perlos390
(1)
名前
perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and
z/OS
形式
This document will help you Configure, build, test and
install Perl on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.
説明
Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLOS390(1)
NAME
README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and
z/OS
SYNOPSIS
This document will help you Configure, build, test and
install Perl on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.
DESCRIPTION
This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3,
5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or
releases, but those are the ones we've tested it on.
You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks
before running the Configure script for Perl.
Tools
The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and
contains links to ports of much of the software helpful for
building Perl.
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary
format.
Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html
to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:
pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar
or
zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r
If you get lots of errors of the form
tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted.
you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of
pax, you'll first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl
directory
rm -rf perl-...
and then use pax.
Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including
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any necessary parser template files. If you have not already
done so then be sure to:
cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc
This may also be a good time to ensure that your
/etc/protocol file and either your /etc/resolv.conf or
/etc/hosts files are in place. The IBM document that
described such USS system setup issues was SC28-1890-07
"OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular
Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell.
GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of
perl (as well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is
available from the "Tools".
Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!"
errors while trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries.
If you encounter such trouble then try to download the
source code kit and build GNU make from source to eliminate
any such trouble. You might also find GNU make (as well as
Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software
for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.
If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use
the system supplied make program then be sure to install the
default rules file properly via the shell command:
cp /samples/startup.mk /etc
and be sure to also set the environment variable
_C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea
for users of GNU make).
You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed
before running the "make install" step for Perl.
There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h
header file that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and
possibly V2R9. The problem with the header file is that
near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant there is a
spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so:
#define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port
reuse */ /
You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/',
or you might note that Language Environment (LE) APAR
PQ39997 describes the problem and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271
are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. If left
unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability
for Perl to build its "Socket" extension.
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For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky
bit for your world readable /tmp directory if you have not
already done so (see man chmod).
Configure Perl on OS/390
Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure"
(see INSTALL for a full discussion of the Configure
options). There is a "hints" file for os390 that specifies
the correct values for most things. Some things to watch
out for include:
o A message of the form:
(I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)
is nothing to worry about at all.
o Some of the parser default template files in /samples
are needed in /etc. In particular be sure that you at
least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc before running
Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful
extraction of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as
perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. This has to be done
before running Configure the first time. If you failed
to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to
delete your misconfigured build root and re-extract the
source from the tar ball. Then you must ensure that
/etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before attempting to
re-run Configure.
o This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not
selected by default. If you would like to experiment
with dynamic loading then be sure to specify -Dusedl in
the arguments to the Configure script. See the comments
in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic
loading. If you build with dynamic loading then you
will need to add the $archlibexp/CORE directory to your
LIBPATH environment variable in order for perl to work.
See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. If
in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar
to:
CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at
then your LIBPATH does not have the location of
libperl.x and either libperl.dll or libperl.so in it.
Add that directory to your LIBPATH and proceed.
o Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O".
There is a bug in either the optimizer or perl that
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causes perl to not work correctly when the optimizer is
on.
o Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
names. In particular, make sure that there's either an
/etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
/etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
/etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). You may
have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN
in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order
to properly set up your /etc networking files.
Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
Simply put:
sh Configure
make
make test
if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP
diagnosis) then:
make install
this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges
depending on how you answered the questions that Configure
asked and whether or not you have write access to the
directories you specified.
Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
"Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most
often fixed by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390
from a source code kit.
Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE
parameter in your 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note
too that as of V2R8 address space limits can be set on a per
user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF profile). People
have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE
parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to
build Perl with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).
Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit
your ulimit settings. Check that the following command
returns reasonable values:
ulimit -a
To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules
loaded into the Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a
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link list or step lib.
If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the
build of the Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax
error in the system header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.
Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure,
usually before installation. You might encounter STDERR
messages even during a successful run of "make test". Here
is a guide to some of the more commonly seen anomalies:
o A message of the form:
io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
ok
indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has
passed but done so with extraneous messages on stderr
from CEE.
o A message of the form:
lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
(sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
ok
indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp
directory within the HFS. To correct that problem issue
the command:
chmod a+t /tmp
from an account with write access to the directory entry
for /tmp.
o Out of Memory!
Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In
addition to the comments above on memory limitations it
is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS in your
environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C
#pragma to set CEE run options, but the environment
variable wins.
The C code asks for:
#pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))
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The important parts of that are the second argument (the
increment) to HEAP, and allowing the stack to be "Above
the (16M) line". If the heap increment is too small then
when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries to
create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single
segment and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is
still plenty of memory available.
A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc
uses "sbrk()" to get memory, and "sbrk()" is limited to
the first allocation so in this case something like:
HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)
is needed to get through the test suite.
Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will
be fewer errors if you have a roff utility installed. You
can obtain GNU groff from the Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.
Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the
EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different. See
perlebcdic.pod for more on such character set issues. Perl
builtin functions that may behave differently under EBCDIC
are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does
support #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF
available from IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel
support for #!. USS releases prior to V2R7 did not support
the #! means of script invocation. If you are running V2R6
or earlier then see:
head `whence perldoc`
for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask
the shell to have Perl run your scripts on those older
releases of Unix System Services.
If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider
switching your rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older
3270 emulators and ISHELL for working with Perl on USS.
Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
There appears to be a bug in the floating point
implementation on S/390 systems such that calling int() on
the product of a number and a small magnitude number is not
the same as calling int() on the quotient of that number and
a large magnitude number. For example, in the following
Perl code:
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my $x = 100000.0;
my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000'
print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000
Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the
same and equal to 100000 they will differ and instead will
be 0 and 100000 respectively.
The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent
C program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
main()
{
double r1,r2;
double x = 100000.0;
double y = 0.0;
double z = 0.0;
x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
r1 = modf (x,&y);
x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
r2 = modf (x,&z);
printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5);
/* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
}
Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the
usual:
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that
would also be the way to build xs based extensions.
However, if you built perl with the default static linking
you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 but you
will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
for building statically linked perl binaries. In the
simplest configurations building a static perl + xs
extension boils down to:
perl Makefile.PL
make
make perl
make test
make install
make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl
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In most cases people have reported better results with GNU
make rather than the system's /bin/make program, whether for
plain modules or for xs based extensions.
If the make process encounters trouble with either
compilation or linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to
1. Assuming sh is your login shell then run:
export _C89_CCMODE=1
If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.
AUTHORS
David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis
Longnecker and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR
and PTF feedback. Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow
for SG24-5944-00. Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out
the floating point problems. Thanks to John Goodyear for
dynamic loading help.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
+---------------+------------------+
|ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+---------------+------------------+
|Availability | runtime/perl-512 |
+---------------+------------------+
|Stability | Uncommitted |
+---------------+------------------+
SEE ALSO
INSTALL, perlport, perlebcdic, ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG245944.html
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc
http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/
http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/
Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as
OS/390) and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the
perl-mvs mailing list. To subscribe, send an empty message
to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.
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See also:
http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs
There are web archives of the mailing list at:
http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/
HISTORY
This document was originally written by David Fiander for
the 5.005 release of Perl.
This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl
11 March 1999.
Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs.
Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading.
Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'.
NOTES
This software was built from source available at
https://java.net/projects/solaris-userland. The original
community source was downloaded from
http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.12.5.tar.bz2
Further information about this software can be found on the
open source community website at http://www.perl.org/.
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