. The default is "false.", i.e., this fea-
ture is disabled.
See also the keyboardType resource.
termName (class TermName)
Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the
TERM environment variable.
title (class Title)
Specifies a string that may be used by the window
manager when displaying this application.
toolBar (class ToolBar)
Specifies whether or not the toolbar should be dis-
played. The default is "true."
ttyModes (class TtyModes)
Specifies a string containing terminal setting key-
words and the characters to which they may be bound.
Allowable keywords include: brk, dsusp, eof, eol,
eol2, erase, erase2, flush, intr, kill, lnext, quit,
rprnt, start, status, stop, susp, swtch and weras.
Control characters may be specified as ^char (e.g.,
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^c or ^u) and ^? may be used to indicate delete
(127). Use ^- to denote undef. Use \034 to repre-
sent ^\, since a literal backslash in an X resource
escapes the next character.
This is very useful for overriding the default ter-
minal settings without having to do an stty every
time an xterm is started. Note, however, that the
stty program on a given host may use different key-
words; xterm's table is built-in.
If the ttyModes resource specifies a value for
erase, that overrides the ptyInitialErase resource
setting, i.e., xterm initializes the terminal to
match that value.
useInsertMode (class UseInsertMode)
Force use of insert mode by adding appropriate
entries to the TERMCAP environment variable. This
is useful if the system termcap is broken. The
default is "false."
utmpDisplayId (class UtmpDisplayId)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record
the display identifier (display number and screen
number) as well as the hostname in the system utmpx
log file. The default is "true."
utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to record
the user's terminal in the system utmpx log file.
If true, xterm will not try. The default is
"false."
waitForMap (class WaitForMap)
Specifies whether or not xterm should wait for the
initial window map before starting the subprocess.
This is part of the ptyHandshake logic. When xterm
is directed to wait in this fashion, it passes the
terminal size from the display end of the pseudo-
terminal to the terminal I/O connection, e.g.,
according to the window manager. Otherwise, it uses
the size as given in resource values or command-line
option -geom. The default is "false."
zIconBeep (class ZIconBeep)
Same as -ziconbeep command line argument. If the
value of this resource is non-zero, xterms that pro-
duce output while iconified will cause an XBell
sound at the given volume and have "***" prepended
to their icon titles. Most window managers will
detect this change immediately, showing you which
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window has the output. (A similar feature was in
x10 xterm.) The default is "false."
VT100 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the vt100
widget (class VT100). They are specified by patterns such
as "XTerm.vt100.NAME".
If your xterm is configured to support the "toolbar", then
those patterns need an extra level for the form-widget which
holds the toolbar and vt100 widget. A wildcard between the
top-level "XTerm" and the "vt100" widget makes the resource
settings work for either, e.g., "XTerm*vt100.NAME".
activeIcon (class ActiveIcon)
Specifies whether or not active icon windows are to
be used when the xterm window is iconified, if this
feature is compiled into xterm. The active icon is
a miniature representation of the content of the
window and will update as the content changes. Not
all window managers necessarily support application
icon windows. Some window managers will allow you
to enter keystrokes into the active icon window.
The default is "false."
allowBoldFonts (class AllowBoldFonts)
When set to "false.", xterm will not use bold fonts.
This overrides both the alwaysBoldMode and the bold-
Mode resources. alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBold-
Mode)
allowC1Printable (class AllowC1Printable)
If true, overrides the mapping of C1 controls (codes
128-159) to make them be treated as if they were
printable characters. Although this corresponds to
no particular standard, some users insist it is a
VT100. The default is "false."
allowColorOps (class AllowColorOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query
the dynamic colors should be allowed. ANSI colors
are unaffected by this resource setting. The
default is "true."
allowFontOps (class AllowFontOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query
the font should be allowed. The default is "true."
allowScrollLock (class AllowScrollLock)
Specifies whether control sequences that set/query
the Scroll Lock key should be allowed, as well as
whether the Scroll Lock key responds to user's
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keypress. The default is "false."
When this feature is enabled, xterm will sense the
state of the Scroll Lock key each time it acquires
focus. Pressing the Scroll Lock key toggles xterm's
internal state, as well as toggling the associated
LED. While the Scroll Lock is active, xterm
attempts to keep a viewport on the same set of
lines. If the current viewport is scrolled past the
limit set by the saveLines resource, then Scroll
Lock has no further effect.
The reason for setting the default to "false." is to
avoid user surprise. This key is generally unused
in keyboard configurations, and has not acquired a
standard meaning even when it is used in that man-
ner. Consequently, users have assigned it for ad
hoc purposes.
allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button
events (generated using the X protocol SendEvent
request) should be interpreted or discarded. The
default is "false" meaning they are discarded. Note
that allowing such events would create a very large
security hole, therefore enabling this resource
forcefully disables the allowXXXOps resources. The
default is "false."
allowTcapOps (class AllowTcapOps)
Specifies whether control sequences that query the
terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as
termcap or terminfo capabilities should be allowed.
The default is "false."
A few programs, e.g., vim, use this feature to get
an accurate description of the terminal's capabili-
ties, independent of the termcap/terminfo setting:
- xterm can tell the querying program how many col-
ors it supports. This is a constant, depending
on how it is compiled, typically 16. It does not
change if you alter resource settings, e.g., the
boldColors resource.
- xterm can tell the querying program what strings
are sent by modified (shift-, control-, alt-)
function- and keypad-keys. Reporting control-
and alt-modifiers is a feature that relies on the
ncurses extended naming.
allowTitleOps (class AllowTitleOps)
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Specifies whether control sequences that modify the
window title or icon name should be allowed. The
default is "true."
allowWindowOps (class AllowWindowOps)
Specifies whether extended window control sequences
(as used in dtterm) should be allowed. These
include several control sequences which manipulate
the window size or position, as well as reporting
these values and the title or icon name. Each of
these can be abused in a script; curiously enough
most terminal emulators that implement these
restrict only a small part of the repertoire. For
fine-tuning, see disallowedWindowOps. The default
is "false."
altIsNotMeta (class AltIsNotMeta)
If "true", treat the Alt-key as if it were the Meta-
key. Your keyboard may happen to be configured so
they are the same. But if they are not, this allows
you to use the same prefix- and shifting operations
with the Alt-key as with the Meta-key. See altSend-
sEscape and metaSendsEscape. The default is
"false."
altSendsEscape (class AltSendsEscape)
This is an additional keyboard operation that may be
processed after the logic for metaSendsEscape. It
is only available if the altIsNotMeta resource is
set.
If "true", Alt characters (a character combined with
the modifier associated with left/right Alt-keys)
are converted into a two-character sequence with the
character itself preceded by ESC. This applies as
well to function key control sequences, unless xterm
sees that Alt is used in your key translations. If
"false", Alt characters input from the keyboard
cause a shift to 8-bit characters (just like
metaSendsEscape). By combining the Alt- and Meta-
modifiers, you can create corresponding combinations
of ESC-prefix and 8-bit characters. The default is
"false."
alwaysBoldMode (class AlwaysBoldMode)
Specifies whether xterm should check if the normal
and bold fonts are distinct before deciding whether
to use overstriking to simulate bold fonts. If this
resource is true, xterm does not make the check for
distinct fonts when deciding how to handle the bold-
Mode resource. The default is "false."
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boldMode alwaysBoldMode Comparison Action
----------------------------------------------------
false false ignored use font
false true ignored use font
true false same overstrike
true false different use font
true true ignored overstrike
As an alternative, setting the allowBoldFonts
resource to false overrides both the alwaysBoldMode
and the boldMode resources.
alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight)
Specifies whether or not xterm should always display
a highlighted text cursor. By default (if this
resource is false), a hollow text cursor is dis-
played whenever the pointer moves out of the window
or the window loses the input focus. The default is
"false."
alwaysUseMods (class AlwaysUseMods)
Override the numLock resource, telling xterm to use
the Alt and Meta modifiers to construct parameters
for function key sequences even if those modifiers
appear in the translations resource. Normally xterm
checks if Alt or Meta is used in a translation that
would conflict with function key modifiers, and will
ignore these modifiers in that special case. The
default is "false."
answerbackString (class AnswerbackString)
Specifies the string that xterm sends in response to
an ENQ (control/E) character from the host. The
default is a blank string, i.e., "". A hardware
VT100 implements this feature as a setup option.
appcursorDefault (class AppcursorDefault)
If "true," the cursor keys are initially in applica-
tion mode. This is the same as the VT102 private
DECCKM mode, The default is "false."
appkeypadDefault (class AppkeypadDefault)
If "true," the keypad keys are initially in applica-
tion mode. The default is "false."
autoWrap (class AutoWrap)
Specifies whether or not auto-wraparound should be
enabled. This is the same as the VT102 DECAWM. The
default is "true."
awaitInput (class AwaitInput)
Specifies whether or not the xterm uses a 50
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millisecond timeout to await input (i.e., to support
the Xaw3d arrow scrollbar). The default is "false."
backarrowKey (class BackarrowKey)
Specifies whether the backarrow key transmits a
backspace (8) or delete (127) character. This cor-
responds to the DECBKM control sequence. The
default (backspace) is "true." Pressing the control
key toggles this behavior.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the
window. The default is "XtDefaultBackground."
bellIsUrgent (class BellIsUrgent)
Specifies whether to set the Urgency hint for the
window manager when making a bell sound. The
default is "false."
bellOnReset (class BellOnReset)
Specifies whether to sound a bell when doing a hard
reset. The default is "true."
bellSuppressTime (class BellSuppressTime)
Number of milliseconds after a bell command is sent
during which additional bells will be suppressed.
Default is 200. If set non-zero, additional bells
will also be suppressed until the server reports
that processing of the first bell has been com-
pleted; this feature is most useful with the visible
bell.
boldColors (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether to combine bold attribute with
colors like the IBM PC, i.e., map colors 0 through 7
to colors 8 through 15. These normally are the
brighter versions of the first 8 colors, hence bold.
The default is "true."
boldFont (class BoldFont)
Specifies the name of the bold font to use instead
of overstriking. There is no default for this
resource.
This font must be the same height and width as the
normal font, otherwise it is ignored. If only one
of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will be
used as the normal font and the bold font will be
produced by overstriking this font.
See also the discussion of boldMode and alwaysBold-
Mode resources.
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boldMode (class BoldMode)
This specifies whether or not text with the bold
attribute should be overstruck to simulate bold
fonts if the resolved bold font is the same as the
normal font. It may be desirable to disable bold
fonts when color is being used for the bold
attribute.
Note that xterm has one bold font which you may set
explicitly. Xterm attempts to derive a bold font
for the other font selections (font1 through font6).
If it cannot find a bold font, it will use the nor-
mal font. In each case (whether the explicit
resource or the derived font), if the normal and
bold fonts are distinct, this resource has no
effect. The default is "true."
See the alwaysBoldMode resource which can modify the
behavior of this resource.
Although xterm attempts to derive a bold font for
other font selections, the font server may not coop-
erate. Since X11R6, bitmap fonts have been scaled.
The font server claims to provide the bold font that
xterm requests, but the result is not always read-
able. XFree86 provides a feature which can be used
to suppress the scaling. In the X server's configu-
ration file (e.g., "/etc/X11/XFree86"), you can add
":unscaled" to the end of the directory specifica-
tion for the "misc" fonts, which comprise the fixed-
pitch fonts that are used by xterm. For example
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
would become
Font-
Path "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/:unscaled"
Depending on your configuration, the font server may
have its own configuration file. The same
":unscaled" can be added to its configuration file
at the end of the directory specification for
"misc".
The bitmap scaling feature is also used by xterm to
implement VT102 double-width and double-height char-
acters.
brokenLinuxOSC (class BrokenLinuxOSC)
If true, xterm applies a workaround to ignore mal-
formed control sequences that a Linux script might
send. Compare the palette control sequences docu-
mented in console_codes with ECMA-48. The default
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is "true."
brokenSelections (class BrokenSelections)
If true, xterm in 8-bit mode will interpret STRING
selections as carrying text in the current locale's
encoding. Normally STRING selections carry
ISO-8859-1 encoded text. Setting this resource to
"true" violates the ICCCM; it may, however, be use-
ful for interacting with some broken X clients. The
default is "false."
brokenStringTerm (class BrokenStringTerm)
provides a work-around for some ISDN routers which
start an application control string without complet-
ing it. Set this to "true" if xterm appears to
freeze when connecting. The default is "false."
Xterm's state parser recognizes several types of
control strings which can contain text, e.g.,
APC (Application Program Command),
DCS (Device Control String),
OSC (Operating System Command),
PM (Privacy Message), and
SOS (Start of String),
Each should end with a string-terminator (a special
character which cannot appear in these strings).
Ordinary control characters found within the string
are not ignored; they are processed without inter-
fering with the process of accumulating the control
string's content. Xterm recognizes these controls
in all modes, although some of the functions may be
suppressed after parsing the control.
When enabled, this feature allows the user to exit
from an unterminated control string when any of
these ordinary control characters are found:
control/D (used as an end of file in many shells),
control/H (backspace),
control/I (tab-feed),
control/J (line feed aka newline),
control/K (vertical tab),
control/L (form feed),
control/M (carriage return),
control/N (shift-out),
control/O (shift-in),
control/Q (XOFF),
control/X (cancel)
c132 (class C132)
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Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape
sequence, used to switch between 80 and 132 columns,
should be honored. The default is "false."
cacheDoublesize (class CacheDoublesize)
Tells whether to cache double-sized fonts by xterm.
Set this to zero to disable double-sized fonts alto-
gether.
charClass (class CharClass)
Specifies comma-separated lists of character class
bindings of the form [low-]high:value. These are
used in determining which sets of characters should
be treated the same when doing cut and paste. See
the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
cjkWidth (class CjkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should follow the tradi-
tional East Asian width convention. When turned on,
characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) category in
UTR 11 have a column width of 2. You may have to
set this option to "true" if you have some old East
Asian terminal based programs that assume that line-
drawing characters have a column width of 2. If
this resource is false, the mkWidth resource con-
trols the choice between the system's wcwidth and
xterm's built-in tables. The default is "false."
color0 (class Color0)
color1 (class Color1)
color2 (class Color2)
color3 (class Color3)
color4 (class Color4)
color5 (class Color5)
color6 (class Color6)
color7 (class Color7)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension.
The defaults are, respectively, black, red3, green3,
yellow3, a customizable dark blue, magenta3, cyan3,
and gray90. The default shades of color are chosen
to allow the colors 8-15 to be used as brighter ver-
sions.
color8 (class Color8)
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color9 (class Color9)
color10 (class Color10)
color11 (class Color11)
color12 (class Color12)
color13 (class Color13)
color14 (class Color14)
color15 (class Color15)
These specify the colors for the ISO-6429 extension
if the bold attribute is also enabled. The default
resource values are respectively, gray30, red,
green, yellow, a customizable light blue, magenta,
cyan, and white.
color16 (class Color16)
through
color255 (class Color255)
These specify the colors for the 256-color exten-
sion. The default resource values are for colors 16
through 231 to make a 6x6x6 color cube, and colors
232 through 255 to make a grayscale ramp.
Resources past color15 are available as a compile-
time option. Due to a hardcoded limit in the X
libraries on the total number of resources (to 400),
the resources for 256-colors are omitted when wide-
character support and luit are enabled. Besides
inconsistent behavior if only part of the resources
were allowed, determining the exact cutoff is diffi-
cult, and the X libraries tend to crash if the num-
ber of resources exceeds the limit. The color
palette is still initialized to the same default
values, and can be modified via control sequences.
On the other hand, the resource limit does permit
including the entire range for 88-colors.
colorAttrMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether colorBD, colorBL, colorRV, and
colorUL should override ANSI colors. If not, these
are displayed only when no ANSI colors have been set
for the corresponding position. The default is
"false."
colorBD (class ColorBD)
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This specifies the color to use to display bold
characters if the "colorBDMode" resource is enabled.
The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
colorBDMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the bold attribute
should be displayed in color or as bold characters.
Note that setting colorMode off disables all colors,
including bold. The default is "false."
colorBL (class ColorBL)
This specifies the color to use to display blink
characters if the "colorBLMode" resource is enabled.
The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
colorBLMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the blink
attribute should be displayed in color. Note that
setting colorMode off disables all colors, including
this. The default is "false."
colorMode (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether or not recognition of ANSI
(ISO-6429) color change escape sequences should be
enabled. The default is "true."
colorRV (class ColorRV)
This specifies the color to use to display reverse
characters if the "colorRVMode" resource is enabled.
The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
colorRVMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the reverse
attribute should be displayed in color. Note that
setting colorMode off disables all colors, including
this. The default is "false."
colorUL (class ColorUL)
This specifies the color to use to display under-
lined characters if the "colorULMode" resource is
enabled. The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
colorULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline
attribute should be displayed in color or as under-
lined characters. Note that setting colorMode off
disables all colors, including underlining. The
default is "false."
combiningChars (class CombiningChars)
Specifies the number of wide-characters which can be
stored in a cell to overstrike (combine) with the
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base character of the cell. This can be set to val-
ues in the range 0 to 4. The default is "2".
ctrlFKeys (class CtrlFKeys)
In VT220 keyboard mode (see sunKeyboard resource),
specifies the amount by which to shift F1-F12 given
a control modifier (CTRL). This allows you to gen-
erate key symbols for F10-F20 on a Sun/PC keyboard.
The default is "10", which means that CTRL F1 gener-
ates the key symbol for F11.
curses (class Curses)
Specifies whether or not the last column bug in
more(1) should be worked around. See the -cu option
for details. The default is "false."
cursorBlink (class CursorBlink)
Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. The
default is "false."
cursorColor (class CursorColor)
Specifies the color to use for the text cursor. The
default is "XtDefaultForeground." By default, xterm
attempts to keep this color from being the same as
the background color, since it draws the cursor by
filling the background of a text cell. The same
restriction applies to control sequences which may
change this color.
Setting this resource overrides most of xterm's
adjustments to cursor color. It will still use
reverse-video to disallow some cases, such as a
black cursor on a black background.
cursorOffTime (class CursorOffTime)
Specifies the duration of the "off" part of the cur-
sor blink cycle-time in milliseconds. The same
timer is used for text blinking. The default is
"300".
cursorOnTime (class CursorOnTime)
Specifies the duration of the "on" part of the cur-
sor blink cycle-time, in milliseconds. The same
timer is used for text blinking. The default is
"600".
cutNewline (class CutNewline)
If "false", triple clicking to select a line does
not include the Newline at the end of the line. If
"true", the Newline is selected. The default is
"true."
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cursorUnderLine (class CursorUnderLine)
Specifies whether to make the cursor underlined or a
box. The default is "false."
cutToBeginningOfLine (class CutToBeginningOfLine)
If "false", triple clicking to select a line selects
only from the current word forward. If "true", the
entire line is selected. The default is "true."
decTerminalID (class DecTerminalID)
Specifies the emulation level (100=VT100, 220=VT220,
etc.), used to determine the type of response to a
DA control sequence. Leading non-digit characters
are ignored, e.g., "vt100" and "100" are the same.
The default is "100".
defaultString (class DefaultString)
Specify the character (or string) which xterm will
substitute when pasted text includes a character
which cannot be represented in the current encoding.
For instance, pasting UTF-8 text into a display of
ISO-8859-1 characters will only be able to display
codes 0-255, while UTF-8 text can include Unicode
values above 255. The default is "#" (a single
pound sign).
If the undisplayable text would be double-width,
xterm will add a space after the "#" character, to
give roughly the same layout on the screen as the
original text.
deleteIsDEL (class DeleteIsDEL)
Specifies whether the Delete key on the editing key-
pad should send DEL (127) or the VT220-style Remove
escape sequence. The default is "false," for the
latter.
disallowedColorOps (class DisallowedColorOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowCol-
orOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of
names. The default value is
SetColor,GetColor,GetAnsiColor
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capital-
ization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clar-
ity.
SetColor
Set a specific dynamic color.
GetColor
Report the current setting of a given dynamic
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color.
GetAnsiColor
Report the current setting of a given ANSI
color (actually any of the colors set via ANSI-
style controls).
disallowedFontOps (class DisallowedFontOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allow-
FontOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of
names. The default value is
SetFont,GetFont
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capital-
ization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clar-
ity.
SetFont
Set the specified font.
GetFont
Report the specified font.
disallowedTcapOps (class DisallowedTcapOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowT-
capOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of
names. The default value is
SetTcap,GetTcap
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capital-
ization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clar-
ity.
SetTcap
(not implemented)
GetTcap
Report specified function- and other special
keys.
disallowedWindowOps (class DisallowedWindowOps)
Specify which features will be disabled if allowWin-
dowOps is false. This is a comma-separated list of
names, or (for the controls adapted from dtterm the
operation number). The default value is
20,21,SetXprop,SetSelection
The names are listed below. xterm ignores capital-
ization, but they are shown in mixed-case for clar-
ity. Where a number can be used as an alternative,
it is given in parentheses after the name.
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User Commands XTERM(1)
GetIconTitle (20)
Report xterm window's icon label as a string.
GetScreenSizeChars (19)
Report the size of the screen in characters as
numbers.
GetSelection
Report selection data as a base64 string.
GetWinPosition (13)
Report xterm window position as numbers.
GetWinSizeChars (18)
Report the size of the text area in characters
as numbers.
GetWinSizePixels (14)
Report xterm window in pixels as numbers.
GetWinState (11)
Report xterm window state as a number.
GetWinTitle (21)
Report xterm window's title as a string.
LowerWin (6)
Lower the xterm window to the bottom of the
stacking order.
MaximizeWin (9)
Maximize window (i.e., resize to screen size).
FullscreenWin (10)
Use full screen (i.e., resize to screen size,
without window decorations).
MinimizeWin (2)
Iconify window.
PopTitle (23)
Pop title from internal stack.
PushTitle (22)
Push title to internal stack.
RaiseWin (5)
Raise the xterm window to the front of the
stacking order.
RefreshWin (7)
Refresh the xterm window.
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User Commands XTERM(1)
RestoreWin (1)
De-iconify window.
SetSelection
Set selection data.
SetWinLines
Resize to a given number of lines, at least 24.
SetWinPosition (3)
Move window to given coordinates.
SetWinSizeChars (8)
Resize the text area to given size in charac-
ters.
SetWinSizePixels (4)
Resize the xterm window to given size in pix-
els.
SetXprop
Set X property on top-level window.
dynamicColors (class DynamicColors)
Specifies whether or not escape sequences to change
colors assigned to different attributes are recog-
nized.
eightBitControl (class EightBitControl)
Specifies whether or not control sequences sent by
the terminal should be eight-bit characters or
escape sequences. The default is "false."
eightBitInput (class EightBitInput)
If "true", Meta characters (a single-byte character
combined with the Meta modifier key) input from the
keyboard are presented as a single character with
the eighth bit turned on. The terminal is put into
8-bit mode. If "false", Meta characters are con-
verted into a two-character sequence with the char-
acter itself preceded by ESC. On startup, xterm
tries to put the terminal into 7-bit mode. The
metaSendsEscape and altSendsEscape resources may
override this. The default is "true."
Generally keyboards do not have a key labeled
"Meta", but "Alt" keys are common, and they are con-
ventionally used for "Meta". If they were synony-
mous, it would have been reasonable to name this
resource "altSendsEscape", reversing its sense. For
more background on this, see the meta function in
curses.
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Note that the Alt key is not necessarily the same as
the Meta modifier. xmodmap lists your key modi-
fiers. X defines modifiers for shift, (caps) lock
and control, as well as 5 additional modifiers which
are generally used to configure key modifiers.
xterm inspects the same information to find the mod-
ifier associated with either Meta key (left or
right), and uses that key as the Meta modifier. It
also looks for the NumLock key, to recognize the
modifier which is associated with that.
If your xmodmap configuration uses the same keycodes
for Alt- and Meta-keys, xterm will only see the Alt-
key definitions, since those are tested before Meta-
keys. NumLock is tested first. It is important to
keep these keys distinct; otherwise some of xterm's
functionality is not available.
eightBitOutput (class EightBitOutput)
Specifies whether or not eight-bit characters sent
from the host should be accepted as is or stripped
when printed. The default is "true," which means
that they are accepted as is.
eightBitSelectTypes (class EightBitSelectTypes)
Override xterm's default selection target list (see
SELECT/PASTE) for selections in normal (ISO-8859-1)
mode. The default is an empty string, i.e., "",
which does not override anything.
faceName (class FaceName)
Specify the pattern for scalable fonts selected from
the FreeType library if support for that library was
compiled into xterm. There is no default value.
If not specified, or if there is no match for both
normal and bold fonts, xterm uses the bitmap font
and related resources.
It is possible to select suitable bitmap fonts using
a script such as this:
#!/bin/sh
FONT=`xfontsel -print`
test -n "$FONT" && xfd -fn "$FONT"
However (even though xfd accepts a "-fa" option to
denote FreeType fonts), xfontsel has not been simi-
larly extended. As a workaround, you may try
fc-list :scalable=true:spacing=mono: family
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to find a list of scalable fixed-pitch fonts which
may be used for the faceName resource value.
faceNameDoublesize (class FaceNameDoublesize)
Specify a double-width scalable font for cases where
an application requires this, e.g., in CJK applica-
tions. There is no default value.
If the application uses double-wide characters and
this resource is not given, xterm will use a scaled
version of the font given by faceName.
faceSize (class FaceSize)
Specify the pointsize for fonts selected from the
FreeType library if support for that library was
compiled into xterm. The default is "14.0" On the
VT Fonts menu, this corresponds to the Default
entry.
Although the default is "14.0", this may not be the
same as the pointsize for the default bitmap font,
i.e., that assigned with the -fn option, or the font
resource. For example, the "fixed" font usually has
a pointsize of "8.0". If you set faceSize to match
the size of the bitmap font, then switching between
bitmap and TrueType fonts via the font menu will
give comparable sizes for the window.
You can specify the pointsize for TrueType fonts
selected with the other size-related menu entries
such as Medium, Huge, etc., by using one of the fol-
lowing resource values. If you do not specify a
value, they default to "0.0", which causes xterm to
use the ratio of font sizes from the corresponding
bitmap font resources to obtain a TrueType point-
size.
If all of the faceSize resources are set, then xterm
will use this information to determine the next
smaller/larger TrueType font for the larger-vt-
font() and smaller-vt-font() actions. If any are
not set, xterm will use only the areas of the bitmap
fonts.
faceSize1 (class FaceSize1)
Specifies the pointsize of the first alternative
font.
faceSize2 (class FaceSize2)
Specifies the pointsize of the second alternative
font.
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faceSize3 (class FaceSize3)
Specifies the pointsize of the third alternative
font.
faceSize4 (class FaceSize4)
Specifies the pointsize of the fourth alternative
font.
faceSize5 (class FaceSize5)
Specifies the pointsize of the fifth alternative
font.
faceSize6 (class FaceSize6)
Specifies the pointsize of the sixth alternative
font.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the normal font. The default
is "fixed."
See the discussion of the locale resource, which
describes how this font may be overridden.
NOTE: some resource files use patterns such as
*font: fixed
which are overly broad, affecting both
xterm.vt100.font
and
xterm.vt100.utf8Fonts.font
which is probably not what you intended.
fastScroll (class FastScroll)
Modifies the effect of jump scroll (jumpScroll) by
suppressing screen refreshes for the special case
when output to the screen has completely shifted the
contents off-screen. For instance, cat'ing a large
file to the screen does this.
font1 (class Font1)
Specifies the name of the first alternative font.
font2 (class Font2)
Specifies the name of the second alternative font.
font3 (class Font3)
Specifies the name of the third alternative font.
font4 (class Font4)
Specifies the name of the fourth alternative font.
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font5 (class Font5)
Specifies the name of the fifth alternative font.
font6 (class Font6)
Specifies the name of the sixth alternative font.
fontDoublesize (class FontDoublesize)
Specifies whether xterm should attempt to use font
scaling to draw double-sized characters. Some older
font servers cannot do this properly, will return
misleading font metrics. The default is "true". If
disabled, xterm will simulate double-sized charac-
ters by drawing normal characters with spaces
between them.
fontWarnings (class FontWarnings)
Specify whether xterm should report an error if it
fails to load a font:
0 Never report an error (though the X libraries
may).
1 Report an error if the font name was given as a
resource setting.
2 Always report an error on failure to load a
font.
The default is "1".
forceBoxChars (class ForceBoxChars)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the normal and
bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters:
- The fixed-pitch ISO-8859-*-encoded fonts used
by xterm normally have the VT100 line-drawing
glyphs in cells 1-31. Other fixed-pitch fonts
may be more attractive, but lack these glyphs.
- When using an ISO-10646-1 font and the
wideChars resource is true, xterm uses the Uni-
code glyphs which match the VT100 line-drawing
glyphs.
If "false", xterm checks for missing glyphs in the
font and makes line-drawing characters directly as
needed. If "true", xterm assumes the font does not
contain the line-drawing characters, and draws them
directly. The default is "false."
forcePackedFont (class ForcePackedFont)
Specifies whether xterm should use the maximum or
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minimum glyph width when displaying using a bitmap
font. Use the maximum width to help with propor-
tional fonts. The default is "true," denoting the
minimum width.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for displaying text in
the window. Setting the class name instead of the
instance name is an easy way to have everything that
would normally appear in the text color change
color. The default is "XtDefaultForeground."
formatOtherKeys (class FormatOtherKeys)
Overrides the format of the escape sequence used to
report modified keys with the modifyOtherKeys
resource.
0 send modified keys as parameters for function-key
27 (default).
1 send modified keys as parameters for CSI u.
freeBoldBox (class FreeBoldBox)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the bounding
boxes for normal and bold fonts are compatible. If
"false", xterm compares them and will reject choices
of bold fonts that do not match the size of the nor-
mal font. The default is "false", which means that
the comparison is performed.
geometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
VT102 window. There is no default for this
resource.
highlightColor (class HighlightColor)
Specifies the color to use for the background of
selected (highlighted) text. If not specified
(i.e., matching the default foreground), reverse
video is used. The default is "XtDefaultFore-
ground."
highlightColorMode (class HighlightColorMode)
Specifies whether xterm should use highlightText-
Color and highlightColor to override the reversed
foreground/background colors in a selection. The
default is unspecified: at startup, xterm checks if
those resources are set to something other than the
default foreground and background colors. Setting
this resource disables the check.
The following table shows the interaction of the
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User Commands XTERM(1)
highlighting resources, abbreviated as shown to fit
in this page:
HCM
highlightColorMode
HR highlightReverse
HBG
highlightColor
HFG
highlightTextColor
HCM HR HBG HFG Highlight
------------------------------------------------------
false false default default bg/fg
false false default set bg/fg
false false set default fg/HBG
false false set set fg/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
false true default default bg/fg
false true default set bg/fg
false true set default fg/HBG
false true set set fg/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
true false default default bg/fg
true false default set HFG/fg
true false set default bg/HBG
true false set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
true true default default fg/fg (useless)
true true default set HFG/fg
true true set default fg/HBG
true true set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
default false default default bg/fg
default false default set bg/fg
default false set default fg/HBG
default false set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
default true default default bg/fg
default true default set bg/fg
default true set default fg/HBG
default true set set HFG/HBG
------------------------------------------------------
highlightReverse (class HighlightReverse)
Specifies whether xterm should reverse the selection
foreground and background colors when selecting text
with reverse-video attribute. This applies only to
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User Commands XTERM(1)
the highlightColor and highlightTextColor resources,
e.g., to match the color scheme of xwsh. If "true",
xterm reverses the colors, If "false", xterm does
not reverse colors, The default is "true."
highlightSelection (class HighlightSelection)
If "false", selecting with the mouse highlights all
positions on the screen between the beginning of the
selection and the current position. If "true",
xterm highlights only the positions that contain
text that can be selected. The default is "false."
Depending on the way your applications write to the
screen, there may be trailing blanks on a line.
Xterm stores data as it is shown on the screen.
Erasing the display changes the internal state of
each cell so it is not considered a blank for the
purpose of selection. Blanks written since the last
erase are selectable. If you do not wish to have
trailing blanks in a selection, use the trimSelec-
tion resource.
highlightTextColor (class HighlightTextColor)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of
selected (highlighted) text. If not specified
(i.e., matching the default background), reverse
video is used. The default is "XtDefaultBack-
ground."
hpLowerleftBugCompat (class HpLowerleftBugCompat)
Specifies whether to work around a bug in HP's xdb,
which ignores termcap and always sends ESC F to move
to the lower left corner. "true" causes xterm to
interpret ESC F as a request to move to the lower
left corner of the screen. The default is "false."
i18nSelections (class I18nSelections)
If false, xterm will not request the targets COM-
POUND_TEXT or TEXT. The default is "true." It may
be set to false in order to work around ICCCM viola-
tions by other X clients.
iconBorderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the border color for the active icon win-
dow if this feature is compiled into xterm. Not all
window managers will make the icon border visible.
iconBorderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the border width for the active icon win-
dow if this feature is compiled into xterm. The
default is "2". Not all window managers will make
the border visible.
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iconFont (class IconFont)
Specifies the font for the miniature active icon
window, if this feature is compiled into xterm. The
default is "nil2".
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the VT100 fonts to use initially.
Values are the same as for the set-vt-font action.
The default is "d", i.e., "default".
inputMethod (class XtCInputMethod)
Tells xterm which type of input method to use.
There is no default method.
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the number of pixels between the charac-
ters and the window border. The default is "2".
italicULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline
attribute should be displayed in an italic font or
as underlined characters. It is implemented only
for TrueType fonts.
jumpScroll (class JumpScroll)
Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be used.
This corresponds to the VT102 DECSCLM private mode.
The default is "true." See fastScroll for a varia-
tion.
keepSelection (class KeepSelection)
Specifies whether xterm will keep the selection even
after the selected area was touched by some output
to the terminal. The default is "true".
keyboardDialect (class KeyboardDialect)
Specifies the initial keyboard dialect, as well as
the default value when the terminal is reset. The
value given is the same as the final character in
the control sequences which change character sets.
The default is "B", which corresponds to US ASCII.
nameKeymap (class NameKeymap)
See the discussion of the keymap() action.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
Limits resizing of the screen via control sequence
to a given multiple of the display dimensions. The
default is "1".
locale (class Locale)
Specifies how to use luit, an encoding converter
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between UTF-8 and locale encodings. The resource
value (ignoring case) may be:
true
xterm will use the encoding specified by the
users' LC_CTYPE locale (i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,
or LANG variables) as far as possible. This is
realized by always enabling UTF-8 mode and
invoking luit in non-UTF-8 locales.
medium
xterm will follow users' LC_CTYPE locale only
for UTF-8, east Asian, and Thai locales, where
the encodings were not supported by conventional
8bit mode with changing fonts. For other
locales, xterm will use conventional 8bit mode.
checkfont
If mini-luit is compiled-in, xterm will check if
a Unicode font has been specified. If so, it
checks if the character encoding for the current
locale is POSIX, Latin-1 or Latin-9, uses the
appropriate mapping to support those with the
Unicode font. For other encodings, xterm
assumes that UTF-8 encoding is required.
false
xterm will use conventional 8bit mode or UTF-8
mode according to utf8 resource or -u8 option.
Any other value, e.g., "UTF-8" or "ISO8859-2", is
assumed to be an encoding name; luit will be invoked
to support the encoding. The actual list of sup-
ported encodings depends on luit. The default is
"medium".
Regardless of your locale and encoding, you need an
ISO-10646-1 font to display the result. Your con-
figuration may not include this font, or locale-sup-
port by xterm may not be needed. At startup, xterm
uses a mechanism equivalent to the load-vt-
fonts(utf8Fonts, Utf8Fonts) action to load font name
subresources of the VT100 widget. That is, resource
patterns such as "*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" will be
loaded, and (if this resource is enabled), override
the normal fonts. If no subresources are found, the
normal fonts such as "*vt100.font", etc., are used.
The resource files distributed with xterm use
ISO-10646-1 fonts, but do not rely on them unless
you are using the locale mechanism.
localeFilter (class LocaleFilter)
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Specifies the file name for the encoding converter
from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used
with the -lc option or locale resource. The help
message shown by "xterm -help" lists the default
value, which depends on your system configuration.
If the encoding converter requires command-line
parameters, you should put those within a shell
script to execute the converter, and set this
resource to point to the shell script.
loginShell (class LoginShell)
Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in the
window should be started as a login shell. The
default is "false."
marginBell (class MarginBell)
Specifies whether or not the bell should be rung
when the user types near the right margin. The
default is "false."
metaSendsEscape (class MetaSendsEscape)
If "true", Meta characters (a character combined
with the Meta modifier key) are converted into a
two-character sequence with the character itself
preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function
key control sequences, unless xterm sees that Meta
is used in your key translations. If "false", Meta
characters input from the keyboard are handled
according to the eightBitInput resource. The
default is "false."
mkSamplePass (class MkSamplePass)
If mkSampleSize is nonzero, and mkWidth (and cjk-
Width) are false, on startup xterm compares its
built-in tables to the system's wide character width
data to decide if it will use the system's data. It
tests the first mkSampleSize character values, and
allows up to mkSamplePass mismatches before the test
fails. The default (for the allowed number of mis-
matches) is 256.
mkSampleSize (class MkSampleSize)
With mkSamplePass, this specifies a startup test
used for initializing wide character width calcula-
tions. The default (number of characters to check)
is 1024.
mkWidth (class MkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should use a built-in ver-
sion of the wide character width calculation. See
also the cjkWidth resource which can override this.
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The default is "false."
Here is a summary of the resources which control the
choice of wide character width calculation:
cjkWidth mkWidth Action
---------------------------------------------------------------
false false use system tables subject to mkSamplePass
false true use built-in tables
true false use built-in CJK tables
true true use built-in CJK tables
modifyCursorKeys (class ModifyCursorKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-,
Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a
parameter to the escape sequence returned by a cur-
sor-key. The default is "2":
Set it to -1 to disable it.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second
parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a ">" to hint
that it is private.
modifyFunctionKeys (class ModifyFunctionKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Control-,
Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to add a
parameter to the escape sequence returned by a (num-
bered) function-key. The default is "2". The
resource values are similar to modifyCursorKeys:
Set it to -1 to permit the user to use shift- and
control-modifiers to construct function-key strings
using the normal encoding scheme.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second
parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a ">" to hint
that it is private.
If modifyFunctionKeys is zero, xterm uses Control-
and Shift-modifiers to allow the user to construct
numbered function-keys beyond the set provided by
the keyboard:
Control
adds the value given by the ctrlFKeys resource.
Shift
adds twice the value given by the ctrlFKeys
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resource.
Control/Shift
adds three times the value given by the
ctrlFKeys resource.
As a special case, legacy (when oldFunctionKeys is
true) or vt220 (when sunKeyboard is true) keyboards
interpret only the Control-modifier when construct-
ing numbered function-keys. This is done to provide
compatible keyboards for DEC VT220 and related ter-
minals that implement user-defined keys (UDK).
modifyOtherKeys (class ModifyOtherKeys)
Like modifyCursorKeys, tells xterm to construct an
escape sequence for other keys (such as "2") when
modified by Control-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers. This
feature does not apply to function keys and well-
defined keys such as ESC or the control keys. The
default is "0":
0 disables this feature.
1 enables this feature for keys except for those
with well-known behavior, e.g., Tab, Backarrow
and some special control character cases, e.g.,
Control-Space to make a NUL.
2 enables this feature for keys including the
exceptions listed.
multiClickTime (class MultiClickTime)
Specifies the maximum time in milliseconds between
multi-click select events. The default is "250"
milliseconds.
multiScroll (class MultiScroll)
Specifies whether or not scrolling should be done
asynchronously. The default is "false."
nMarginBell (class Column)
Specifies the number of characters from the right
margin at which the margin bell should be rung, when
enabled by the marginBell resource. The default is
"10".
numLock (class NumLock)
If "true", xterm checks if NumLock is used as a mod-
ifier (see xmodmap(1)). If so, this modifier is
used to simplify the logic when implementing special
NumLock for the sunKeyboard resource. Also (when
sunKeyboard is false), similar logic is used to find
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the modifier associated with the left and right Alt
keys. The default is "true."
oldXtermFKeys (class OldXtermFKeys)
If "true", xterm will use old-style control
sequences for function keys F1 to F4, for compati-
bility with X Consortium xterm. Otherwise, it uses
the VT100-style codes for PF1 to PF4. The default
is "false."
on2Clicks (class On2Clicks)
on3Clicks (class On3Clicks)
on4Clicks (class On4Clicks)
on5Clicks (class On5Clicks)
Specify selection behavior in response to multiple
mouse clicks. A single mouse click is always inter-
preted as described in the SELECTION section (see
POINTER USAGE). Multiple mouse clicks (using the
button which activates the select-start action) are
interpreted according to the resource values of
on2Clicks, etc. The resource value can be one of
these:
word
Select a "word" as determined by the charClass
resource. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
line
Select a line (counting wrapping).
group
Select a group of adjacent lines (counting wrap-
ping). The selection stops on a blank line, and
does not extend outside the current page.
page
Select all visible lines, i.e., the page.
all
Select all lines, i.e., including the saved
lines.
regex
Select a "word" as determined by the regular
expression which follows in the resource value.
none
No selection action is associated with this
resource. xterm interprets it as the end of the
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list. For example, you may use it to disable
triple (and higher) clicking by setting on3Clicks
to "none".
The default values for on2Clicks and on3Clicks are
"word" and "line", respectively. There is no
default value for on4Clicks or on5Clicks, making
those inactive. On startup, xterm determines the
maximum number of clicks by the onXClicks resource
values which are set.
openIm (class XtCOpenIm)
Tells xterm whether to open the input method at
startup. The default is "true".
pointerColor (class PointerColor)
Specifies the foreground color of the pointer. The
default is "XtDefaultForeground."
pointerColorBackground (class PointerColorBackground)
Specifies the background color of the pointer. The
default is "XtDefaultBackground."
pointerMode (class PointerMode)
Specifies when the pointer may be hidden as the user
types. It will be redisplayed if the user moves the
mouse, or clicks one of its buttons.
0 never
1 the application running in xterm has not acti-
vated mouse mode. This is the default.
2 always.
pointerShape (class Cursor)
Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer. The
default is "xterm."
popOnBell (class PopOnBell)
Specifies whether the window would be raised when
Control-G is received. The default is "false."
If the window is iconified, this has no effect.
However, the zIconBeep resource provides you with
the ability to see which iconified windows have
sounded a bell.
preeditType (class XtCPreeditType)
Tells xterm which types of preedit (preconversion)
string to display. The default is "OverTheS-
pot,Root".
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printAttributes (class PrintAttributes)
Specifies whether to print graphic attributes along
with the text. A real DEC VTxxx terminal will print
the underline, highlighting codes but your printer
may not handle these.
o "0" disables the attributes.
o "1" prints the normal set of attributes (bold,
underline, inverse and blink) as VT100-style
control sequences.
o "2" prints ANSI color attributes as well.
The default is "1".
printFileImmediate (PrintFileImmediate)
When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm
prints the screen contents directly to a file. Set
this resource to the prefix of the filename (a time-
stamp will be appended to the actual name).
The default is an empty string, i.e., "", However,
when the print-immediate action is invoked, if the
string is empty, then "XTerm" is used.
printFileOnXError (PrintFileOnXError)
If xterm exits with an X error, e.g., your connec-
tion is broken when the server crashes, it can be
told to write the contents of the screen to a file.
To enable the feature, set this resource to the pre-
fix of the filename (a timestamp will be appended to
the actual name).
The default is an empty string, i.e., "", which dis-
ables this feature. However, when the print-on-
error action is invoked, if the string is empty,
then "XTermError" is used.
These error codes are handled: ERROR_XERROR,
ERROR_XIOERROR and ERROR_ICEERROR.
printModeImmediate (PrintModeImmediate)
When the print-immediate action is invoked, xterm
prints the screen contents directly to a file. You
can use the printModeImmediate resource to tell it
to use escape sequences to reconstruct the video
attributes and colors. This uses the same values as
the printAttributes resource. The default is "0".
printModeOnXError (PrintModeOnXError)
Xterm implements the printFileOnXError feature using
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the printer feature, although the output is written
directly to a file. You can use the printModeOnXEr-
ror resource to tell it to use escape sequences to
reconstruct the video attributes and colors. This
uses the same values as the printAttributes
resource. The default is "0".
printOptsImmediate (PrintOptsImmediate)
Specify the range of text which is printed to a file
when the print-immediately action is invoked.
o If zero (0), then this selects the current (vis-
ible screen) plus the saved lines, except if the
alternate screen is being used. In that case,
only the alternate screen is selectd.
o If nonzero, the bits of this resource value
(checked in descending order) select the range:
8 selects the saved lines.
4 selects the alternate screen.
2 selects the normal screen.
1 selects the current screen, which can be
either the normal or alternate screen.
The default is "9", which selects the current visi-
ble screen plus saved lines, with no special case
for the alternated screen.
printOptsOnXError (PrintOptsOnXError)
Specify the range of text which is printed to a file
when the print-on-error action is invoked. The
resource value is interpreted the same as in print-
OptsImmediate.
The default is "9", which selects the current visi-
ble screen plus saved lines, with no special case
for the alternated screen.
printerAutoClose (class PrinterAutoClose)
If "true", xterm will close the printer (a pipe)
when the application switches the printer offline
with a Media Copy command. The default is "false."
printerCommand (class PrinterCommand)
Specifies a shell command to which xterm will open a
pipe when the first MC (Media Copy) command is ini-
tiated. The default is an empty string, i.e., "".
If the resource value is given as an empty string,
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the printer is disabled.
printerControlMode (class PrinterControlMode)
Specifies the printer control mode. A "1" selects
autoprint mode, which causes xterm to print a line
from the screen when you move the cursor off that
line with a line feed, form feed or vertical tab
character, or an autowrap occurs. Autoprint mode is
overridden by printer controller mode (a "2"), which
causes all of the output to be directed to the
printer. The default is "0".
printerExtent (class PrinterExtent)
Controls whether a print page function will print
the entire page (true), or only the the portion
within the scrolling margins (false). The default
is "false."
printerFormFeed (class PrinterFormFeed)
Controls whether a form feed is sent to the printer
at the end of a print page function. The default is
"false."
printerNewLine (class PrinterNewLine)
Controls whether a newline is sent to the printer at
the end of a print page function. The default is
"true."
quietGrab (class QuietGrab)
Controls whether the cursor is repainted when Noti-
fyGrab and NotifyUngrab event types are received
during change of focus. The default is "false."
renderFont (class RenderFont)
If xterm is built with the Xft library, this con-
trols whether the faceName resource is used. The
default is "default."
The resource values are strings, evaluated as
booleans after startup.
false
disable the feature and use the normal (bitmap)
font.
true
startup using the TrueType font specified by
the faceName and faceSize resource settings.
If there is no value for faceName, disable the
feature and use the normal (bitmap) font.
After startup, you can still switch to/from the
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bitmap font using the "TrueType Fonts" menu
entry.
default
startup using the normal (bitmap) font, but
enable the "TrueType Fonts" menu entry to allow
runtime switching to/from TrueType fonts.
If there is no faceName resource set, then run-
time switching to TrueType fonts is disabled.
Xterm has a separate compiled-in value for
faceName for the special case where renderFont
is "default". That is normally "mono".
resizeGravity (class ResizeGravity)
Affects the behavior when the window is resized to
be taller or shorter. NorthWest specifies that the
top line of text on the screen stay fixed. If the
window is made shorter, lines are dropped from the
bottom; if the window is made taller, blank lines
are added at the bottom. This is compatible with
the behavior in R4. SouthWest (the default) speci-
fies that the bottom line of text on the screen stay
fixed. If the window is made taller, additional
saved lines will be scrolled down onto the screen;
if the window is made shorter, lines will be
scrolled off the top of the screen, and the top
saved lines will be dropped.
retryInputMethod (class XtCRetryInputMethod)
Tells xterm how many times to retry, in case the
input-method server is not responding. This is a
different issue than unsupported preedit type, etc.
You may encounter retries if your X configuration
(and its libraries) are missing pieces. Setting
this resource to zero ``0'' will cancel the retry-
ing. The default is ``3''.
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
Specifies whether or not reverse video should be
simulated. The default is "false."
There are several aspects to reverse video in xterm:
o The command-line -rv option tells the X
libraries to reverse the foreground and back-
ground colors. Xterm's command-line options set
resource values. In particular, the X Toolkit
sets the reverseVideo resource when the -rv
option is used.
o If the user has also used command-line options
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-fg or -bg to set the foreground and background
colors, xterm does not see these options
directly. Instead, it examines the resource
values to reconstruct the command-line options,
and determine which of the colors is the user's
intended foreground, etc. Their actual values
are irrelevant to the reverse video function;
some users prefer the X defaults (black text on
a white background), others prefer white text on
a black background.
o After startup, the user can toggle the "Enable
Reverse Video" menu entry. This exchanges the
current foreground and background colors of the
VT100 widget, and repaints the screen. Because
of the X resource hierarchy, the reverseVideo
resource applies to more than the VT100 widget.
Programs running in an xterm can also use control
sequences to enable the VT100 reverse video mode.
These are independent of the reverseVideo resource
and the menu entry. Xterm exchanges the current
foreground and background colors when drawing text
affected by these control sequences.
Other control sequences can alter the foreground and
background colors which are used:
o Programs can also use the ANSI color control
sequences to set the foreground and background
colors.
o Extensions to the ANSI color controls (such as
16-, 88- or 256-colors) are treated similarly to
the ANSI control.
o Using other control sequences (the "dynamic col-
ors" feature), a program can change the fore-
ground and background colors.
reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap)
Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should
be enabled. This corresponds to xterm's private
mode 45. The default is "false."
rightScrollBar (class RightScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be
displayed on the right rather than the left. The
default is "false."
saveLines (class SaveLines)
Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the top
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of the screen when a scrollbar is turned on. The
default is "64".
scrollBar (class ScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be
displayed. The default is "false."
scrollBarBorder (class ScrollBarBorder)
Specifies the width of the scrollbar border. Note
that this is drawn to overlap the border of the
xterm window. Modifying the scrollbar's border
affects only the line between the VT100 widget and
the scrollbar. The default value is 1.
scrollKey (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not pressing a key should auto-
matically cause the scrollbar to go to the bottom of
the scrolling region. This corresponds to xterm's
private mode 1011. The default is "false."
scrollLines (class ScrollLines)
Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back
and scroll-forw actions should use as a default.
The default value is 1.
scrollTtyOutput (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not output to the terminal
should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to
the bottom of the scrolling region. The default is
"true."
selectToClipboard (class SelectToClipboard)
Tells xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD
for SELECT tokens in the selection mechanism. The
set-select action can change this at runtime, allow-
ing the user to work with programs that handle only
one of these mechanisms. The default is "false",
which tells it to use PRIMARY.
shiftFonts (class ShiftFonts)
Specifies whether to enable the actions larger-vt-
font() and smaller-vt-font(), which are normally
bound to the shifted KP_Add and KP_Subtract. The
default is "true."
showBlinkAsBold (class ShowBlinkAsBold)
Tells xterm whether to display text with blink-
attribute the same as bold. If xterm has not been
configured to support blinking text, the default is
"true.", which corresponds to older versions of
xterm, otherwise the default is "false."
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showMissingGlyphs (class ShowMissingGlyphs)
Tells xterm whether to display a box outlining
places where a character has been used that the font
does not represent. The default is "false."
showWrapMarks (class ShowWrapMarks)
For debugging xterm and applications that may manip-
ulate the wrapped-line flag by writing text at the
right margin, show a mark on the right inner-border
of the window. The mark shows which lines have the
flag set.
signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the entries in the "Main
Options" menu for sending signals to xterm should be
disallowed. The default is "false."
tekGeometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
Tektronix window. There is no default for this
resource.
tekInhibit (class TekInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the escape sequence to
enter Tektronix mode should be ignored. The default
is "false."
tekSmall (class TekSmall)
Specifies whether or not the Tektronix mode window
should start in its smallest size if no explicit
geometry is given. This is useful when running
xterm on displays with small screens. The default
is "false."
tekStartup (class TekStartup)
Specifies whether or not xterm should start up in
Tektronix mode. The default is "false."
tiXtraScroll (class TiXtraScroll)
Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new page
when processing the ti termcap entry, i.e., the pri-
vate modes 47, 1047 or 1049. This is only in effect
if titeInhibit is "true", because the intent of this
option is to provide a picture of the full-screen
application's display on the scrollback without wip-
ing out the text that would be shown before the
application was initialized. The default for this
resource is "false."
titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should remove ti and
te termcap entries (used to switch between alternate
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screens on startup of many screen-oriented programs)
from the TERMCAP string. If set, xterm also ignores
the escape sequence to switch to the alternate
screen. Xterm supports terminfo in a different way,
supporting composite control sequences (also known
as private modes) 1047, 1048 and 1049 which have the
same effect as the original 47 control sequence.
The default for this resource is "false."
titleModes (class TitleModes)
Tells xterm whether to accept or return window- and
icon-labels in ISO-8859-1 (the default) or UTF-8.
Either can be encoded in hexadecimal. The default
for this resource is "0".
Each bit (bit "0" is 1, bit "1" is 2, etc.) corre-
sponds to one of the parameters set by the title
modes control sequence:
0 Set window/icon labels using hexadecimal
1 Query window/icon labels using hexadecimal
2 Set window/icon labels using UTF-8 (overrides
utf8Titles resource).
3 Query window/icon labels using UTF-8
translations (class Translations)
Specifies the key and button bindings for menus,
selections, "programmed strings," etc. The transla-
tions resource, which provides much of xterm's con-
figurability, is a feature of the X Toolkit Intrin-
sics library (Xt). See the ACTIONS section.
trimSelection (class TrimSelection)
If you set highlightSelection, you can see the text
which is selected, including any trailing spaces.
Clearing the screen (or a line) resets it to a state
containing no spaces. Some lines may contain trail-
ing spaces when an application writes them to the
screen. However, you may not wish to paste lines
with trailing spaces. If this resource is true,
xterm will trim trailing spaces from text which is
selected. It does not affect spaces which result in
a wrapped line, nor will it trim the trailing new-
line from your selection. The default is "false."
underLine (class UnderLine)
This specifies whether or not text with the under-
line attribute should be underlined. It may be
desirable to disable underlining when color is being
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used for the underline attribute. The default is
"true."
useClipping (class UseClipping)
Tell xterm whether to use clipping to keep from pro-
ducing dots outside the text drawing area. Origi-
nally used to work around for overstriking effects,
this is also needed to work with some incorrectly-
sized fonts. The default is "true."
utf8 (class Utf8)
This specifies whether xterm will run in UTF-8 mode.
If you set this resource, xterm also sets the
wideChars resource as a side-effect. The resource
can be set via the menu entry "UTF-8 Encoding". The
default is "default."
Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or
the number shown in parentheses:
false (0)
UTF-8 mode is initially off. The command-line
option +u8 sets the resource to this value.
Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off
are allowed.
true (1)
UTF-8 mode is initially on. Escape sequences for
turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
always (2)
The command-line option -u8 sets the resource to
this value. Escape sequences for turning UTF-8
mode on/off are ignored.
default (3)
This is the default value of the resource. It is
changed during initialization depending on
whether the locale resource was set, to false (0)
or always (2). See the locale resource for addi-
tional discussion of non-UTF-8 locales.
If you want to set the value of utf8, it should be
in this range. Other nonzero values are treated the
same as "1", i.e., UTF-8 mode is initially on, and
escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are
allowed.
utf8Fonts (class Utf8Fonts)
See the discussion of the locale resource. This
specifies whether xterm will use UTF-8 fonts speci-
fied via resource patterns such as
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User Commands XTERM(1)
"*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" or normal (ISO-8859-1) fonts
via patterns such as "*vt100.font". The resource
can be set via the menu entry "UTF-8 Fonts". The
default is "default."
Xterm accepts either a keyword (ignoring case) or
the number shown in parentheses:
false (0)
Use the ISO-8859-1 fonts. The menu entry is
enabled, allowing the choice of fonts to be
changed at runtime.
true (1)
Use the UTF-8 fonts. The menu entry is
enabled, allowing the choice of fonts to be
changed at runtime.
always (2)
Always use the UTF-8 fonts. This also disables
the menu entry.
default (3)
At startup, the resource is set to true or
false, according to the effective value of the
utf8 resource.
utf8Latin1 (class Utf8Latin1)
If true, allow an ISO-8859-1 normal font to be com-
bined with an ISO-10646 font if the latter is given
via the -fw option or its corresponding resource
value. The default is "false."
utf8SelectTypes (class Utf8SelectTypes)
Override xterm's default selection target list (see
SELECT/PASTE) for selections in wide-character
(UTF-8) mode. The default is an empty string, i.e.,
"", which does not override anything.
utf8Title (class Utf8Title)
Applications can set xterm's title by writing a con-
trol sequence. Normally this control sequence fol-
lows the VT220 convention, which encodes the string
in ISO-8859-1 and allows for an 8-bit string termi-
nator. If xterm is started in a UTF-8 locale, it
translates the ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8 to work
with the X libraries which assume the string is
UTF-8.
However, some users may wish to write a title string
encoded in UTF-8. The window manager is responsible
for drawing window titles. Some window managers
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User Commands XTERM(1)
(not all) support UTF-8 encoding of window titles.
Set this resource to "true" to allow UTF-8 encoded
title strings. That cancels the translation to
UTF-8, allowing UTF-8 strings to be displayed as is.
This feature is available as a menu entry, since it
is related to the particular applications you are
running within xterm. You can also use a control
sequence (see the discussion of "Title Modes" in the
control sequences document), to set an equivalent
flag. The titleModes resource sets the same value,
which overrides this resource.
The default is "false."
veryBoldColors (class VeryBoldColors)
Specifies whether to combine video attributes with
colors specified by colorBD, colorBL, colorRV and
colorUL. The resource value is the sum of values
for each attribute:
1 for reverse,
2 for underline,
4 for bold and
8 for blink.
The default is "0".
visualBell (class VisualBell)
Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e.,
flashing) should be used instead of an audible bell
when Control-G is received. The default is "false."
visualBellDelay (class VisualBellDelay)
Number of milliseconds to delay when displaying a
visual bell. Default is 100. If set to zero, no
visual bell is displayed. This is useful for very
slow displays, e.g., an LCD display on a laptop.
vt100Graphics (class VT100Graphics)
This specifies whether xterm will interpret VT100
graphic character escape sequences while in UTF-8
mode. The default is "true", to provide support for
various legacy applications.
wideBoldFont (class WideBoldFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing bold wide text. By default, it will attempt
to use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw bold text. If no double-width font is
found, it will improvise, by stretching the bold
font.
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wideChars (class WideChars)
Specifies if xterm should respond to control
sequences that process 16-bit characters. The
default is "false."
wideFont (class WideFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing wide text. By default, it will attempt to
use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw normal text. If no double-width font
is found, it will improvise, by stretching the nor-
mal font.
ximFont (class XimFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot"
input method.
In "OverTheSpot" preedit type, the preedit (precon-
version) string is displayed at the position of the
cursor. It is the XIM server's responsibility to
display the preedit string. The XIM client must
inform the XIM server of the cursor position. For
best results, the preedit string must be displayed
with a proper font. Therefore, xterm informs the
XIM server of the proper font. The font is be sup-
plied by a "fontset", whose default value is "*".
This matches every font, the X library automatically
chooses fonts with proper charsets. The ximFont
resource is provided to override this default font
setting.
Tek4014 Widget Resources
The following resources are specified as part of the tek4014
widget (class Tek4014). These are specified by patterns
such as "XTerm.tek4014.NAME":
font2 (class Font)
Specifies font number 2 to use in the Tektronix win-
dow.
font3 (class Font)
Specifies font number 3 to use in the Tektronix win-
dow.
fontLarge (class Font)
Specifies the large font to use in the Tektronix
window.
fontSmall (class Font)
Specifies the small font to use in the Tektronix
window.
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ginTerminator (class GinTerminator)
Specifies what character(s) should follow a GIN
report or status report. The possibilities are
"none," which sends no terminating characters,
"CRonly," which sends CR, and "CR&EOT," which sends
both CR and EOT. The default is "none."
height (class Height)
Specifies the height of the Tektronix window in pix-
els.
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the four Tektronix fonts to use
initially. Values are the same as for the set-tek-
text action. The default is "large."
width (class Width)
Specifies the width of the Tektronix window in pix-
els.
Menu Resources
The resources that may be specified for the various menus
are described in the documentation for the Athena SimpleMenu
widget. The name and classes of the entries in each of the
menus are listed below. Resources named "lineN" where N is
a number are separators with class SmeLine.
The mainMenu has the following entries:
toolbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-toolbar(toggle) action.
securekbd (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the secure() action.
allowsends (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the allow-send-events(toggle)
action.
redraw (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the redraw() action.
logging (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the logging(toggle) action.
print-immediate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-immediate() action.
print-on-error (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-on-error() action.
print (class SmeBSB)
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This entry invokes the print() action.
print-redir (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-redir() action.
8-bit-control (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-8-bit-control(toggle)
action.
backarrow key (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-backarrow(toggle) action.
num-lock (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-num-lock(toggle) action.
alt-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the alt-sends-escape(toggle)
action.
meta-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the meta-sends-escape(toggle)
action.
delete-is-del (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the delete-is-del(toggle) action.
oldFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the old-function-keys(toggle)
action.
hpFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hp-function-keys(toggle)
action.
scoFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sco-function-keys(toggle)
action.
sunFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sun-function-keys(toggle)
action.
sunKeyboard (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sunKeyboard(toggle) action.
suspend (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(tstp) action on
systems that support job control.
continue (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(cont) action on
systems that support job control.
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interrupt (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(int) action.
hangup (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(hup) action.
terminate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(term) action.
kill (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(kill) action.
quit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the quit() action.
The vtMenu has the following entries:
scrollbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scrollbar(toggle) action.
jumpscroll (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-jumpscroll(toggle)
action.
reversevideo (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reverse-video(toggle)
action.
autowrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autowrap(toggle) action.
reversewrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reversewrap(toggle)
action.
autolinefeed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autolinefeed(toggle)
action.
appcursor (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appcursor(toggle) action.
appkeypad (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appkeypad(toggle) action.
scrollkey (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-key(toggle)
action.
scrollttyoutput (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-tty-output(tog-
gle) action.
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allow132 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-allow132(toggle) action.
cursesemul (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursesemul(toggle)
action.
visualbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visualbell(toggle)
action.
bellIsUrgent (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-bellIsUrgent(toggle)
action.
poponbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-poponbell(toggle) action.
cursorblink (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursorblink(toggle)
action.
titeInhibit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-titeInhibit(toggle)
action.
activeicon (class SmeBSB)
This entry toggles active icons on and off if this
feature was compiled into xterm. It is enabled only
if xterm was started with the command line option
+ai or the activeIcon resource is set to "true."
softreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the soft-reset() action.
hardreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hard-reset() action.
clearsavedlines (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the clear-saved-lines() action.
tekshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle)
action.
tekmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(tek)
action.
vthide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,off)
action.
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altscreen (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-altscreen(toggle) action.
The fontMenu has the following entries:
fontdefault (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(d) action.
font1 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(1) action.
font2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(2) action.
font3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(3) action.
font4 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(4) action.
font5 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(5) action.
font6 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(6) action.
fontescape (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(e) action.
fontsel (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(s) action.
font-linedrawing (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-linedrawing(s)
action.
font-packed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-packed(s) action.
font-doublesize (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-doublesize(s)
action.
render-font (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-render-font(s) action.
utf8-mode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-mode(s) action.
utf8-title (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-title(s) action.
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The tekMenu has the following entries:
tektextlarge (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(large) action.
tektext2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(2) action.
tektext3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(3) action.
tektextsmall (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(small) action.
tekpage (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-page() action.
tekreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-reset() action.
tekcopy (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-copy() action.
vtshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,toggle)
action.
vtmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(vt) action.
tekhide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle)
action.
Scrollbar Resources
The following resources are useful when specified for the
Athena Scrollbar widget:
thickness (class Thickness)
Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of the
scrollbar.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of the
scrollbar. The "thumb" of the scrollbar is a simple
checkerboard pattern alternating pixels for fore-
ground and background color.
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User Commands XTERM(1)
POINTER USAGE
Once the VT102 window is created, xterm allows you to select
text and copy it within the same or other windows.
SELECTION
The selection functions are invoked when the pointer buttons
are used with no modifiers, and when they are used with the
"shift" key. The assignment of the functions described
below to keys and buttons may be changed through the
resource database; see ACTIONS below.
Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text into
the cut buffer. Move the cursor to beginning of the text,
and then hold the button down while moving the cursor to the
end of the region and releasing the button. The selected
text is highlighted and is saved in the global cut buffer
and made the PRIMARY selection when the button is released.
Normally (but see the discussion of on2Clicks, etc):
- Double-clicking selects by words.
- Triple-clicking selects by lines.
- Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc.
Multiple-click is determined by the time from button up to
button down, so you can change the selection unit in the
middle of a selection. Logical words and lines selected by
double- or triple-clicking may wrap across more than one
screen line if lines were wrapped by xterm itself rather
than by the application running in the window. If the
key/button bindings specify that an X selection is to be
made, xterm will leave the selected text highlighted for as
long as it is the selection owner.
Pointer button two (usually middle) "types" (pastes) the
text from the PRIMARY selection, if any, otherwise from the
cut buffer, inserting it as keyboard input.
Pointer button three (usually right) extends the current
selection. (Without loss of generality, you can swap
"right" and "left" everywhere in the rest of this para-
graph.) If pressed while closer to the right edge of the
selection than the left, it extends/contracts the right edge
of the selection. If you contract the selection past the
left edge of the selection, xterm assumes you really meant
the left edge, restores the original selection, then
extends/contracts the left edge of the selection. Extension
starts in the selection unit mode that the last selection or
extension was performed in; you can multiple-click to cycle
through them.
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User Commands XTERM(1)
By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new
lines, you can take text from several places in different
windows and form a command to the shell, for example, or
take output from a program and insert it into your favorite
editor. Since cut buffers are globally shared among differ-
ent applications, you may regard each as a "file" whose con-
tents you know. The terminal emulator and other text pro-
grams should be treating it as if it were a text file, i.e.,
the text is delimited by new lines.
SCROLLING
The scroll region displays the position and amount of text
currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to
the amount of text actually saved. As more text is saved
(up to the maximum), the size of the highlighted area
decreases.
Clicking button one with the pointer in the scroll region
moves the adjacent line to the top of the display window.
Clicking button three moves the top line of the display win-
dow down to the pointer position.
Clicking button two moves the display to a position in the
saved text that corresponds to the pointer's position in the
scrollbar.
TEKTRONIX POINTER
Unlike the VT102 window, the Tektronix window does not allow
the copying of text. It does allow Tektronix GIN mode, and
in this mode the cursor will change from an arrow to a
cross. Pressing any key will send that key and the current
coordinate of the cross cursor. Pressing button one, two,
or three will return the letters "l", "m", and "r", respec-
tively. If the "shift" key is pressed when a pointer button
is pressed, the corresponding upper case letter is sent. To
distinguish a pointer button from a key, the high bit of the
character is set (but this is bit is normally stripped
unless the terminal mode is RAW; see tty(4) for details).
SELECT/PASTE
X clients provide select and paste support by responding to
requests conveyed by the server.
PRIMARY
When configured to use the primary selection, (the default)
xterm can provide the selection data in ways which help to
retain character encoding information as it is pasted.
A user "selects" text on xterm, which highlights the
selected text. A subsequent "paste" to another client for-
wards a request to the client owning the selection. If
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xterm owns the primary selection, it makes the data avail-
able in the form of one or more "selection targets". If it
does not own the primary selection, e.g., if it has released
it or another client has asserted ownership, it relies on
cut-buffers to pass the data. But cut-buffers handle only
ISO-8859-1 data (officially - some clients ignore the
rules).
CLIPBOARD
When configured to use the clipboard (see resource selectTo-
Clipboard), the problem with persistence of ownership is
bypassed. Otherwise, there is no difference regarding the
data which can be passed via selection.
SELECTION TARGETS
The different types of data which are passed depend on what
the receiving client asks for. These are termed selection
targets.
When asking for the selection data, xterm tries the follow-
ing types in this order:
UTF8_STRING
This is an XFree86 extension, which denotes that
the data is encoded in UTF-8. When xterm is built
with wide-character support, it both accepts and
provides this type.
TEXT the text is in the encoding which corresponds to
your current locale.
COMPOUND_TEXT
this is a format for multiple character set data,
such as multi-lingual text. It can store UTF-8
data as a special case.
STRING
This is Latin 1 (ISO-8859-1) data.
The middle two (TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT) are added if xterm
is configured with the i18nSelections resource set to
"true".
UTF8_STRING is preferred (therefore first in the list) since
xterm stores text as Unicode data when running in wide-char-
acter mode, and no translation is needed. On the other
hand, TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT may require translation. If
the translation is incomplete, they will insert X's
"defaultString" whose value cannot be set, and may simply be
empty. Xterm's defaultString resource specifies the string
to use for incomplete translations of the UTF8_STRING.
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User Commands XTERM(1)
You can alter the types which xterm tries using the eight-
BitSelectTypes or utf8SelectTypes resources. For instance,
you might have some specific locale setting which does not
use UTF-8 encoding. The resource value is a comma-separated
list of the selection targets, which consist of the names
shown. You can use the special name I18N to denote the
optional inclusion of TEXT and COMPOUND_TEXT. The names are
matched ignoring case, and can be abbreviated. The default
list can be expressed in several ways, e.g.,
UTF8_STRING,I18N,STRING
utf8,i18n,string
u,i,s
MENUS
Xterm has four menus, named mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and
tekMenu. Each menu pops up under the correct combinations
of key and button presses. Each menu is divided into sec-
tions, separated by a horizontal line. Some menu entries
correspond to modes that can be altered. A check mark
appears next to a mode that is currently active. Selecting
one of these modes toggles its state. Other menu entries
are commands; selecting one of these performs the indicated
function.
All of the menu entries correspond to X actions. In the
list below, the menu label is shown followed by the action's
name in parenthesis.
Main Options
The xterm mainMenu pops up when the "control" key and
pointer button one are pressed in a window. This menu con-
tains items that apply to both the VT102 and Tektronix win-
dows. There are several sections:
Commands for managing X events:
Toolbar
Clicking on the "Toolbar" menu entry hides the
toolbar if it is visible, and shows it if it is
not.
Secure Keyboard (securekbd)
The Secure Keyboard mode is helpful when typing in
passwords or other sensitive data in an unsecure
environment; see SECURITY below (but read the lim-
itations carefully).
Allow SendEvents (allowsends)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button
events generated using the X protocol SendEvent
request should be interpreted or discarded. This
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corresponds to the allowSendEvents resource.
Redraw Window (redraw)
Forces the X display to repaint; useful in some
environments.
Commands for capturing output:
Log to File (logging)
Captures text sent to the screen in a logfile, as
in the -l logging option.
Print-All Immediately
Invokes the print-immediate action, sending the
text of the current window directly to a file, as
specified by the printFileImmediate, printModeIm-
mediate and printOptsImmediate resources.
Print-All on Error
Invokes the print-on-error action, which toggles a
flag telling xterm that if it exits with an X
error, to send the text of the current window
directly to a file, as specified by the print-
FileXError, printModeXError and printOptsXError
resources.
Print Window (print)
Sends the text of the current window to the pro-
gram given in the printerCommand resource.
Redirect to Printer (print-redir)
This sets the printerControlMode to 0 or 2. You
can use this to turn the printer on as if an
application had sent the appropriate control
sequence. It is also useful for switching the
printer off if an application turns it on without
resetting the print control mode.
Modes for setting keyboard style:
8-Bit Controls (8-bit-control)
Enabled for VT220 emulation, this controls whether
xterm will send 8-bit control sequences rather
than using 7-bit (ASCII) controls, e.g., sending a
byte in the range 128-159 rather than the escape
character followed by a second byte. Xterm always
interprets both 8-bit and 7-bit control sequences
(see the document Xterm Control Sequences). This
corresponds to the eightBitControl resource.
Backarrow Key (BS/DEL) (backarrow key)
Modifies the behavior of the backarrow key, making
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it transmit either a backspace (8) or delete (127)
character. This corresponds to the backarrowKey
resource.
Alt/NumLock Modifiers (num-lock)
Controls the treatment of Alt- and NumLock-key
modifiers. This corresponds to the numLock
resource.
Meta Sends Escape (meta-esc)
Controls whether Meta keys are converted into a
two-character sequence with the character itself
preceded by ESC. This corresponds to the
metaSendsEscape resource.
Delete is DEL (delete-is-del)
Controls whether the Delete key on the editing
keypad should send DEL (127) or the VT220-style
Remove escape sequence. This corresponds to the
deleteIsDEL resource.
Old Function-Keys (oldFunctionKeys)
HP Function-Keys (hpFunctionKeys)
SCO Function-Keys (scoFunctionKeys)
Sun Function-Keys (sunFunctionKeys)
VT220 Keyboard (sunKeyboard)
These act as a radio-button, selecting one style
for the keyboard layout. It corresponds to more
than one resource setting: sunKeyboard, sunFunc-
tionKeys, scoFunctionKeys and hpFunctionKeys .
Commands for process signalling:
Send STOP Signal (suspend)
Send CONT Signal (continue)
Send INT Signal (interrupt)
Send HUP Signal (hangup)
Send TERM Signal (terminate)
Send KILL Signal (kill)
These send the SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, SIGINT, SIGHUP,
SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals respectively, to the
process group of the process running under xterm
(usually the shell). The SIGCONT function is
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especially useful if the user has accidentally
typed CTRL-Z, suspending the process.
Quit (quit)
Stop processing X events except to support the
-hold option, and then send a SIGHUP signal to the
the process group of the process running under
xterm (usually the shell).
VT Options
The vtMenu sets various modes in the VT102 emulation, and is
popped up when the "control" key and pointer button two are
pressed in the VT102 window.
VT102/VT220 Modes:
Enable Scrollbar (scrollbar)
Enable (or disable) the scrollbar. This corre-
sponds to the -sb option and the scrollBar
resource.
Enable Jump Scroll (jumpscroll)
Enable (or disable) jump scrolling. This corre-
sponds to the -j option and the jumpScroll
resource.
Enable Reverse Video (reversevideo)
Enable (or disable) reverse-video. This corre-
sponds to the -rv option and the reverseVideo
resource.
Enable Auto Wraparound (autowrap)
Enable (or disable) auto-wraparound. This corre-
sponds to the -aw option and the autoWrap
resource.
Enable Reverse Wraparound (reversewrap)
Enable (or disable) reverse wraparound. This cor-
responds to the -rw option and the reverseWrap
resource.
Enable Auto Linefeed (autolinefeed)
Enable (or disable) auto-linefeed. This is the
VT102 NEL function, which causes the emulator to
emit a linefeed after each carriage return. There
is no corresponding command-line option or
resource setting.
Enable Application Cursor Keys (appcursor)
Enable (or disable) application cursor keys. This
corresponds to the appcursorDefault resource.
There is no corresponding command-line option.
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Enable Application Keypad (appkeypad)
Enable (or disable) application keypad keys. This
corresponds to the appkeypadDefault resource.
There is no corresponding command-line option.
Scroll to Bottom on Key Press (scrollkey)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the
scrolling region on a keypress. This corresponds
to the -sk option and the scrollKey resource.
As a special case, the XON / XOFF keys (control/S
and control/Q) are ignored.
Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output (scrollttyoutput)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom of the
scrolling region on output to the terminal. This
corresponds to the -si option and the scrollTty-
Output resource.
Allow 80/132 Column Switching (allow132)
Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and 132
columns. This corresponds to the -132 option and
the c132 resource.
Keep Selection (keepSelection)
Tell xterm whether to disown the selection when it
stops highlighting it, e.g., when an application
modifies the display so that it no longer matches
the text which has been highlighted. As long as
xterm continues to own the selection, it can pro-
vide the corresponding text to other clients via
cut/paste. This corresponds to the keepSelection
resource. There is no corresponding command-line
option.
Select to Clipboard (selectToClipboard)
Tell xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIPBOARD
for SELECT tokens in the translations resource
which maps keyboard and mouse actions to
select/paste actions. This corresponds to the
selectToClipboard resource. There is no corre-
sponding command-line option.
Enable Visual Bell (visualbell)
Enable (or disable) visible bell (i.e., flashing)
instead of an audible bell. This corresponds to
the -vb option and the visualBell resource.
Enable Bell Urgency (bellIsUrgent)
Enable (or disable) Urgency window manager hint
when Control-G is received. This corresponds to
the bellIsUrgent resource.
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Enable Pop on Bell (poponbell)
Enable (or disable) raising of the window when
Control-G is received. This corresponds to the
-pop option and the popOnBell resource.
Enable Blinking Cursor (cursorblink)
Enable (or disable) the blinking-cursor feature.
This corresponds to the -bc option and the cursor-
Blink resource. There is also an escape sequence
(see the document Xterm Control Sequences). The
menu entry and the escape sequence states are
XOR'd: if both are enabled, the cursor will not
blink, if only one is enabled, the cursor will
blink.
Enable Alternate Screen Switching (titeInhibit)
Enable (or disable) switching between the normal
and alternate screens. This corresponds to the
titeInhibit resource. There is no corresponding
command-line option.
Enable Active Icon (activeicon)
Enable (or disable) the active-icon feature. This
corresponds to the -ai option and the activeIcon
resource.
VT102/VT220 Commands:
Do Soft Reset (softreset)
Reset scroll regions. This can be convenient when
some program has left the scroll regions set
incorrectly (often a problem when using VMS or
TOPS-20). This corresponds to the VT220 DECSTR
control sequence.
Do Full Reset (hardreset)
The full reset entry will clear the screen, reset
tabs to every eight columns, and reset the termi-
nal modes (such as wrap and smooth scroll) to
their initial states just after xterm has finished
processing the command line options. This corre-
sponds to the VT102 RIS control sequence, with a
few obvious differences. For example, your ses-
sion is not disconnected as a real VT102 would do.
Reset and Clear Saved Lines (clearsavedlines)
Perform a full reset, and also clear the saved
lines.
Commands for setting the current screen:
Show Tek Window (tekshow)
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When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up
(makes it visible). When disabled, hides the Tek-
tronix 4014 window.
Switch to Tek Mode (tekmode)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window up if
it is not already visible, and switches the input
stream to that window. When disabled, hides the
Tektronix 4014 window and switches input back to
the VTxxx window.
Hide VT Window (vthide)
When enabled, hides the VTxxx window, shows the
Tektronix 4014 window if it was not already visi-
ble and switches the input stream to that window.
When disabled, shows the VTxxx window, and
switches the input stream to that window.
Show Alternate Screen (altscreen)
When enabled, shows the alternate screen. When
disabled, shows the normal screen. Note that the
normal screen may have saved lines; the alternate
screen does not.
VT Fonts
The fontMenu pops up when when the "control" key and pointer
button three are pressed in a window. It sets the font used
in the VT102 window, or modifies the way the font is speci-
fied or displayed. There are several sections.
The first section allows you to select the font from a set
of alternatives:
Default (fontdefault)
Set the font to the default, i.e., that given by
the *VT100.font resource.
Unreadable (font1)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font1
resource.
Tiny (font2)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font2
resource.
Small (font3)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font3
resource.
Medium (font4)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font4
resource.
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Large (font5)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font5
resource.
Huge (font6)
Set the font to that given by the *VT100.font6
resource.
Escape Sequence
This allows you to set the font last specified by
the Set Font escape sequence (see the document
Xterm Control Sequences).
Selection (fontsel)
This allows you to set the font specified the cur-
rent selection as a font name (if the PRIMARY
selection is owned).
The second section allows you to modify the way it is dis-
played:
Bold Fonts
This is normally checked (enabled). When
unchecked, xterm will not use bold fonts. The
setting corresponds to the allowBoldFonts
resource.
Line-Drawing Characters (font-linedrawing)
When set, tells xterm to draw its own line-drawing
characters. Otherwise it relies on the font con-
taining these. Compare to the forceBoxChars
resource.
Packed Font (font-packed)
When set, tells xterm to use the minimum glyph-
width from a font when displaying characters. Use
the maximum width (unchecked) to help display pro-
portional fonts. Compare to the forcePackedFont
resource.
Doublesized Characters (font-doublesize)
When set, xterm may ask the font server to produce
scaled versions of the normal font, for VT102 dou-
ble-size characters.
The third section allows you to modify the way it is speci-
fied:
TrueType Fonts (render-font)
If the renderFont and corresponding resources were
set, this is a further control whether xterm will
actually use the Xft library calls to obtain a
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font.
UTF-8 Encoding (utf8-mode)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 encoding of
input/output. It is useful for temporarily
switching xterm to display text from an applica-
tion which does not follow the locale settings.
It corresponds to the utf8 resource.
UTF-8 Fonts (utf8-fonts)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8 fonts for
display. It is useful for temporarily switching
xterm to display text from an application which
does not follow the locale settings. It combines
the utf8 and utf8Fonts resources.
UTF-8 Titles (utf8-titles)
This controls whether xterm accepts UTF-8 encoding
for title control sequences. It corresponds to
the utf8Fonts resource.
Initially the checkmark is set according to both
the utf8 and utf8Fonts resource values. If the
latter is set to "always", the checkmark is dis-
abled. Likewise, if there are no fonts given in
the utf8Fonts subresources, then the checkmark
also is disabled.
The standard XTerm app-defaults file defines both
sets of fonts, while the UXTerm app-defaults file
defines only one set. assuming the standard app-
defaults files, this command will launch xterm
able to switch between UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1
encoded fonts:
uxterm -class XTerm
The fourth section allows you to enable or disable special
operations which can be controlled by writing escape
sequences to the terminal. These are disabled if the SendE-
vents feature is enabled:
Allow Color Ops (allow-font-ops)
This corresponds to the allowColorOps resource.
Enable or disable control sequences that set/query
the colors.
Allow Font Ops (allow-font-ops)
This corresponds to the allowFontOps resource.
Enable or disable control sequences that set/query
the font.
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Allow Tcap Ops (allow-tcap-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that query the
terminal's notion of its function-key strings, as
termcap or terminfo capabilities. This corre-
sponds to the allowTcapOps resource.
Allow Title Ops (allow-title-ops)
Enable or disable control sequences that modify
the window title or icon name. This corresponds
to the allowTitleOps resource.
Allow Window Ops (allow-window-ops)
Enable or disable extended window control
sequences (as used in dtterm). This corresponds
to the allowWindowOps resource.
TEK Options
The tekMenu sets various modes in the Tektronix emulation,
and is popped up when the "control" key and pointer button
two are pressed in the Tektronix window. The current font
size is checked in the modes section of the menu.
Large Characters (tektextlarge)
#2 Size Characters (tektext2)
#3 Size Characters (tektext3)
Small Characters (tektextsmall)
Commands:
PAGE (tekpage)
Clear the Tektronix window.
RESET (tekreset)
COPY (tekcopy)
Windows:
Show VT Window (vtshow)
Switch to VT Mode (vtmode)
Hide Tek Window (tekhide)
SECURITY
X environments differ in their security consciousness. Most
servers, run under xdm, are capable of using a "magic
cookie" authorization scheme that can provide a reasonable
level of security for many people. If your server is only
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using a host-based mechanism to control access to the server
(see xhost(1)), then if you enable access for a host and
other users are also permitted to run clients on that same
host, it is possible that someone can run an application
which uses the basic services of the X protocol to snoop on
your activities, potentially capturing a transcript of
everything you type at the keyboard. Any process which has
access to your X display can manipulate it in ways that you
might not anticipate, even redirecting your keyboard to
itself and sending events to your application's windows.
This is true even with the "magic cookie" authorization
scheme. While the allowSendEvents provides some protection
against rogue applications tampering with your programs,
guarding against a snooper is harder.
The possibility of an application spying on your keystrokes
is of particular concern when you want to type in a password
or other sensitive data. The best solution to this problem
is to use a better authorization mechanism than is provided
by X. Given all of these caveats, a simple mechanism exists
for protecting keyboard input in xterm.
The xterm menu (see MENUS above) contains a Secure Keyboard
entry which, when enabled, attempts to ensure that all key-
board input is directed only to xterm (using the GrabKey-
board protocol request). When an application prompts you
for a password (or other sensitive data), you can enable
Secure Keyboard using the menu, type in the data, and then
disable Secure Keyboard using the menu again. This ensures
that you know which window is accepting your keystrokes. It
cannot ensure that there are no processes which have access
to your X display that might be observing the keystrokes as
well.
Only one X client at a time can grab the keyboard, so when
you attempt to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail. In this
case, the bell will sound. If the Secure Keyboard succeeds,
the foreground and background colors will be exchanged (as
if you selected the Reverse Video entry in the Modes menu);
they will be exchanged again when you exit secure mode. If
the colors do not switch, then you should be very suspicious
that you are being spoofed. If the application you are run-
ning displays a prompt before asking for the password, it is
safest to enter secure mode before the prompt gets dis-
played, and to make sure that the prompt gets displayed cor-
rectly (in the new colors), to minimize the probability of
spoofing. You can also bring up the menu again and make
sure that a check mark appears next to the entry.
Secure Keyboard mode will be disabled automatically if your
xterm window becomes iconified (or otherwise unmapped), or
if you start up a reparenting window manager (that places a
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title bar or other decoration around the window) while in
Secure Keyboard mode. (This is a feature of the X protocol
not easily overcome.) When this happens, the foreground and
background colors will be switched back and the bell will
sound in warning.
CHARACTER CLASSES
Clicking the left pointer button twice in rapid succession
(double-clicking) causes all characters of the same class
(e.g., letters, white space, punctuation) to be selected as
a "word". Since different people have different preferences
for what should be selected (for example, should filenames
be selected as a whole or only the separate subnames), the
default mapping can be overridden through the use of the
charClass (class CharClass) resource.
This resource is a series of comma-separated of range:value
pairs. The range is either a single number or low-high in
the range of 0 to 65535, corresponding to the code for the
character or characters to be set. The value is arbitrary,
although the default table uses the character number of the
first character occurring in the set. When not in UTF-8
mode, only the first 256 bytes of this table will be used.
The default table starts as follows -
static int charClass[256] = {
/* NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL */
32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* BS HT NL VT NP CR SO SI */
1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* SP ! " # $ % & ' */
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
/* ( ) * + , - . / */
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
/* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* 8 9 : ; < = > ? */
48, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
/* @ A B C D E F G */
64, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* H I J K L M N O */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* P Q R S T U V W */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ */
48, 48, 48, 91, 92, 93, 94, 48,
/* ` a b c d e f g */
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User Commands XTERM(1)
96, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* h i j k l m n o */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* p q r s t u v w */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* x y z { | } ~ DEL */
48, 48, 48, 123, 124, 125, 126, 1,
/* x80 x81 x82 x83 IND NEL SSA ESA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* HTS HTJ VTS PLD PLU RI SS2 SS3 */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DCS PU1 PU2 STS CCH MW SPA EPA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* x98 x99 x9A CSI ST OSC PM APC */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* - i c/ L ox Y- | So */
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
/* .. c0 ip << _ R0 - */
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
/* o +- 2 3 ' u q| . */
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
/* , 1 2 >> 1/4 1/2 3/4 ? */
184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
/* A` A' A^ A~ A: Ao AE C, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* E` E' E^ E: I` I' I^ I: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* D- N~ O` O' O^ O~ O: X */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 215,
/* O/ U` U' U^ U: Y' P B */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* a` a' a^ a~ a: ao ae c, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* e` e' e^ e: i` i' i^ i: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* d n~ o` o' o^ o~ o: -: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 247,
/* o/ u` u' u^ u: y' P y: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48};
For example, the string "33:48,37:48,45-47:48,38:48" indi-
cates that the exclamation mark, percent sign, dash, period,
slash, and ampersand characters should be treated the same
way as characters and numbers. This is useful for cutting
and pasting electronic mailing addresses and filenames.
ACTIONS
It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to
arbitrary strings for input, by changing the translations
resources for the vt100 or tek4014 widgets. Changing the
translations resource for events other than key and button
events is not expected, and will cause unpredictable
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User Commands XTERM(1)
behavior. The following actions are provided for use within
the vt100 or tek4014 translations resources:
allow-color-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowColorOps
resource and is also invoked by the allow-color-ops
entry in fontMenu.
allow-font-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowFontOps resource
and is also invoked by the allow-font-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-send-events(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowSendEvents
resource and is also invoked by the allowsends entry
in mainMenu.
allow-tcap-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTcapOps resource
and is also invoked by the allow-tcap-ops entry in
fontMenu.
allow-title-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowTitleOps
resource and is also invoked by the allow-title-ops
entry in fontMenu.
allow-window-ops(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowWindowOps
resource and is also invoked by the allow-window-ops
entry in fontMenu.
alt-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the eightBitInput
resource.
bell([percent])
This action rings the keyboard bell at the specified
percentage above or below the base volume.
clear-saved-lines()
This action does hard-reset() (see below) and also
clears the history of lines saved off the top of the
screen. It is also invoked from the clearsavedlines
entry in vtMenu. The effect is identical to a hard-
ware reset (RIS) control sequence.
copy-selection(destname [, ...])
This action puts the currently selected text into
all of the selections or cutbuffers specified by
destname. Unlike select-end, it does not send a
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mouse position or otherwise modify the internal
selection state.
create-menu(m/v/f/t)
This action creates one of the menus used by xterm,
if it has not been previously created. The parame-
ter values are the menu names: mainMenu, vtMenu,
fontMenu, tekMenu, respectively.
dabbrev-expand()
Expands the word before cursor by searching in the
preceding text on the screen and in the scrollback
buffer for words starting with that abbreviation.
Repeating dabbrev-expand() several times in sequence
searches for an alternative expansion by looking
farther back. Lack of more matches is signaled by a
beep(). Attempts to expand an empty word (i.e.,
when cursor is preceded by a space) yield succes-
sively all previous words. Consecutive identical
expansions are ignored. The word here is defined as
a sequence of non-whitespace characters. This fea-
ture partially emulates the behavior of "dynamic
abbreviation" expansion in Emacs (bound there to
M-/). Here is a resource setting for xterm which
will do the same thing:
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
Meta <KeyPress> /:dabbrev-expand()
deiconify()
Changes the window state back to normal, if it was
iconified.
delete-is-del()
This action toggles the state of the deleteIsDEL
resource.
dired-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and
release) by echoing the event's position (i.e.,
character line and column) in the following format:
^X ESC G <line+" "> <col+" ">
fullscreen()
Asks the window manager to change the window to
full-screen.
iconify()
Iconifies the window.
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hard-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region, tabs, win-
dow size, and cursor keys and clears the screen. It
is also invoked from the hardreset entry in vtMenu.
ignore()
This action ignores the event but checks for special
pointer position escape sequences.
insert()
This action inserts the character or string associ-
ated with the key that was pressed.
insert-eight-bit()
This action inserts an eight-bit (Meta) version of
the character or string associated with the key that
was pressed. This only applies to single-byte val-
ues. The exact action depends on the value of the
metaSendsEscape and the eightBitInput resources.
The metaSendsEscape resource is tested first.
The term "eight-bit" is misleading: xterm checks if
the key's value is less than 128. If so, xterm adds
128 to the value, setting its eighth bit. Otherwise
xterm sends an ESC byte before the key. In other
applications' documentation, that is referred to as
a "meta key".
insert-selection(sourcename [, ...])
This action inserts the string found in the selec-
tion or cutbuffer indicated by sourcename. Sources
are checked in the order given (case is significant)
until one is found. Commonly-used selections
include: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and CLIPBOARD. Cut
buffers are typically named CUT_BUFFER0 through
CUT_BUFFER7.
insert-seven-bit()
This action is a synonym for insert() The term
"seven-bit" is misleading: it only implies that
xterm does not try to add 128 to the key's value as
in insert-eight-bit().
interpret(control-sequence)
Interpret the given control sequence locally, i.e.,
without passing it to the host. This works by
inserting the control sequence at the front of the
input buffer. Use "\" to escape octal digits in the
string. Xt does not allow you to put a null charac-
ter (i.e., "\000") in the string.
keymap(name)
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This action dynamically defines a new translation
table whose resource name is name with the suffix
Keymap (case is significant). The name None
restores the original translation table.
larger-vt-font()
Set the font to the next larger one, based on the
font dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
load-vt-fonts(name[,class])
Load fontnames from the given subresource name and
class. That is, load the "*VT100.name.font",
resource as "*VT100.font" etc. If no name is given,
the original set of fontnames is restored.
Unlike set-vt-font(), this does not affect the
escape- and select-fonts, since those are not based
on resource values. It does affect the fonts
loosely organized under the "Default" menu entry,
including font, boldFont, wideFont and wideBoldFont.
maximize()
Resizes the window to fill the screen.
meta-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the metaSendsEscape
resource.
popup-menu(menuname)
This action displays the specified popup menu.
Valid names (case is significant) include: main-
Menu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and tekMenu.
print(printer-flags)
This action prints the window and is also invoked by
the print entry in mainMenu.
The action accepts optional parameters, which tempo-
rarily override resource settings. The parameter
values are matched ignoring case:
noFormFeed
no form feed will be sent at the end of the
last line printed (i.e., printerFormFeed is
``false'').
FormFeed
a form feed will be sent at the end of the last
line printed (i.e., printerFormFeed is
``true'').
noNewLine
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no newline will be sent at the end of the last
line printed, and wrapped lines will be com-
bined into long lines (i.e., printerNewLine is
``false'').
NewLine
a newline will be sent at the end of the last
line printed, and each line will be limited (by
adding a newline) to the screen width (i.e.,
printerNewLine is ``true'').
noAttrs
the page is printed without attributes (i.e.,
printAttributes is ``0'').
monoAttrs
the page is printed with monochrome (vt220)
attributes (i.e., printAttributes is ``1'').
colorAttrs
the page is printed with ANSI color attributes
(i.e., printAttributes is ``2'').
print-everything(printer-flags)
This action sends the entire text history, in addi-
tion to the text currently visible, to the program
given in the printerCommand resource. It allows the
same optional parameters as the print action. With
a suitable printer command, the action can be used
to load the text history in an editor.
print-immediate()
Sends the text of the current window directly to a
file, as specified by the printFileImmediate, print-
ModeImmediate and printOptsImmediate resources.
print-on-error()
Toggles a flag telling xterm that if it exits with
an X error, to send the text of the current window
directly to a file, as specified by the printFileX-
Error, printModeXError and printOptsXError
resources.
print-redir()
This action toggles the printerControlMode between 0
and 2. The corresponding popup menu entry is useful
for switching the printer off if you happen to
change your mind after deciding to print random
binary files on the terminal.
quit() This action sends a SIGHUP to the subprogram and
exits. It is also invoked by the quit entry in
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mainMenu.
readline-button()
Supports the optional readline feature by echoing
repeated cursor forward or backward control
sequences on button release event, to request that
the host application update its notion of the cur-
sor's position to match the button event.
redraw()
This action redraws the window and is also invoked
by the redraw entry in mainMenu.
restore()
Restores the window to the size before it was last
maximized.
scroll-back(count [,units [,mouse] ])
This action scrolls the text window backward so that
text that had previously scrolled off the top of the
screen is now visible.
The count argument indicates the number of units
(which may be page, halfpage, pixel, or line) by
which to scroll.
An adjustment can be specified for these values by
appending a "+" or "-" sign followed by a number,
e.g., page-2 to specify 2 lines less than a page.
If the third parameter mouse is given, the action is
ignored when mouse reporting is enabled.
scroll-forw(count [,units [,mouse] ])
This action is similar to scroll-back except that it
scrolls in the other direction.
secure()
This action toggles the Secure Keyboard mode
described in the section named SECURITY, and is
invoked from the securekbd entry in mainMenu.
scroll-lock(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles internal state which tells xterm
whether Scroll Lock is active, subject to the
allowScrollLock resource.
select-cursor-end(destname [, ...])
This action is similar to select-end except that it
should be used with select-cursor-start.
select-cursor-extend()
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This action is similar to select-extend except that
it should be used with select-cursor-start.
select-cursor-start()
This action is similar to select-start except that
it begins the selection at the current text cursor
position.
select-end(destname [, ...])
This action puts the currently selected text into
all of the selections or cutbuffers specified by
destname. It also sends a mouse position and
updates the internal selection state to reflect the
end of the selection process.
select-extend()
This action tracks the pointer and extends the
selection. It should only be bound to Motion
events.
select-set()
This action stores text that corresponds to the cur-
rent selection, without affecting the selection
mode.
select-start()
This action begins text selection at the current
pointer location. See the section on POINTER USAGE
for information on making selections.
send-signal(signame)
This action sends the signal named by signame to the
xterm subprocess (the shell or program specified
with the -e command line option) and is also invoked
by the suspend, continue, interrupt, hangup, termi-
nate, and kill entries in mainMenu. Allowable sig-
nal names are (case is not significant): tstp (if
supported by the operating system), suspend (same as
tstp), cont (if supported by the operating system),
int, hup, term, quit, alrm, alarm (same as alrm) and
kill.
set-8-bit-control(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the eightBitControl resource and
is also invoked from the 8-bit-control entry in
vtMenu.
set-allow132(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the c132 resource and is also
invoked from the allow132 entry in vtMenu.
set-altscreen(on/off/toggle)
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This action toggles between the alternate and cur-
rent screens.
set-appcursor(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling Application Cursor
Key mode and is also invoked by the appcursor entry
in vtMenu.
set-appkeypad(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling of Application Key-
pad mode and is also invoked by the appkeypad entry
in vtMenu.
set-autolinefeed(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic insertion of linefeeds
and is also invoked by the autolinefeed entry in
vtMenu.
set-autowrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic wrapping of long lines
and is also invoked by the autowrap entry in vtMenu.
set-backarrow(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the backarrowKey resource and is
also invoked from the backarrow key entry in vtMenu.
set-bellIsUrgent(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the bellIsUrgent resource and is
also invoked by the bellIsUrgent entry in vtMenu.
set-cursorblink(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the cursorBlink resource and is
also invoked from the cursorblink entry in vtMenu.
set-cursesemul(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the curses resource and is also
invoked from the cursesemul entry in vtMenu.
set-font-doublesize(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the fontDoublesize resource and
is also invoked by the font-doublesize entry in
fontMenu.
set-hp-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the hpFunctionKeys resource and
is also invoked by the hpFunctionKeys entry in main-
Menu.
set-jumpscroll(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the jumpscroll resource and is
also invoked by the jumpscroll entry in vtMenu.
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set-font-linedrawing(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the xterm's state regarding
whether the current font has line-drawing characters
and whether it should draw them directly. It is
also invoked by the font-linedrawing entry in font-
Menu.
set-font-packed(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the forcePackedFont's resource
which controls use of the font's minimum or maximum
glyph width. It is also invoked by the font-packed
entry in fontMenu.
set-keep-selection(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the keepSelection resource and
is also invoked by the keepSelection entry in
vtMenu.
set-logging()
This action toggles the state of the logging option.
set-old-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the state of legacy function
keys and is also invoked by the oldFunctionKeys
entry in mainMenu.
set-marginbell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the marginBell resource.
set-num-lock()
This action toggles the state of the numLock
resource.
set-pop-on-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the popOnBell resource and is
also invoked by the poponbell entry in vtMenu.
set-render-font(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the renderFont resource and is
also invoked by the render-font entry in fontMenu.
set-reverse-video(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseVideo resource and is
also invoked by the reversevideo entry in vtMenu.
set-reversewrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseWrap resource and is
also invoked by the reversewrap entry in vtMenu.
set-scroll-on-key(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollKey resource and is
also invoked from the scrollkey entry in vtMenu.
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set-scroll-on-tty-output(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollTtyOutput resource and
is also invoked from the scrollttyoutput entry in
vtMenu.
set-scrollbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollbar resource and is
also invoked by the scrollbar entry in vtMenu.
set-select(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the selectToClipboard resource
and is also invoked by the selectToClipboard entry
in vtMenu.
set-sco-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scoFunctionKeys resource and
is also invoked by the scoFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-sun-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunFunctionKeys resource and
is also invoked by the sunFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-sun-keyboard(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunKeyboard resource and is
also invoked by the sunKeyboard entry in mainMenu.
set-tek-text(large/2/3/small)
This action sets font used in the Tektronix window
to the value of the resources tektextlarge, tek-
text2, tektext3, and tektextsmall according to the
argument. It is also invoked by the entries of the
same names as the resources in tekMenu.
set-terminal-type(type)
This action directs output to either the vt or tek
windows, according to the type string. It is also
invoked by the tekmode entry in vtMenu and the
vtmode entry in tekMenu.
set-titeInhibit(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the titeInhibit resource, which
controls switching between the alternate and current
screens.
set-toolbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the toolbar feature and is also
invoked by the toolbar entry in mainMenu.
set-utf8-mode(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8 resource and is also
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invoked by the utf8-mode entry in fontMenu.
set-utf8-title(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8Title resource and is
also invoked by the utf8-title entry in fontMenu.
set-visibility(vt/tek,on/off/toggle)
This action controls whether or not the vt or tek
windows are visible. It is also invoked from the
tekshow and vthide entries in vtMenu and the vtshow
and tekhide entries in tekMenu.
set-visual-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the visualBell resource and is
also invoked by the visualbell entry in vtMenu.
set-vt-font(d/1/2/3/4/5/6/e/s [,normalfont [, boldfont]])
This action sets the font or fonts currently being
used in the VT102 window. The first argument is a
single character that specifies the font to be used:
d or D indicate the default font (the font initially
used when xterm was started),
1 through 6 indicate the fonts specified by the
font1 through font6 resources,
e or E indicate the normal and bold fonts that have
been set through escape codes (or specified as
the second and third action arguments, respec-
tively), and
s or S indicate the font selection (as made by pro-
grams such as xfontsel(1)) indicated by the
second action argument.
If xterm is configured to support wide characters,
an additional two optional parameters are recognized
for the e argument: wide font and wide bold font.
smaller-vt-font()
Set the font to the next smaller one, based on the
font dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
soft-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region and is also
invoked from the softreset entry in vtMenu. The
effect is identical to a soft reset (DECSTR) control
sequence.
spawn-new-terminal(params)
Spawn a new xterm process. This is available on
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systems which have a modern version of the process
filesystem, e.g., "/proc", which xterm can read.
Use the "cwd" process entry, e.g., /proc/12345/cwd
to obtain the working directory of the process which
is running in the current xterm.
On systems which have the "exe" process entry, e.g.,
/proc/12345/exe, use this to obtain the actual exe-
cutable. Otherwise, use the $PATH variable to find
xterm.
If parameters are given in the action, pass them to
the new xterm process.
start-extend()
This action is similar to select-start except that
the selection is extended to the current pointer
location.
start-cursor-extend()
This action is similar to select-extend except that
the selection is extended to the current text cursor
position.
string(string)
This action inserts the specified text string as if
it had been typed. Quotation is necessary if the
string contains whitespace or non-alphanumeric char-
acters. If the string argument begins with the
characters "0x", it is interpreted as a hex charac-
ter constant.
tek-copy()
This action copies the escape codes used to generate
the current window contents to a file in the current
directory beginning with the name COPY. It is also
invoked from the tekcopy entry in tekMenu.
tek-page()
This action clears the Tektronix window and is also
invoked by the tekpage entry in tekMenu.
tek-reset()
This action resets the Tektronix window and is also
invoked by the tekreset entry in tekMenu.
vi-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and
release) by echoing a control sequence computed from
the event's line number in the screen relative to
the current line:
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ESC ^P
or
ESC ^N
according to whether the event is before, or after
the current line, respectively. The ^N (or ^P) is
repeated once for each line that the event differs
from the current line. The control sequence is
omitted altogether if the button event is on the
current line.
visual-bell()
This action flashes the window quickly.
The Tektronix window also has the following action:
gin-press(l/L/m/M/r/R)
This action sends the indicated graphics input code.
The default bindings in the VT102 window use the SELECT
token, which is set by the selectToClipboard resource:
Shift <KeyPress> Prior:scroll-back(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Next:scroll-forw(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Select:select-cursor-start() \
select-cursor-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift <KeyPress> Insert:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Alt <Key>Return:fullscreen() \n\
<KeyRelease> Scroll_Lock:scroll-lock() \n\
Shift~Ctrl <KeyPress> KP_Add:larger-vt-font() \n\
Shift Ctrl <KeyPress> KP_Add:smaller-vt-font() \n\
Shift <KeyPress> KP_Subtract:smaller-vt-font() \n\
~Meta <KeyPress>:insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta <KeyPress>:insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>:popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
~Meta <Btn1Down>:select-start() \n\
~Meta <Btn1Motion>:select-extend() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>:popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn2Down>:ignore() \n\
Meta <Btn2Down>:clear-saved-lines() \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn2Up>:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
!Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn3Down>:popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta <Btn3Down>:start-extend() \n\
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~Meta <Btn3Motion>:select-extend() \n\
Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn4Down>:scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
<Btn4Down>:scroll-back(5,line,m) \n\
Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl <Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
<Btn5Down>:scroll-forw(5,line,m) \n\
<BtnUp>:select-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
<BtnDown>:ignore()
The default bindings for the scrollbar widget are separate
from the VT100 widget:
<Btn5Down>: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn1Down>: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn2Down>: StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<Btn3Down>: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn4Down>: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn2Motion>: MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<BtnUp>: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
The default bindings in the Tektronix window are:
~Meta<KeyPress>: insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta<KeyPress>: insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn1Down>: popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock <Btn2Down>: popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn1Down>: gin-press(L) \n\
~Meta<Btn1Down>: gin-press(l) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn2Down>: gin-press(M) \n\
~Meta<Btn2Down>: gin-press(m) \n\
Shift ~Meta<Btn3Down>: gin-press(R) \n\
~Meta<Btn3Down>: gin-press(r)
Here is an example which uses shifted select/paste to copy
to the clipboard, and unshifted select/paste for the primary
selection. In each case, a (different) cut buffer is also a
target or source of the select/paste operation. It is
important to remember however, that cut buffers store data
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User Commands XTERM(1)
in ISO-8859-1 encoding, while selections can store data in a
variety of formats and encodings. While xterm owns the
selection, it highlights it. When it loses the selection,
it removes the corresponding highlight. But you can still
paste from the corresponding cut buffer.
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
~Shift~Ctrl<Btn2Up>: insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift~Ctrl<Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1) \n\
~Shift<BtnUp>: select-end(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift<BtnUp>: select-end(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1)
Below is a sample how of the keymap() action is used to add
special keys for entering commonly-typed works:
*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>F13: keymap(dbx)
*VT100.dbxKeymap.translations: \
<Key>F14: keymap(None) \n\
<Key>F17: string("next") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F18: string("step") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F19: string("continue") string(0x0d) \n\
<Key>F20: string("print ") insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0)
Some people prefer using the left pointer button for drag-
ging the scrollbar thumb. That can be setup by altering the
translations resource, e.g.,
*VT100.scrollbar.translations:#override \n\
<Btn5Down>:StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn1Down>:StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<Btn4Down>:StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn1Motion>:MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<BtnUp>: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
CONTROL SEQUENCES AND KEYBOARD
The Xterm Control Sequences document lists the control
sequences which an application can send xterm to make it
perform various operations. Most of these operations are
standardized, from either the DEC or Tektronix terminals, or
from more widely used standards such as ISO-6429.
ENVIRONMENT
Xterm sets several environment variables:
DISPLAY
is the display name, pointing to the X server (see DIS-
PLAY NAMES in X(1)).
TERM is set according to the termcap (or terminfo) entry
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which it is using as a reference.
WINDOWID
is set to the X window id number of the xterm window.
XTERM_LOCALE
shows the locale which was used by xterm on startup.
Some shell initialization scripts may set a different
locale.
XTERM_SHELL
is set to the pathname of the program which is invoked.
Usually that is a shell program, e.g., /bin/sh. Since
it is not necessarily a shell program however, it is
distinct from "SHELL".
XTERM_VERSION
is set to the string displayed by the -version option.
That is normally an identifier for the X Window
libraries used to build xterm, followed by xterm's
patch number in parenthesis. The patch number is also
part of the response to a Secondary Device Attributes
(DA) control sequence (see Xterm Control Sequences).
Depending on your system configuration, xterm may also set
the following:
COLUMNS
the width of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty col-
umns").
HOME when xterm is configured to update utmp.
LINES
the height of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty
rows").
LOGNAME
when xterm is configured to update utmp.
SHELL
when xterm is configured to update utmp. It is also
set if you provide the shell name as the optional
parameter.
TERMCAP
the contents of the termcap entry corresponding to
$TERM, with lines and columns values substituted for
the actual size window you have created.
TERMINFO
may be defined to a nonstandard location in the
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configure script.
FILES
The actual pathnames given may differ on your system.
/etc/utmpx
the system logfile, which records user logins.
/etc/wtmpx
the system logfile, which records user logins and
logouts.
/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/XTerm
the xterm default application resources.
/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/XTerm-color
the xterm color application resources. If your display
supports color, use this
*customization: -color
in your .Xdefaults file to automatically use this
resource file rather than /usr/share/X11/app-
defaults/XTerm. If you do not do this, xterm uses its
compiled-in default resource settings for colors.
ERROR MESSAGES
Most of the fatal error messages from xterm use the follow-
ing format:
xterm: Error XXX, errno YYY: ZZZ
The XXX codes (which are used by xterm as its exit-code) are
listed below, with a brief explanation.
1 is used for miscellaneous errors, usually accompanied
by a specific message,
11 ERROR_FIONBIO
main: ioctl() failed on FIONBIO
12 ERROR_F_GETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_GETFL
13 ERROR_F_SETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_SETFL
14 ERROR_OPDEVTTY
spawn: open() failed on /dev/tty
15 ERROR_TIOCGETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCGETP
17 ERROR_PTSNAME
spawn: ptsname() failed
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18 ERROR_OPPTSNAME
spawn: open() failed on ptsname
19 ERROR_PTEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ptem"
20 ERROR_CONSEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"consem"
21 ERROR_LDTERM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ldterm"
22 ERROR_TTCOMPAT
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ttcompat"
23 ERROR_TIOCSETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETP
24 ERROR_TIOCSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETC
25 ERROR_TIOCSETD
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETD
26 ERROR_TIOCSLTC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSLTC
27 ERROR_TIOCLSET
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCLSET
28 ERROR_INIGROUPS
spawn: initgroups() failed
29 ERROR_FORK
spawn: fork() failed
30 ERROR_EXEC
spawn: exec() failed
32 ERROR_PTYS
get_pty: not enough ptys
34 ERROR_PTY_EXEC
waiting for initial map
35 ERROR_SETUID
spawn: setuid() failed
36 ERROR_INIT
spawn: can't initialize window
46 ERROR_TIOCKSET
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spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSET
47 ERROR_TIOCKSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSETC
49 ERROR_LUMALLOC
luit: command-line malloc failed
50 ERROR_SELECT
in_put: select() failed
54 ERROR_VINIT
VTInit: can't initialize window
57 ERROR_KMMALLOC1
HandleKeymapChange: malloc failed
60 ERROR_TSELECT
Tinput: select() failed
64 ERROR_TINIT
TekInit: can't initialize window
71 ERROR_BMALLOC2
SaltTextAway: malloc() failed
80 ERROR_LOGEXEC
StartLog: exec() failed
83 ERROR_XERROR
xerror: XError event
84 ERROR_XIOERROR
xioerror: X I/O error
85 ERROR_ICEERROR
ICE I/O error
90 ERROR_SCALLOC
Alloc: calloc() failed on base
91 ERROR_SCALLOC2
Alloc: calloc() failed on rows
102 ERROR_SAVE_PTR
ScrnPointers: malloc/realloc() failed
121 ERROR_MMALLOC
my_memmove: malloc/realloc failed
BUGS
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Large pastes do not work on some systems. This is not a bug
in xterm; it is a bug in the pseudo terminal driver of those
systems. xterm feeds large pastes to the pty only as fast
as the pty will accept data, but some pty drivers do not
return enough information to know if the write has suc-
ceeded.
Many of the options are not resettable after xterm starts.
This program still needs to be rewritten. It should be
split into very modular sections, with the various emulators
being completely separate widgets that do not know about
each other. Ideally, you'd like to be able to pick and
choose emulator widgets and stick them into a single control
widget.
There needs to be a dialog box to allow entry of the Tek
COPY file name.
SEE ALSO
resize(1), luit(1), uxterm(1), X(1), pty(4), tty(4)
Xterm Control Sequences (this is the file ctlseqs.ms).
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.html
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
AUTHORS
Far too many people, including:
Loretta Guarino Reid (DEC-UEG-WSL), Joel McCormack (DEC-UEG-
WSL), Terry Weissman (DEC-UEG-WSL), Edward Moy (Berkeley),
Ralph R. Swick (MIT-Athena), Mark Vandevoorde (MIT-Athena),
Bob McNamara (DEC-MAD), Jim Gettys (MIT-Athena), Bob Schei-
fler (MIT X Consortium), Doug Mink (SAO), Steve Pitschke
(Stellar), Ron Newman (MIT-Athena), Jim Fulton (MIT X Con-
sortium), Dave Serisky (HP), Jonathan Kamens (MIT-Athena),
Jason Bacon, Stephen P. Wall, David Wexelblat, and Thomas
Dickey (invisible-island.net).
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Availability |terminal/xterm |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Interface Stability |Committed |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
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