beadm - manage ZFS boot environments
beadm create [-a] [-d description]
[-e non-activeBeFmri | BeFmri@snapshot]
[-o property=value] ... BeFmri
beadm create BeFmri@snapshot
beadm destroy [-fF] {BeFmri | BeFmriPattern}... | BeFmri@snapshot ...
beadm destroy [-fF] -O
beadm list [[[-a | -ds] [-Z]] | [-o attr[,attr]...]...] [-H]
[{BeFmri| BeFmriPattern}...]
beadm list -z zonename [-z zonename]...
[[-a | -ds] | [-o attr[,attr]...]...] [-H]
beadm mount [-b] BeFmri mountpoint
beadm unmount [-f] BeFmri
beadm rename BeFmri newBeFmri
beadm set-policy {-n [-]policy [-n
[-]policy2] ...} BeFmri [BeFmri2 .
beadm activate BeFmri
The beadm command is the user interface for managing ZFS Boot Environments (BEs). This utility is intended to be used by system administrators who want to manage multiple Oracle Solaris instances on a single system. Users identify BEs that are to be managed by using BeFmris. For more information on BeFmris, see the fmri(7) man page.
Using beadm, you can do the following:
Create a new BE, based on the active BE.
Create a new BE, based on an inactive BE.
Create a snapshot of an existing BE.
Create a new BE, based on an existing snapshot.
Activate an existing, inactive BE.
Mount a BE.
Unmount a BE.
Destroy a BE.
Destroy a snapshot of a BE.
Rename an existing, inactive BE.
Set policy attributes on a set of BEs.
Display information about your snapshots, datasets, and non-global zone BEs.
The beadm command has the subcommands and options listed below. Usage of many of these subcommands and options is illustrated in EXAMPLES, below.
Displays command usage.
Creates a new boot environment named BeFmri. If the –e option is not provided, the new boot environment will be created as a clone of the currently running boot environment. If the –d option is provided, then the description is also used as the title for the BE's entry in the GRUB menu for x86 systems or in the boot menu for SPARC systems. If the –d option is not provided, beName will be used as the title. Also, non-bootable BEs and snapshots of non-bootable BEs cannot be specified by using the –e option.
Activate the newly created BE upon creation. The default is to not activate the newly created BE.
Create a new BE with a description associated with it.
Create a new BE from an existing inactive BE that resides in the same zpool as the new BE. Copying BE across zpools is not allowed. In a zone BE, only bootable BEs can be used with this option.
Create a new BE from an existing snapshot of the BE named beFmri. In a zone BE, only snapshots of bootable BEs can be used with this option.
Create the datasets for a new BE with specific ZFS properties. Multiple –o options can be specified. See zfs(8) for more information on the –o option.
Creates a snapshot of the existing BE named BeFmri. Inside a zone BE, only bootable BEs can be snapshotted.
Destroys one or more existing boot environments or snapshots of existing boot environments that match the provided BeFmri or BeFmriPattern.
The BeFmriPattern allows users to include the ? and * characters as glob(3C)-style wildcards in the BE name or zbe-name field of the BeFmri to match one or more BEs. The ? and * characters are not allowed in the zpool field and the zonename field of the BeFmri.
Destroying a boot environment will also destroy all snapshots of that boot environment. Use this command with caution.
When executing from the global zone and the specified BeFmri or BeFmriPattern refers to a non-global zone BE, only non-global zone BEs that are not marked as active on reboot can be destroyed.
When executing inside of a zone BE, only BEs that are bootable or BEs that are not bootable but are not marked as active on reboot can be destroyed.
Forcefully unmounts the boot environment if it is currently mounted.
Force the action without prompting to verify the destruction of the boot environment.
Destroy all orphaned boot environments. This option can only be used from inside the Solaris branded zone.
Lists information about existing boot environments that match the specified BeFmri or BeFmriPattern. If a BeFmri or BeFmriPattern is not provided, only information for all boot environments in the zpool of the currently running BE are listed. To display BEs in zpools not containing the currently running BE, specify the BeFmriPattern be://<zpool_name>/*.
The Flags field indicates whether the boot environment is active now, represented by N; active on reboot, represented by R; or both, represented by NR. Unbootable global zone BEs are represented by an exclamation point (!). In such BEs the ZFS pool version that they support is lower than the pool version of the boot pool. Unbootable BEs inside of a zone BE are represented by an exclamation point (!). In such zones, the ! flag means that boot environment's boot artifacts are not resident on the boot pool and, therefore, that BE is NOT directly bootable. (To transfer a BE's boot artifacts to the boot pool, either make the BE activate with the activate subcommand, or change the BE's policy to noevict with the set-policy subcommand). Zone boot environments that have no corresponding global zone boot environment are represented by an O, indicating they are orphaned.
Lists all available information about the boot environment. This includes subordinate file systems and snapshots.
Lists information about all subordinate file systems belonging to the boot environment.
Lists information about the snapshots of the boot environment.
Lists all zone BEs associated with the global zone BE. This option is valid only while running in the global zone.
Displays the specified attributes, sorted according to the values of the first attribute listed. The –o option can be specified multiple times, or multiple attributes can be specified as the argument to one -o option by separating the attribute names with commas.
The –o option can be specified alone for displaying attributes in a tabular format. It can also be specified together with the –H option for semicolon-delimited parsable output.
If an attribute has multiple values and the –H option is not specified, each value will be displayed in a separate row under its own column heading. If a multi-value attribute is specified together with attributes that have a single value, data of the single-value attribute will only be displayed once under it's own column heading.
If an attribute has multiple values, and both the –o and –H option are specified, multiple values are combined into a single string with colon as the delimiter.
The attributes specified must be one of the attributes below. Attribute names are case-insensitive.
BE's creation timestamp.
Lists all subordinate filesystems belonging to the boot environment. This attribute can contain multiple values.
Displays the same information as the Flags field described above.
FMRI of the BE.
Mountpoint for the BE, if mounted. If the BE is not mounted, this will be blank.
Name of the BE.
FMRIs of all non-global zone BEs associated with the global zone BE. This field is only applicable for global zone BEs. It will be blank for non-global zone BEs. This attribute can contain multiple values.
FMRI of a non-global zone BE's parent BE. This field is only applicable for non-global zone BEs. It will be blank for global zone BEs.
UUID of a non-global zone BE's parent BE. This field is only applicable for non-global zone BEs. It will be blank for global zone BEs.
BE's policy.
The maximum pool version supported by this BE if known. If unknown, a '-' is displayed. The pool_version property is cleared when a BE is mounted read-write and updated when a BE is unmounted so it is unknown when any non active BE is mounted read-write.
ZFS filesystem name of the root dataset for the BE.
Lists all ZFS snapshots belonging to the boot environment. This attribute can contain multiple values.
Total size of the BE.
UUID for the BE. This field will be blank for non-global zone BEs.
Name of the zpool the BE resides on.
Request machine parsable output. The output format is a list of lines with semicolon-delimited fields. The space field is displayed in bytes and the created field is displayed in UTC format.
If no option is specified, one line with the following fields is displayed for each boot environment. When running in the global zone, the uuid field is the uuid of the BE, if applicable. This field will be blank if it does not have a value. When running in a non-global zone BE, the uuid field represents the associated parent BE's uuid.
be-name;uuid;flags;mountpoint;space;policy;created
If the –a, –d, or –s option is specified, one or more of the following lines are displayed for each boot environment. fs_name is either a ZFS filesystem name or a ZFS snapshot name, depending on whether the –d or the –s option is specified.
be-name;fs_name;flags;mountpoint;space;policy;created
If the –Z option is specified, one or more lines with the following fields are displayed for each non-global zone BE. be-name is name of the global zone BE associated with the non-global zone BE. All other fields are attributes of the non-global zone BE.
be-name;ngz-be-fmri;flags;mountpoint;space;created
If the –o option is specified, values for specified attributes are displayed as lines with semicolon-delimited fields.
Lists information about all zone BEs in the given zones. This command is only valid when executing from the global zone. The specified zonename must be defined in the currently running global boot environment.
Lists all available information about each zone boot environment. This includes subordinate file systems and snapshots.
Lists information about all subordinate file systems belonging to each zone boot environment.
Lists information about the snapshots of each zone boot environment.
Lists information about the specified attributes of each zone boot environment, sorted according to the values of the first attribute listed. The –o option can be specified multiple times, or multiple attributes can be specified as the argument to one –o option by separating the attribute names with commas. See above for the list of valid attribute names.
Does not list header information. Each field in the list information is separated by a semicolon.
If no option is specified, one line with following fields are displayed for each zone boot environment:
zbe_fmri;parent_fmri;flags;mountpoint;space;created
If the –a, –d, or –s option is specified, one or more of the following lines are displayed for each zone boot environment:
zbe_fmri;parent_fmri;fs_name;flags;mountpoint;space;created
If the –o option is specified, the specified attributes are displayed as lines with semicolon-delimited fields.
Lists all zone BEs in the given zone. To list zone BEs in more than one zone, specify multiple –z options.
Mounts a boot environment named BeFmri at mountpoint. mountpoint must be an already existing empty directory.
If the –b argument is included on the command-line and if there is an active boot pool dataset associated with the specified BE, that boot pool dataset will be mounted under <mountpoint>/bootpool_data. This directory will be automatically created when the dataset is mounted, and automatically removed when the BE is unmounted with the beadm unmount subcommand. Note that unmounting the BE through another mechanism will NOT clean up this created directory.
Unmounts a boot environment named BeFmri.
Forcefully unmount the boot environment even if it is currently busy.
Renames the boot environment named BeFmri to newBeFmri. In a zone BE, only bootable BEs can be renamed.
Sets (or unsets) the specified set of policies for the specified list of boot environments. Multiple –n arguments are permitted. The policy string specified with –n may begin with a hyphen. If the policy begins with a hyphen, that policy is removed from the specified list of boot environments. The current set of supported policies are:
The associated boot environment in the root pool is managed manually and the companion bootable dataset in the boot pool (if an active boot pool exist) is managed by the system).
The associated boot environment was created by the system automatic update service svc:/system/auto-update:default and is subject to automatic removal by the svc:/system/auto-update:cleanup instance based on the config/keep property.
To opt an auto-update boot evnironment out of automatic removal and allow it to be preserved and managed manually set the policy to static.
The auto policy cannot be set with beadm, it is only set when the boot environment is created by the auto update service.
Same as the static policy for the boot environment's root pool dataset, but the companion bootable dataset in the boot pool (if an active boot pool exists) is created (if it does not already exist) and is never removed, even if the lack of available boot pool space prevents another boot environment's companion bootable dataset from being transferred to the boot pool. NOTE that the boot pool will not be allowed to exceed 85% of its maximum capacity to ensure maximum system performance.
Makes BE specified by BeFmri as the active BE on next reboot. In a zone BE, only bootable BEs can be activated.
beadm supports the concept of a zone BE, specifically, as it pertains to BEs for non-global zones. beadm can manage zone BEs from the global zone BEs or from inside of a non-global zone.
From the global zone, all beadm commands and options can be used for managing zone BEs. Zone BEs must be specified from the global zone with a BE FMRI specifying both the zonename and the zone BE name.
beadm functions inside of a non-global zone much the same as it does from the global zone, with a few exceptions. There is a distinction made for any given zone BE (or snapshot of a BE) to determine if it is bootable or not bootable. A zone BE is bootable if it is associated (that is, shares the same parent id as the active global zone BE's UUID) with the currently active global zone BE. It is unbootable and marked with an '!' in the active column in beadm list) otherwise. Note that, while the non-global zone administrator could mark such a BE as active by means of beadm activate, rebooting the non-global zone would not result in the BE being loaded, because the BE is associated with a non-active global zone BE. A zone BE is considered orphaned if it is associated with a global zone boot environment that does not exist in this system, likely due to zone migration. Based on these conditions, beadm restricts some actions on unbootable BEs thusly:
You cannot destroy a zone BE that is both unbootable and marked as active on reboot, unless the unbootable zone BE is also orphaned.
You cannot activate an unbootable BE.
You cannot snapshot an unbootable BE.
You cannot use an unbootable BE or BE snapshot with the –e option to beadm create.
You cannot rename an unbootable BE.
The following command creates a new BE, BE1, by cloning the current BE.
# beadm create BE1Example 2 Creating a New BE Using Inactive BE
The following command creates a new BE, BE2, by cloning the existing inactive BE named BE1.
# beadm create -e BE1 BE2Example 3 Creating a Snapshot of Existing BE
The following command creates a snapshot named now of the existing BE named BE1.
# beadm create BE1@nowExample 4 Cloning a Snapshot to Create a New BE
The following command creates a new BE named BE3, by cloning an existing snapshot of BE1.
# beadm create -e BE1@now BE3Example 5 Creating a New zone BE
The following command creates a new zone BE named ZBE1 based on the currently running zone BE for zone1.
# beadm create zbe://zone1/ZBE1Example 6 Creating a New BE with Compression Enabled
The following command creates a new BE named BE5, based on the currently running BE. The command creates the new BE's datasets with compression turned on.
# beadm create -o compression=on BE5Example 7 Creating a New BE and Providing a Description
The following command creates a new BE named BE6, based on the currently running BE, and provides a description for it.
# beadm create -d "BE6 used as test environment" BE6Example 8 Activating a BE
The following command activates an existing, inactive BE named BE3.
# beadm activate BE3Example 9 Mounting a BE
The following command mounts the BE named BE3 at /mnt.
# beadm mount BE3 /mntExample 10 Unmounting a BE
The following command unmounts the BE named BE3.
# beadm unmount BE3Example 11 Destroying a BE
The following command destroys the BE named BE3 without asking for confirmation.
# beadm destroy -F BE3Example 12 Destroying a Snapshot
The following command destroys the snapshot named now of BE1.
# beadm destroy BE1@nowExample 13 Renaming a BE
The following command renames the existing, inactive BE named BE1 to BE3.
# beadm rename BE1 BE3Example 14 Listing All BEs
The following command lists all existing BEs.
# beadm list BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created ----------- ----- ---------- ------- ----------- ---------------- 11.4.15.4.0 - - 1.83G auto,static 2019-10-02 02:37 11.4.16.4.0 N / 211.10M auto,static 2019-11-04 02:21 11.4.17.4.0 R - 8.08G auto,static 2019-12-17 02:40 app-upgrade - - 58.33M static 2019-11-11 14:38Example 15 Listing All BEs with Dataset and Snapshot Info
The following command lists all existing BEs and list all dataset and snapshot information about those boot environments.
# beadm list -d -s
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-------------- ----- ---------- ------- ------ ----------------
BE1 - - 5.27M static 2015-10-16 10:45
In-BE Datasets Mountpoint Space Created
------------------ ---------- ------- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE1 - 5.27M 2015-10-16 10:45
rpool/ROOT/BE1/var - 392.50K 2015-10-16 10:45
Snapshots Space Created
--------- ----- -------
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-------------- ----- ---------- ------- ------ ----------------
BE2 NR / 4.37G static 2015-10-19 07:04
In-BE Datasets Mountpoint Space Created
------------------ ---------- ----- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE2 / 4.11G 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var /var 1.85G 2015-10-19 07:04
Snapshots Space Created
-------------------------------------- ------- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-16-17:45:07 48.33M 2015-10-16 10:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-16-16:45:00 47.58M 2015-10-16 09:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-20-05:59:31 55.82M 2015-10-20 05:59
rpool/ROOT/BE2@install 47.80M 2015-10-16 08:37
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-19-07:04:08 71.54M 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-16-17:45:07 360.38M 2015-10-16 10:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-16-16:45:00 1.12M 2015-10-16 09:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-20-05:59:31 963.00K 2015-10-20 05:59
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-19-07:04:08 1.13M 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@install 1.22M 2015-10-16 08:37
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-------------- ----- ---------- ------- ------ ----------------
BE3 - - 2.00K static 2015-10-20 05:59
In-BE Datasets Mountpoint Space Created
------------------ ---------- ----- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE3 - 2.00K 2015-10-20 05:59
rpool/ROOT/BE3/var - 1.00K 2015-10-20 05:59
Snapshots Space Created
--------- ----- -------
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
-------------- ----- ---------- ------- ------ ----------------
solaris - - 64.61M static 2015-10-16 08:34
In-BE Datasets Mountpoint Space Created
---------------------- ---------- ------ ----------------
rpool/ROOT/solaris - 64.61M 2015-10-16 08:34
rpool/ROOT/solaris/var - 3.27M 2015-10-16 08:34
Snapshots Space Created
--------- ----- -------
Example 16 Listing Dataset and Snapshot Info for a BE
The following command lists all information about BE2.
# beadm list -a BE2
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
------- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ----------------
BE2 NR / 4.37G static 2015-10-19 07:04
Details:
--------
Zpool.......... rpool
UUID........... 34ee56de-24fb-4765-a935-afb71dab2850
FMRI........... be://rpool/BE2
Root Dataset... rpool/ROOT/BE2
In-BE Datasets Mountpoint Space Created
------------------ ---------- ----- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE2 / 4.11G 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var /var 1.85G 2015-10-19 07:04
Snapshots Space Created
-------------------------------------- ------- ----------------
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-16-17:45:07 48.33M 2015-10-16 10:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-16-16:45:00 47.58M 2015-10-16 09:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-20-05:59:31 55.82M 2015-10-20 05:59
rpool/ROOT/BE2@install 47.80M 2015-10-16 08:37
rpool/ROOT/BE2@2015-10-19-07:04:08 71.54M 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-16-17:45:07 360.38M 2015-10-16 10:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-16-16:45:00 1.12M 2015-10-16 09:45
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-20-05:59:31 963.00K 2015-10-20 05:59
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@2015-10-19-07:04:08 1.13M 2015-10-19 07:04
rpool/ROOT/BE2/var@install 1.22M 2015-10-16 08:37
Example 17 Listing in Machine-Parseable Format
The following command lists information about all BEs in machine-parseable format.
# beadm list -H BE1;73425d63-27d3-47b4-88ef-ee019ca325c2;-;-;5528064;static;1445017508 BE2;34ee56de-24fb-4765-a935-afb71dab2850;NR;/;4693830144;static;1445263448 BE3;356b3e5c-dae2-4d84-914c-f7eed84fa0c4;-;-;2048;static;1445345971 solaris;83d3ee87-62da-4eec-bfa0-b964ff27c01d;-;-;67743744;static;1445009664Example 18 Listing in zone BEs Associated with a Specified Global Zone BE
The following command lists all zone BEs belonging to the BE2. This command is run from the global zone.
# beadm list -Z BE2
BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created
------- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ----------------
BE2 NR / 4.37G static 2015-10-19 07:04
Non-global Zone BE Names Flags Mountpoint Space
------------------------- ----- ------------------------ -------
zbe://zone1/solaris N /system/zones/zone1/root 1.04M
zbe://zone1/zbe2 - - 2.00K
zbe://zone1/zbe1 R - 17.10M
zbe://zone2/solaris NR /system/zones/zone2/root 803.80M
zbe://zone4/solaris NR /system/zones/zone4/root 803.87M
zbe://zone3/solaris NR /system/zones/zone3/root 803.84M
Example 19 Listing in zone BEs in a zone
The following command lists all zone BEs in zone1. This command is run from the global zone.
# beadm list -z zone1 Non-global Zone BE Names Parent BE Flags Mountpoint Space ------------------------- ------------- ----- ------------------------ ------- zbe://zone1/BE10 - RO - 705.10M zbe://zone1/BE3 be://rpool/BE3 R - 803.73M zbe://zone1/solaris be://rpool/BE2 N /system/zones/zone1/root 1.04M zbe://zone1/zbe1 be://rpool/BE2 R - 17.10M zbe://zone1/zbe2 be://rpool/BE2 - - 2.00KExample 20 Displaying Non-bootable BEs in zone BE
This command is executed in zbe:/zone1/solaris. It lists both bootable and non-bootable BEs. Non-bootable BEs are designated with an exclamation point (!) in the active column. Orphaned BEs include an O in the active column.
# beadm list BE Name Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created ------- ----- ---------- ------- ------ ---------------- BE10 !RO - 705.10M static 2015-10-21 05:00 BE3 !R - 803.73M static 2015-10-20 05:59 solaris N / 1.04M static 2015-10-19 14:47 zbe1 R - 17.10M static 2015-10-20 07:25 zbe2 - - 2.00K static 2015-10-20 07:25Example 21 Setting policy flags for a set of boot environments
The following command sets the noevict attribute for BEs named BE1, BE2, and BE3 (and transfers boot artifacts from BE1, BE2, and BE3 to the boot pool):
# beadm set-policy -n noevict BE1 BE2 BE3 # beadm list BE Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created -- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------- BE1 - - 6.13M noevict,static 2014-10-20 09:14 BE2 NR / 52.86M noevict,static 2014-10-21 04:33 BE3 - - 559.0K noevict,static 2014-10-22 01:59 BE4 !- - 313.1M static 2014-10-22 04:19
The following command clears the noevict attribute (by setting the list of attributes to a value that does not include it):
# beadm set-policy -n -noevict BE2 # beadm list BE Flags Mountpoint Space Policy Created -- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------- BE1 - - 6.13M noevict,static 2014-10-20 09:14 BE2 NR / 52.86M static 2014-10-21 04:33 BE3 - - 559.0K noevict,static 2014-10-22 01:59 BE4 !- - 313.1M static 2014-10-22 04:19Example 22 Listing Specified Attributes of all BEs
The following command lists the BE name, creation date, and root dataset attributes of all BEs.
# beadm list -o name,created,root_dataset BE Name Created Root Dataset -------------- ---------------- -------------- BE1 2015-10-16 10:45 rpool/ROOT/BE1 BE2 2015-10-19 07:04 rpool/ROOT/BE2 BE3 2015-10-20 05:59 rpool/ROOT/BE3 solaris 2015-10-16 08:34 rpool/ROOT/solarisExample 23 Listing Specified Attributes for a few BEs
The following command lists the BE name, subordinate filesystems, and creation date for all BEs that match the BeFmriPattern.
# beadm list -o name,datasets,created be://rpool/BE* BE Name Datasets Created -------------- ---------------- -------------- BE1 rpool/ROOT/BE1 2015-10-16 10:45 rpool/ROOT/BE1/var rpool/ROOT/BE1/my_fs BE2 rpool/ROOT/BE2 2015-10-19 07:04 rpool/ROOT/BE2/var BE3 rpool/ROOT/BE3 2015-10-20 05:59 rpool/ROOT/BE3/varExample 24 Listing Specified Attributes
The following command lists the BE name, flags, mountpoint, policy and creation date for all BEs. These are attributes included in the default beadm list output. The Space attribute usually included is not specified here. Explicitly not including the Space attribute might be useful on system with a large number of zones, because computing the size for each BE on such systems takes longer, which results in the beadm list command being slower.
# beadm list -o name,flags,mountpoint,policy,created BE Name Flags Mountpoint Policy Created ---------------- ----- ---------- ------ ---------------- BE1 - - static 2016-09-06 10:15 BE2 - - static 2016-09-06 11:38 BE3 - - static 2016-09-14 15:24 solaris - - static 2010-09-01 12:32
Success.
Failure.
Log used for capturing beadm debugging output. A log file is created in one of the following 3 locations for each command invocation.
/var/share/beadm: This is the preferred location if it is available and the user has write permission to this directory.
/system/volatile/beadm: This directory is used if the /var/share dataset is not mounted yet.
/tmp/beadm: This directory is used if the user does not have permission to write to the previous 2 directories.
The time designation portion of the file name is explained as follows:
yyyymmdd_hhmmss — for example, 20071130_140558.
yyyy — year, 2007
mm — month, 11
dd — day, 30
hh — hour, 14
mm — minute, 05
ss — second, 58
If the command is successful, the log file is automatically removed. If the command fails, the error message will include the full path to the log file. It is the responsibility of the user to remove the log file.
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
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