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Updated: Wednesday, July 27, 2022
 
 

grid (1t)

Name

grid - Geometry manager that arranges widgets in a grid

Synopsis

grid option arg ?arg ...?

Description

grid(1t)                     Tk Built-In Commands                     grid(1t)



______________________________________________________________________________

NAME
       grid - Geometry manager that arranges widgets in a grid

SYNOPSIS
       grid option arg ?arg ...?
______________________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION
       The  grid command is used to communicate with the grid geometry manager
       that arranges widgets in rows and columns  inside  of  another  window,
       called  the  geometry  master (or master window).  The grid command can
       have any of several forms, depending on the option argument:

       grid slave ?slave ...? ?options?
              If the first argument to grid is suitable  as  the  first  slave
              argument  to  grid  configure,  either  a window name (any value
              starting with .) or one of the characters x or ^ (see the  RELA-
              TIVE  PLACEMENT section below), then the command is processed in
              the same way as grid configure.

       grid anchor master ?anchor?
              The anchor value controls how to place the grid within the  mas-
              ter  when  no row/column has any weight.  See THE GRID ALGORITHM
              below for further details.  The default anchor is nw.

       grid bbox master ?column row? ?column2 row2?
              With no arguments, the bounding box (in pixels) of the  grid  is
              returned.   The  return value consists of 4 integers.  The first
              two are the pixel offset from the master window (x  then  y)  of
              the top-left corner of the grid, and the second two integers are
              the width and height of the grid, also in pixels.  If  a  single
              column and row is specified on the command line, then the bound-
              ing box for that cell is returned, where the top  left  cell  is
              numbered from zero.  If both column and row arguments are speci-
              fied, then the bounding box spanning the rows and columns  indi-
              cated is returned.

       grid columnconfigure master index ?-option value...?
              Query  or  set  the column properties of the index column of the
              geometry  master,  master.   The  valid  options  are  -minsize,
              -weight,  -uniform  and  -pad.   If one or more options are pro-
              vided, then index may be given as a list of  column  indices  to
              which the configuration options will operate on.  Indices may be
              integers, window names or the keyword all. For all  the  options
              apply  to all columns currently occupied be slave windows. For a
              window name, that window must be a slave of this master and  the
              options  apply  to  all columns currently occupied be the slave.
              The -minsize option sets the minimum size, in screen units, that
              will be permitted for this column.  The -weight option (an inte-
              ger value) sets the relative weight for apportioning  any  extra
              spaces among columns.  A weight of zero (0) indicates the column
              will not deviate from its requested size.  A column whose weight
              is  two  will  grow  at twice the rate as a column of weight one
              when extra space is  allocated  to  the  layout.   The  -uniform
              option, when a non-empty value is supplied, places the column in
              a uniform group with other columns that have the same value  for
              -uniform.  The space for columns belonging to a uniform group is
              allocated so that their sizes are always in strict proportion to
              their  -weight values.  See THE GRID ALGORITHM below for further
              details.  The -pad option specifies the number of  screen  units
              that will be added to the largest window contained completely in
              that column when the grid geometry manager requests a size  from
              the  containing window.  If only an option is specified, with no
              value, the current value of that option is  returned.   If  only
              the  master  window and index is specified, all the current set-
              tings are returned in a list of "-option value" pairs.

       grid configure slave ?slave ...? ?options?
              The arguments consist of the names of one or more slave  windows
              followed  by  pairs  of arguments that specify how to manage the
              slaves.  The characters -,  x and ^, can be specified instead of
              a  window  name  to  alter  the  default location of a slave, as
              described in the RELATIVE PLACEMENT section, below.  The follow-
              ing options are supported:

              -column n
                     Insert  the  slave  so that it occupies the nth column in
                     the grid.  Column numbers start with 0.  If  this  option
                     is  not  supplied, then the slave is arranged just to the
                     right of previous slave specified on this call  to  grid,
                     or  column "0" if it is the first slave.  For each x that
                     immediately precedes the slave, the  column  position  is
                     incremented by one.  Thus the x represents a blank column
                     for this row in the grid.

              -columnspan n
                     Insert the slave so that it occupies  n  columns  in  the
                     grid.   The default is one column, unless the window name
                     is followed by a -,  in  which  case  the  columnspan  is
                     incremented once for each immediately following -.

              -in other
                     Insert  the slave(s) in the master window given by other.
                     The default is the first slave's parent window.

              -ipadx amount
                     The amount specifies how much horizontal internal padding
                     to  leave on each side of the slave(s).  This is space is
                     added inside the slave(s) border.  The amount must  be  a
                     valid  screen distance, such as 2 or .5c.  It defaults to
                     0.

              -ipady amount
                     The amount specifies how much vertical  internal  padding
                     to  leave  on  the  top and bottom of the slave(s).  This
                     space is added inside the slave(s)  border.   The  amount
                     defaults to 0.

              -padx amount
                     The amount specifies how much horizontal external padding
                     to leave on each side of the slave(s), in  screen  units.
                     Amount may be a list of two values to specify padding for
                     left and right separately.  The  amount  defaults  to  0.
                     This space is added outside the slave(s) border.

              -pady amount
                     The  amount  specifies how much vertical external padding
                     to leave on the top and bottom of the slave(s), in screen
                     units.   Amount  may  be  a list of two values to specify
                     padding  for  top  and  bottom  separately.   The  amount
                     defaults  to 0.  This space is added outside the slave(s)
                     border.

              -row n Insert the slave so that it occupies the nth row  in  the
                     grid.   Row  numbers start with 0.  If this option is not
                     supplied, then the slave is arranged on the same  row  as
                     the previous slave specified on this call to grid, or the
                     first unoccupied row if this is the first slave.

              -rowspan n
                     Insert the slave so that it occupies n rows in the  grid.
                     The  default  is  one row.  If the next grid command con-
                     tains ^ characters instead of slaves that  line  up  with
                     the columns of this slave, then the rowspan of this slave
                     is extended by one.

              -sticky style
                     If a slave's cell is larger  than  its  requested  dimen-
                     sions,  this  option may be used to position (or stretch)
                     the slave within its cell.  Style  is a string that  con-
                     tains  zero  or more of the characters n, s, e or w.  The
                     string can optionally contains spaces or commas, but they
                     are ignored.  Each letter refers to a side (north, south,
                     east, or west) that the slave will "stick" to.  If both n
                     and  s  (or  e  and  w)  are specified, the slave will be
                     stretched to fill the entire height  (or  width)  of  its
                     cavity.   The  -sticky option subsumes the combination of
                     -anchor and -fill that is used by pack.  The  default  is
                     "",  which causes the slave to be centered in its cavity,
                     at its requested size.

              If any of the slaves are already managed by the geometry manager
              then any unspecified options for them retain their previous val-
              ues rather than receiving default values.

       grid forget slave ?slave ...?
              Removes each of the slaves from grid for its master  and  unmaps
              their windows.  The slaves will no longer be managed by the grid
              geometry manager.  The configuration options for that window are
              forgotten, so that if the slave is managed once more by the grid
              geometry manager, the initial default settings are used.

       grid info slave
              Returns a list whose  elements  are  the  current  configuration
              state  of the slave given by slave in the same option-value form
              that might be specified to grid configure.  The first  two  ele-
              ments  of  the list are "-in master" where master is the slave's
              master.

       grid location master x y
              Given  x and y values in screen units  relative  to  the  master
              window,  the  column  and row number at that x and y location is
              returned.  For locations that are above or to the  left  of  the
              grid, -1 is returned.

       grid propagate master ?boolean?
              If  boolean has a true boolean value such as 1 or on then propa-
              gation is enabled for master, which must be a window  name  (see
              GEOMETRY  PROPAGATION  below).   If  boolean has a false boolean
              value then propagation is disabled for  master.   In  either  of
              these  cases an empty string is returned.  If boolean is omitted
              then the command returns 0 or 1 to indicate whether  propagation
              is  currently  enabled  for  master.   Propagation is enabled by
              default.

       grid rowconfigure master index ?-option value...?
              Query or set the row properties of the index row of the geometry
              master,  master.  The valid options are -minsize, -weight, -uni-
              form and -pad.  If one or more options are provided, then  index
              may be given as a list of row indices to which the configuration
              options will operate on.  Indices may be integers, window  names
              or  the  keyword all. For all the options apply to all rows cur-
              rently occupied be slave windows. For a window name, that window
              must be a slave of this master and the options apply to all rows
              currently occupied be the slave.  The -minsize option  sets  the
              minimum  size,  in screen units, that will be permitted for this
              row.  The -weight option (an integer value)  sets  the  relative
              weight  for  apportioning any extra spaces among rows.  A weight
              of zero  (0)  indicates  the  row  will  not  deviate  from  its
              requested  size.   A  row whose weight is two will grow at twice
              the rate as a row of weight one when extra space is allocated to
              the layout.  The -uniform option, when a non-empty value is sup-
              plied, places the row in a uniform group with  other  rows  that
              have  the same value for -uniform.  The space for rows belonging
              to a uniform group is allocated so that their sizes  are  always
              in  strict  proportion  to  their  -weight values.  See THE GRID
              ALGORITHM below for further details.  The -pad option  specifies
              the  number  of  screen  units that will be added to the largest
              window contained completely in that row when the  grid  geometry
              manager  requests a size from the containing window.  If only an
              option is specified, with no value, the current  value  of  that
              option  is  returned.   If  only  the master window and index is
              specified, all the current settings are returned in  a  list  of
              "-option value" pairs.

       grid remove slave ?slave ...?
              Removes  each  of the slaves from grid for its master and unmaps
              their windows.  The slaves will no longer be managed by the grid
              geometry  manager.   However, the configuration options for that
              window are remembered, so that if the slave is managed once more
              by the grid geometry manager, the previous values are retained.

       grid size master
              Returns  the size of the grid (in columns then rows) for master.
              The size is determined either by the slave occupying the largest
              row  or  column,  or  the largest column or row with a -minsize,
              -weight, or -pad that is non-zero.

       grid slaves master ?-option value?
              If no options are supplied, a list of all of the slaves in  mas-
              ter  are  returned,  most recently manages first.  Option can be
              either -row or -column which causes only the slaves in  the  row
              (or column) specified by value to be returned.

RELATIVE PLACEMENT
       The  grid  command  contains  a limited set of capabilities that permit
       layouts to be created without specifying the row and column information
       for  each  slave.   This  permits  slaves  to  be rearranged, added, or
       removed without the need to explicitly specify row and column  informa-
       tion.   When  no  column  or  row information is specified for a slave,
       default values are chosen for -column, -row, -columnspan  and  -rowspan
       at  the time the slave is managed. The values are chosen based upon the
       current layout of the grid, the position of the slave relative to other
       slaves  in the same grid command, and the presence of the characters -,
       x, and ^ in grid command where slave names are normally expected.

              -      This increases the -columnspan of the slave to the  left.
                     Several  -'s in a row will successively increase the num-
                     ber of columns spanned. A - may not follow a ^  or  a  x,
                     nor may it be the first slave argument to grid configure.

              x      This leaves an empty column between the slave on the left
                     and the slave on the right.

              ^      This extends the -rowspan of the slave above the  ^'s  in
                     the grid.  The number of ^'s in a row must match the num-
                     ber of columns spanned by the slave above it.

THE GRID ALGORITHM
       The grid geometry manager lays out its slaves in three steps.   In  the
       first  step,  the  minimum size needed to fit all of the slaves is com-
       puted, then (if propagation is turned on), a request  is  made  of  the
       master  window  to become that size.  In the second step, the requested
       size is compared against the actual size of the master.  If  the  sizes
       are different, then spaces is added to or taken away from the layout as
       needed.  For the final step, each slave is positioned in its row(s) and
       column(s) based on the setting of its sticky flag.

       To  compute  the  minimum  size  of a layout, the grid geometry manager
       first looks at all slaves whose -columnspan  and  -rowspan  values  are
       one,  and  computes the nominal size of each row or column to be either
       the minsize for that row or column, or the sum of the padding plus  the
       size  of  the largest slave, whichever is greater.  After that the rows
       or columns in each uniform group adapt to each other.  Then the  slaves
       whose  row-spans or column-spans are greater than one are examined.  If
       a group of rows or columns need to be increased in  size  in  order  to
       accommodate these slaves, then extra space is added to each row or col-
       umn in the group according to its weight.  For each group whose weights
       are all zero, the additional space is apportioned equally.

       When  multiple  rows  or  columns  belong to a uniform group, the space
       allocated to them is always in proportion to their weights.  (A  weight
       of  zero  is considered to be 1.)  In other words, a row or column con-
       figured with -weight 1 -uniform a will have exactly the  same  size  as
       any other row or column configured with -weight 1 -uniform a.  A row or
       column configured with -weight 2 -uniform b will be  exactly  twice  as
       large as one that is configured with -weight 1 -uniform b.

       More  technically,  each  row  or  column in the group will have a size
       equal to k*weight for some constant k.  The constant  k  is  chosen  so
       that no row or column becomes smaller than its minimum size.  For exam-
       ple, if all rows or columns in a group have the same weight, then  each
       row  or  column will have the same size as the largest row or column in
       the group.

       For masters whose size is larger than the requested layout,  the  addi-
       tional  space  is  apportioned according to the row and column weights.
       If all of the weights are zero, the layout is placed within its  master
       according  to the anchor value.  For masters whose size is smaller than
       the requested layout, space is taken away from columns and rows accord-
       ing  to  their  weights.   However, once a column or row shrinks to its
       minsize, its weight is taken to be zero.  If more  space  needs  to  be
       removed  from a layout than would be permitted, as when all the rows or
       columns are at their minimum sizes, the layout is  placed  and  clipped
       according to the anchor value.

GEOMETRY PROPAGATION
       The  grid geometry manager normally computes how large a master must be
       to just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and it sets the requested
       width and height of the master to these dimensions.  This causes geome-
       try information to propagate up through a window hierarchy  to  a  top-
       level  window so that the entire sub-tree sizes itself to fit the needs
       of the leaf windows.  However, the grid propagate command may  be  used
       to  turn  off  propagation  for one or more masters.  If propagation is
       disabled then grid will not set the requested width and height  of  the
       master window.  This may be useful if, for example, you wish for a mas-
       ter window to have a fixed size that you specify.

RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS
       The master for each slave  must  either  be  the  slave's  parent  (the
       default)  or  a  descendant of the slave's parent.  This restriction is
       necessary to guarantee that the slave can be placed over  any  part  of
       its master that is visible without danger of the slave being clipped by
       its parent.  In addition, all slaves in one call to grid must have  the
       same master.

STACKING ORDER
       If  the  master  for  a slave is not its parent then you must make sure
       that the slave is higher in the stacking order than the master.  Other-
       wise  the  master  will  obscure the slave and it will appear as if the
       slave has not been managed correctly.  The easiest way to make sure the
       slave  is  higher than the master is to create the master window first:
       the most recently created window will be highest in the stacking order.

CREDITS
       The grid command is based on ideas taken from the GridBag geometry man-
       ager  written by Doug. Stein, and the blt_table geometry manager, writ-
       ten by George Howlett.

EXAMPLES
       A toplevel window containing a text widget and two scrollbars:

              # Make the widgets
              toplevel .t
              text .t.txt -wrap none -xscroll {.t.h set} -yscroll {.t.v set}
              scrollbar .t.v -orient vertical   -command {.t.txt yview}
              scrollbar .t.h -orient horizontal -command {.t.txt xview}

              # Lay them out
              grid .t.txt .t.v -sticky nsew
              grid .t.h        -sticky nsew

              # Tell the text widget to take all the extra room
              grid rowconfigure    .t .t.txt -weight 1
              grid columnconfigure .t .t.txt -weight 1

       Three widgets of equal width, despite their different "natural" widths:

              button .b -text "Foo"
              entry .e -variable foo
              label .l -text "This is a fairly long piece of text"

              grid .b .e .l -sticky ew
              grid columnconfigure . "all" -uniform allTheSame


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


       +---------------+------------------+
       |ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE  |
       +---------------+------------------+
       |Availability   | runtime/tk-8     |
       +---------------+------------------+
       |Stability      | Uncommitted      |
       +---------------+------------------+

SEE ALSO
       pack(n), place(n)

KEYWORDS
       geometry manager, location, grid, cell, propagation, size, pack



NOTES
       Source code for open source software components in Oracle  Solaris  can
       be found at https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/solaris-source-
       code-downloads.html.

       This    software    was    built    from    source     available     at
       https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland.    The  original  community
       source        was        downloaded        from         https://source-
       forge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/8.6.7/tk8.6.7-src.tar.gz/download.

       Further information about this software can be found on the open source
       community website at https://www.tcl.tk/.



Tk                                    8.5                             grid(1t)