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perlintern (1)

Name

perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

Synopsis

Please see following description for synopsis

Description

Perl Programmers Reference Guide                                 PERLINTERN(1)



NAME
       perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl
       functions

DESCRIPTION
       This file is the autogenerated documentation of functions in the Perl
       interpreter that are documented using Perl's internal documentation
       format but are not marked as part of the Perl API.  In other words,
       they are not for use in extensions!

Array Manipulation Functions
       AvFILLp
                       int     AvFILLp(AV* av)

Compile-time scope hooks
       BhkENTRY
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Return an entry from the BHK structure.  "which" is a
               preprocessor token indicating which entry to return.  If the
               appropriate flag is not set this will return "NULL".  The type
               of the return value depends on which entry you ask for.

                       void *  BhkENTRY(BHK *hk, which)

       BhkFLAGS
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Return the BHK's flags.

                       U32     BhkFLAGS(BHK *hk)

       CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Call all the registered block hooks for type "which".  "which"
               is a preprocessing token; the type of "arg" depends on "which".

                       void    CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(which, arg)

Custom Operators
       core_prototype
               This function assigns the prototype of the named core function
               to "sv", or to a new mortal SV if "sv" is "NULL".  It returns
               the modified "sv", or "NULL" if the core function has no
               prototype.  "code" is a code as returned by "keyword()".  It
               must not be equal to 0.

                       SV *    core_prototype(SV *sv, const char *name,
                                              const int code,
                                              int * const opnum)

CV Manipulation Functions
       docatch Check for the cases 0 or 3 of cur_env.je_ret, only used inside
               an eval context.

               0 is used as continue inside eval,

               3 is used for a die caught by an inner eval - continue inner
               loop

               See cop.h: je_mustcatch, when set at any runlevel to TRUE,
               means eval ops must establish a local jmpenv to handle
               exception traps.

                       OP*     docatch(Perl_ppaddr_t firstpp)

CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
       CvWEAKOUTSIDE
               Each CV has a pointer, "CvOUTSIDE()", to its lexically
               enclosing CV (if any).  Because pointers to anonymous sub
               prototypes are stored in "&" pad slots, it is a possible to get
               a circular reference, with the parent pointing to the child and
               vice-versa.  To avoid the ensuing memory leak, we do not
               increment the reference count of the CV pointed to by
               "CvOUTSIDE" in the one specific instance that the parent has a
               "&" pad slot pointing back to us.  In this case, we set the
               "CvWEAKOUTSIDE" flag in the child.  This allows us to determine
               under what circumstances we should decrement the refcount of
               the parent when freeing the child.

               There is a further complication with non-closure anonymous subs
               (i.e. those that do not refer to any lexicals outside that
               sub).  In this case, the anonymous prototype is shared rather
               than being cloned.  This has the consequence that the parent
               may be freed while there are still active children, e.g.,

                   BEGIN { $a = sub { eval '$x' } }

               In this case, the BEGIN is freed immediately after execution
               since there are no active references to it: the anon sub
               prototype has "CvWEAKOUTSIDE" set since it's not a closure, and
               $a points to the same CV, so it doesn't contribute to BEGIN's
               refcount either.  When $a is executed, the "eval '$x'" causes
               the chain of "CvOUTSIDE"s to be followed, and the freed BEGIN
               is accessed.

               To avoid this, whenever a CV and its associated pad is freed,
               any "&" entries in the pad are explicitly removed from the pad,
               and if the refcount of the pointed-to anon sub is still
               positive, then that child's "CvOUTSIDE" is set to point to its
               grandparent.  This will only occur in the single specific case
               of a non-closure anon prototype having one or more active
               references (such as $a above).

               One other thing to consider is that a CV may be merely
               undefined rather than freed, eg "undef &foo".  In this case,
               its refcount may not have reached zero, but we still delete its
               pad and its "CvROOT" etc.  Since various children may still
               have their "CvOUTSIDE" pointing at this undefined CV, we keep
               its own "CvOUTSIDE" for the time being, so that the chain of
               lexical scopes is unbroken.  For example, the following should
               print 123:

                   my $x = 123;
                   sub tmp { sub { eval '$x' } }
                   my $a = tmp();
                   undef &tmp;
                   print  $a->();

                       bool    CvWEAKOUTSIDE(CV *cv)

Embedding Functions
       cv_dump dump the contents of a CV

                       void    cv_dump(const CV *cv, const char *title)

       cv_forget_slab
               When a CV has a reference count on its slab ("CvSLABBED"), it
               is responsible for making sure it is freed.  (Hence, no two CVs
               should ever have a reference count on the same slab.)  The CV
               only needs to reference the slab during compilation.  Once it
               is compiled and "CvROOT" attached, it has finished its job, so
               it can forget the slab.

                       void    cv_forget_slab(CV *cv)

       do_dump_pad
               Dump the contents of a padlist

                       void    do_dump_pad(I32 level, PerlIO *file,
                                           PADLIST *padlist, int full)

       pad_alloc_name
               Allocates a place in the currently-compiling pad (via
               "pad_alloc" in perlapi) and then stores a name for that entry.
               "name" is adopted and becomes the name entry; it must already
               contain the name string.  "typestash" and "ourstash" and the
               "padadd_STATE" flag get added to "name".  None of the other
               processing of "pad_add_name_pvn" in perlapi is done.  Returns
               the offset of the allocated pad slot.

                       PADOFFSET pad_alloc_name(PADNAME *name, U32 flags,
                                                HV *typestash, HV *ourstash)

       pad_block_start
               Update the pad compilation state variables on entry to a new
               block.

                       void    pad_block_start(int full)

       pad_check_dup
               Check for duplicate declarations: report any of:

                    * a 'my' in the current scope with the same name;
                    * an 'our' (anywhere in the pad) with the same name and the
                      same stash as 'ourstash'

               "is_our" indicates that the name to check is an "our"
               declaration.

                       void    pad_check_dup(PADNAME *name, U32 flags,
                                             const HV *ourstash)

       pad_findlex
               Find a named lexical anywhere in a chain of nested pads.  Add
               fake entries in the inner pads if it's found in an outer one.

               Returns the offset in the bottom pad of the lex or the fake
               lex.  "cv" is the CV in which to start the search, and seq is
               the current "cop_seq" to match against.  If "warn" is true,
               print appropriate warnings.  The "out_"* vars return values,
               and so are pointers to where the returned values should be
               stored.  "out_capture", if non-null, requests that the
               innermost instance of the lexical is captured; "out_name" is
               set to the innermost matched pad name or fake pad name;
               "out_flags" returns the flags normally associated with the
               "PARENT_FAKELEX_FLAGS" field of a fake pad name.

               Note that "pad_findlex()" is recursive; it recurses up the
               chain of CVs, then comes back down, adding fake entries as it
               goes.  It has to be this way because fake names in anon
               protoypes have to store in "xpadn_low" the index into the
               parent pad.

                       PADOFFSET pad_findlex(const char *namepv,
                                             STRLEN namelen, U32 flags,
                                             const CV* cv, U32 seq, int warn,
                                             SV** out_capture,
                                             PADNAME** out_name,
                                             int *out_flags)

       pad_fixup_inner_anons
               For any anon CVs in the pad, change "CvOUTSIDE" of that CV from
               "old_cv" to "new_cv" if necessary.  Needed when a newly-
               compiled CV has to be moved to a pre-existing CV struct.

                       void    pad_fixup_inner_anons(PADLIST *padlist,
                                                     CV *old_cv, CV *new_cv)

       pad_free
               Free the SV at offset po in the current pad.

                       void    pad_free(PADOFFSET po)

       pad_leavemy
               Cleanup at end of scope during compilation: set the max seq
               number for lexicals in this scope and warn of any lexicals that
               never got introduced.

                       OP *    pad_leavemy()

       padlist_dup
               Duplicates a pad.

                       PADLIST * padlist_dup(PADLIST *srcpad,
                                             CLONE_PARAMS *param)

       padname_dup
               Duplicates a pad name.

                       PADNAME * padname_dup(PADNAME *src, CLONE_PARAMS *param)

       padnamelist_dup
               Duplicates a pad name list.

                       PADNAMELIST * padnamelist_dup(PADNAMELIST *srcpad,
                                                     CLONE_PARAMS *param)

       pad_push
               Push a new pad frame onto the padlist, unless there's already a
               pad at this depth, in which case don't bother creating a new
               one.  Then give the new pad an @_ in slot zero.

                       void    pad_push(PADLIST *padlist, int depth)

       pad_reset
               Mark all the current temporaries for reuse

                       void    pad_reset()

       pad_swipe
               Abandon the tmp in the current pad at offset "po" and replace
               with a new one.

                       void    pad_swipe(PADOFFSET po, bool refadjust)

Errno
       dSAVEDERRNO
               Declare variables needed to save "errno" and any operating
               system specific error number.

                       void    dSAVEDERRNO

       dSAVE_ERRNO
               Declare variables needed to save "errno" and any operating
               system specific error number, and save them for optional later
               restoration by "RESTORE_ERRNO".

                       void    dSAVE_ERRNO

       RESTORE_ERRNO
               Restore "errno" and any operating system specific error number
               that was saved by "dSAVE_ERRNO" or "RESTORE_ERRNO".

                       void    RESTORE_ERRNO

       SAVE_ERRNO
               Save "errno" and any operating system specific error number for
               optional later restoration by "RESTORE_ERRNO".  Requires
               "dSAVEDERRNO" or "dSAVE_ERRNO" in scope.

                       void    SAVE_ERRNO

       SETERRNO
               Set "errno", and on VMS set "vaxc$errno".

                       void    SETERRNO(int errcode, int vmserrcode)

GV Functions
       gv_try_downgrade
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               If the typeglob "gv" can be expressed more succinctly, by
               having something other than a real GV in its place in the
               stash, replace it with the optimised form.  Basic requirements
               for this are that "gv" is a real typeglob, is sufficiently
               ordinary, and is only referenced from its package.  This
               function is meant to be used when a GV has been looked up in
               part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based on
               what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required
               after all.

               If "gv" is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the
               stash.

               If "gv" is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary
               constant sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference
               placeholder that more compactly represents the same thing.

                       void    gv_try_downgrade(GV* gv)

Hash Manipulation Functions
       hv_ename_add
               Adds a name to a stash's internal list of effective names.  See
               "hv_ename_delete".

               This is called when a stash is assigned to a new location in
               the symbol table.

                       void    hv_ename_add(HV *hv, const char *name, U32 len,
                                            U32 flags)

       hv_ename_delete
               Removes a name from a stash's internal list of effective names.
               If this is the name returned by "HvENAME", then another name in
               the list will take its place ("HvENAME" will use it).

               This is called when a stash is deleted from the symbol table.

                       void    hv_ename_delete(HV *hv, const char *name,
                                               U32 len, U32 flags)

       refcounted_he_chain_2hv
               Generates and returns a "HV *" representing the content of a
               "refcounted_he" chain.  "flags" is currently unused and must be
               zero.

                       HV *    refcounted_he_chain_2hv(
                                   const struct refcounted_he *c, U32 flags
                               )

       refcounted_he_fetch_pv
               Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a nul-terminated
               string instead of a string/length pair.

                       SV *    refcounted_he_fetch_pv(
                                   const struct refcounted_he *chain,
                                   const char *key, U32 hash, U32 flags
                               )

       refcounted_he_fetch_pvn
               Search along a "refcounted_he" chain for an entry with the key
               specified by "keypv" and "keylen".  If "flags" has the
               "REFCOUNTED_HE_KEY_UTF8" bit set, the key octets are
               interpreted as UTF-8, otherwise they are interpreted as
               Latin-1.  "hash" is a precomputed hash of the key string, or
               zero if it has not been precomputed.  Returns a mortal scalar
               representing the value associated with the key, or
               &PL_sv_placeholder if there is no value associated with the
               key.

                       SV *    refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(
                                   const struct refcounted_he *chain,
                                   const char *keypv, STRLEN keylen, U32 hash,
                                   U32 flags
                               )

       refcounted_he_fetch_pvs
               Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a literal string
               instead of a string/length pair, and no precomputed hash.

                       SV *    refcounted_he_fetch_pvs(
                                   const struct refcounted_he *chain, "key",
                                   U32 flags
                               )

       refcounted_he_fetch_sv
               Like "refcounted_he_fetch_pvn", but takes a Perl scalar instead
               of a string/length pair.

                       SV *    refcounted_he_fetch_sv(
                                   const struct refcounted_he *chain, SV *key,
                                   U32 hash, U32 flags
                               )

       refcounted_he_free
               Decrements the reference count of a "refcounted_he" by one.  If
               the reference count reaches zero the structure's memory is
               freed, which (recursively) causes a reduction of its parent
               "refcounted_he"'s reference count.  It is safe to pass a null
               pointer to this function: no action occurs in this case.

                       void    refcounted_he_free(struct refcounted_he *he)

       refcounted_he_inc
               Increment the reference count of a "refcounted_he".  The
               pointer to the "refcounted_he" is also returned.  It is safe to
               pass a null pointer to this function: no action occurs and a
               null pointer is returned.

                       struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_inc(
                                                  struct refcounted_he *he
                                              )

       refcounted_he_new_pv
               Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a nul-terminated string
               instead of a string/length pair.

                       struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pv(
                                                  struct refcounted_he *parent,
                                                  const char *key, U32 hash,
                                                  SV *value, U32 flags
                                              )

       refcounted_he_new_pvn
               Creates a new "refcounted_he".  This consists of a single
               key/value pair and a reference to an existing "refcounted_he"
               chain (which may be empty), and thus forms a longer chain.
               When using the longer chain, the new key/value pair takes
               precedence over any entry for the same key further along the
               chain.

               The new key is specified by "keypv" and "keylen".  If "flags"
               has the "REFCOUNTED_HE_KEY_UTF8" bit set, the key octets are
               interpreted as UTF-8, otherwise they are interpreted as
               Latin-1.  "hash" is a precomputed hash of the key string, or
               zero if it has not been precomputed.

               "value" is the scalar value to store for this key.  "value" is
               copied by this function, which thus does not take ownership of
               any reference to it, and later changes to the scalar will not
               be reflected in the value visible in the "refcounted_he".
               Complex types of scalar will not be stored with referential
               integrity, but will be coerced to strings.  "value" may be
               either null or &PL_sv_placeholder to indicate that no value is
               to be associated with the key; this, as with any non-null
               value, takes precedence over the existence of a value for the
               key further along the chain.

               "parent" points to the rest of the "refcounted_he" chain to be
               attached to the new "refcounted_he".  This function takes
               ownership of one reference to "parent", and returns one
               reference to the new "refcounted_he".

                       struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pvn(
                                                  struct refcounted_he *parent,
                                                  const char *keypv,
                                                  STRLEN keylen, U32 hash,
                                                  SV *value, U32 flags
                                              )

       refcounted_he_new_pvs
               Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a literal string
               instead of a string/length pair, and no precomputed hash.

                       struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_pvs(
                                                  struct refcounted_he *parent,
                                                  "key", SV *value, U32 flags
                                              )

       refcounted_he_new_sv
               Like "refcounted_he_new_pvn", but takes a Perl scalar instead
               of a string/length pair.

                       struct refcounted_he * refcounted_he_new_sv(
                                                  struct refcounted_he *parent,
                                                  SV *key, U32 hash, SV *value,
                                                  U32 flags
                                              )

IO Functions
       start_glob
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Function called by "do_readline" to spawn a glob (or do the
               glob inside perl on VMS).  This code used to be inline, but now
               perl uses "File::Glob" this glob starter is only used by
               miniperl during the build process, or when PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB
               is defined.  Moving it away shrinks pp_hot.c; shrinking
               pp_hot.c helps speed perl up.

               NOTE: this function must be explicitly called as
               Perl_start_glob with an aTHX_ parameter.

                       PerlIO* Perl_start_glob(pTHX_ SV *tmpglob, IO *io)

Lexer interface
       validate_proto
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               This function performs syntax checking on a prototype, "proto".
               If "warn" is true, any illegal characters or mismatched
               brackets will trigger illegalproto warnings, declaring that
               they were detected in the prototype for "name".

               The return value is "true" if this is a valid prototype, and
               "false" if it is not, regardless of whether "warn" was "true"
               or "false".

               Note that "NULL" is a valid "proto" and will always return
               "true".

                       bool    validate_proto(SV *name, SV *proto, bool warn,
                                              bool curstash)

Magical Functions
       magic_clearhint
               Triggered by a delete from "%^H", records the key to
               "PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash".

                       int     magic_clearhint(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)

       magic_clearhints
               Triggered by clearing "%^H", resets
               "PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash".

                       int     magic_clearhints(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)

       magic_methcall
               Invoke a magic method (like FETCH).

               "sv" and "mg" are the tied thingy and the tie magic.

               "meth" is the name of the method to call.

               "argc" is the number of args (in addition to $self) to pass to
               the method.

               The "flags" can be:

                   G_DISCARD     invoke method with G_DISCARD flag and don't
                                 return a value
                   G_UNDEF_FILL  fill the stack with argc pointers to
                                 PL_sv_undef

               The arguments themselves are any values following the "flags"
               argument.

               Returns the SV (if any) returned by the method, or "NULL" on
               failure.

               NOTE: this function must be explicitly called as
               Perl_magic_methcall with an aTHX_ parameter.

                       SV*     Perl_magic_methcall(pTHX_ SV *sv,
                                                   const MAGIC *mg, SV *meth,
                                                   U32 flags, U32 argc, ...)

       magic_sethint
               Triggered by a store to "%^H", records the key/value pair to
               "PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash".  It is assumed that hints aren't
               storing anything that would need a deep copy.  Maybe we should
               warn if we find a reference.

                       int     magic_sethint(SV* sv, MAGIC* mg)

       mg_localize
               Copy some of the magic from an existing SV to new localized
               version of that SV.  Container magic (e.g., %ENV, $1, "tie")
               gets copied, value magic doesn't (e.g., "taint", "pos").

               If "setmagic" is false then no set magic will be called on the
               new (empty) SV.  This typically means that assignment will soon
               follow (e.g. 'local $x = $y'), and that will handle the magic.

                       void    mg_localize(SV* sv, SV* nsv, bool setmagic)

Miscellaneous Functions
       free_c_backtrace
               Deallocates a backtrace received from get_c_bracktrace.

                       void    free_c_backtrace(Perl_c_backtrace* bt)

       get_c_backtrace
               Collects the backtrace (aka "stacktrace") into a single linear
               malloced buffer, which the caller must
               "Perl_free_c_backtrace()".

               Scans the frames back by "depth + skip", then drops the "skip"
               innermost, returning at most "depth" frames.

                       Perl_c_backtrace* get_c_backtrace(int max_depth,
                                                         int skip)

       quadmath_format_needed
               "quadmath_format_needed()" returns true if the "format" string
               seems to contain at least one non-Q-prefixed "%[efgaEFGA]"
               format specifier, or returns false otherwise.

               The format specifier detection is not complete printf-syntax
               detection, but it should catch most common cases.

               If true is returned, those arguments should in theory be
               processed with "quadmath_snprintf()", but in case there is more
               than one such format specifier (see "quadmath_format_valid"),
               and if there is anything else beyond that one (even just a
               single byte), they cannot be processed because
               "quadmath_snprintf()" is very strict, accepting only one format
               spec, and nothing else.  In this case, the code should probably
               fail.

                       bool    quadmath_format_needed(const char* format)

       quadmath_format_valid
               "quadmath_snprintf()" is very strict about its "format" string
               and will fail, returning -1, if the format is invalid.  It
               accepts exactly one format spec.

               "quadmath_format_valid()" checks that the intended single spec
               looks sane: begins with "%", has only one "%", ends with
               "[efgaEFGA]", and has "Q" before it.  This is not a full
               "printf syntax check", just the basics.

               Returns true if it is valid, false if not.

               See also "quadmath_format_needed".

                       bool    quadmath_format_valid(const char* format)

MRO Functions
       mro_get_linear_isa_dfs
               Returns the Depth-First Search linearization of @ISA the given
               stash.  The return value is a read-only AV*.  "level" should be
               0 (it is used internally in this function's recursion).

               You are responsible for "SvREFCNT_inc()" on the return value if
               you plan to store it anywhere semi-permanently (otherwise it
               might be deleted out from under you the next time the cache is
               invalidated).

                       AV*     mro_get_linear_isa_dfs(HV* stash, U32 level)

       mro_isa_changed_in
               Takes the necessary steps (cache invalidations, mostly) when
               the @ISA of the given package has changed.  Invoked by the
               "setisa" magic, should not need to invoke directly.

                       void    mro_isa_changed_in(HV* stash)

       mro_package_moved
               Call this function to signal to a stash that it has been
               assigned to another spot in the stash hierarchy.  "stash" is
               the stash that has been assigned.  "oldstash" is the stash it
               replaces, if any.  "gv" is the glob that is actually being
               assigned to.

               This can also be called with a null first argument to indicate
               that "oldstash" has been deleted.

               This function invalidates isa caches on the old stash, on all
               subpackages nested inside it, and on the subclasses of all
               those, including non-existent packages that have corresponding
               entries in "stash".

               It also sets the effective names ("HvENAME") on all the stashes
               as appropriate.

               If the "gv" is present and is not in the symbol table, then
               this function simply returns.  This checked will be skipped if
               "flags & 1".

                       void    mro_package_moved(HV * const stash,
                                                 HV * const oldstash,
                                                 const GV * const gv,
                                                 U32 flags)

Numeric functions
       grok_atoUV
               parse a string, looking for a decimal unsigned integer.

               On entry, "pv" points to the beginning of the string; "valptr"
               points to a UV that will receive the converted value, if found;
               "endptr" is either NULL or points to a variable that points to
               one byte beyond the point in "pv" that this routine should
               examine.  If "endptr" is NULL, "pv" is assumed to be NUL-
               terminated.

               Returns FALSE if "pv" doesn't represent a valid unsigned
               integer value (with no leading zeros).  Otherwise it returns
               TRUE, and sets *valptr to that value.

               If you constrain the portion of "pv" that is looked at by this
               function (by passing a non-NULL "endptr"), and if the intial
               bytes of that portion form a valid value, it will return TRUE,
               setting *endptr to the byte following the final digit of the
               value.  But if there is no constraint at what's looked at, all
               of "pv" must be valid in order for TRUE to be returned.
               *endptr is unchanged from its value on input if FALSE is
               returned;

               The only characters this accepts are the decimal digits
               '0'..'9'.

               As opposed to atoi(3) or strtol(3), "grok_atoUV" does NOT allow
               optional leading whitespace, nor negative inputs.  If such
               features are required, the calling code needs to explicitly
               implement those.

               Note that this function returns FALSE for inputs that would
               overflow a UV, or have leading zeros.  Thus a single 0 is
               accepted, but not 00 nor 01, 002, etc.

               Background: "atoi" has severe problems with illegal inputs, it
               cannot be used for incremental parsing, and therefore should be
               avoided "atoi" and "strtol" are also affected by locale
               settings, which can also be seen as a bug (global state
               controlled by user environment).

                       bool    grok_atoUV(const char* pv, UV* valptr,
                                          const char** endptr)

       isinfnansv
               Checks whether the argument would be either an infinity or
               "NaN" when used as a number, but is careful not to trigger non-
               numeric or uninitialized warnings.  it assumes the caller has
               done "SvGETMAGIC(sv)" already.

                       bool    isinfnansv(SV *sv)

Obsolete backwards compatibility functions
       utf8n_to_uvuni
               DEPRECATED!  It is planned to remove this function from a
               future release of Perl.  Do not use it for new code; remove it
               from existing code.

               Instead use "utf8_to_uvchr_buf" in perlapi, or rarely,
               "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi.

               This function was useful for code that wanted to handle both
               EBCDIC and ASCII platforms with Unicode properties, but
               starting in Perl v5.20, the distinctions between the platforms
               have mostly been made invisible to most code, so this function
               is quite unlikely to be what you want.  If you do need this
               precise functionality, use instead
               "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8_to_uvchr_buf(...))"  or
               "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8n_to_uvchr(...))".

                       UV      utf8n_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN curlen,
                                              STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags)

       utf8_to_uvuni
               DEPRECATED!  It is planned to remove this function from a
               future release of Perl.  Do not use it for new code; remove it
               from existing code.

               Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the
               string "s" which is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding; "retlen"
               will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.

               Some, but not all, UTF-8 malformations are detected, and in
               fact, some malformed input could cause reading beyond the end
               of the input buffer, which is one reason why this function is
               deprecated.  The other is that only in extremely limited
               circumstances should the Unicode versus native code point be of
               any interest to you.  See "utf8_to_uvuni_buf" for alternatives.

               If "s" points to one of the detected malformations, and UTF8
               warnings are enabled, zero is returned and *retlen is set (if
               "retlen" doesn't point to NULL) to -1.  If those warnings are
               off, the computed value if well-defined (or the Unicode
               REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, if not) is silently returned, and
               *retlen is set (if "retlen" isn't NULL) so that ("s" + *retlen)
               is the next possible position in "s" that could begin a non-
               malformed character.  See "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi for
               details on when the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER is returned.

                       UV      utf8_to_uvuni(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)

       uvuni_to_utf8_flags
               DEPRECATED!  It is planned to remove this function from a
               future release of Perl.  Do not use it for new code; remove it
               from existing code.

               Instead you almost certainly want to use "uvchr_to_utf8" in
               perlapi or "uvchr_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.

               This function is a deprecated synonym for
               "uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags", which itself, while not deprecated,
               should be used only in isolated circumstances.  These functions
               were useful for code that wanted to handle both EBCDIC and
               ASCII platforms with Unicode properties, but starting in Perl
               v5.20, the distinctions between the platforms have mostly been
               made invisible to most code, so this function is quite unlikely
               to be what you want.

                       U8*     uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)

Optree Manipulation Functions
       finalize_optree
               This function finalizes the optree.  Should be called directly
               after the complete optree is built.  It does some additional
               checking which can't be done in the normal "ck_"xxx functions
               and makes the tree thread-safe.

                       void    finalize_optree(OP* o)

       newATTRSUB_x
               Construct a Perl subroutine, also performing some surrounding
               jobs.

               This function is expected to be called in a Perl compilation
               context, and some aspects of the subroutine are taken from
               global variables associated with compilation.  In particular,
               "PL_compcv" represents the subroutine that is currently being
               compiled.  It must be non-null when this function is called,
               and some aspects of the subroutine being constructed are taken
               from it.  The constructed subroutine may actually be a reuse of
               the "PL_compcv" object, but will not necessarily be so.

               If "block" is null then the subroutine will have no body, and
               for the time being it will be an error to call it.  This
               represents a forward subroutine declaration such as
               "sub foo ($$);".  If "block" is non-null then it provides the
               Perl code of the subroutine body, which will be executed when
               the subroutine is called.  This body includes any argument
               unwrapping code resulting from a subroutine signature or
               similar.  The pad use of the code must correspond to the pad
               attached to "PL_compcv".  The code is not expected to include a
               "leavesub" or "leavesublv" op; this function will add such an
               op.  "block" is consumed by this function and will become part
               of the constructed subroutine.

               "proto" specifies the subroutine's prototype, unless one is
               supplied as an attribute (see below).  If "proto" is null, then
               the subroutine will not have a prototype.  If "proto" is non-
               null, it must point to a "const" op whose value is a string,
               and the subroutine will have that string as its prototype.  If
               a prototype is supplied as an attribute, the attribute takes
               precedence over "proto", but in that case "proto" should
               preferably be null.  In any case, "proto" is consumed by this
               function.

               "attrs" supplies attributes to be applied the subroutine.  A
               handful of attributes take effect by built-in means, being
               applied to "PL_compcv" immediately when seen.  Other attributes
               are collected up and attached to the subroutine by this route.
               "attrs" may be null to supply no attributes, or point to a
               "const" op for a single attribute, or point to a "list" op
               whose children apart from the "pushmark" are "const" ops for
               one or more attributes.  Each "const" op must be a string,
               giving the attribute name optionally followed by parenthesised
               arguments, in the manner in which attributes appear in Perl
               source.  The attributes will be applied to the sub by this
               function.  "attrs" is consumed by this function.

               If "o_is_gv" is false and "o" is null, then the subroutine will
               be anonymous.  If "o_is_gv" is false and "o" is non-null, then
               "o" must point to a "const" op, which will be consumed by this
               function, and its string value supplies a name for the
               subroutine.  The name may be qualified or unqualified, and if
               it is unqualified then a default stash will be selected in some
               manner.  If "o_is_gv" is true, then "o" doesn't point to an
               "OP" at all, but is instead a cast pointer to a "GV" by which
               the subroutine will be named.

               If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then
               the new sub will either replace the existing one in the glob or
               be merged with the existing one.  A warning may be generated
               about redefinition.

               If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as
               "BEGIN" or "END", then it will be claimed by the appropriate
               queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines.  In
               this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any
               subroutine, even if it did contain one before.  In the case of
               "BEGIN", the subroutine will be executed and the reference to
               it disposed of before this function returns.

               The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine.
               If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference
               to the subroutine is transferred to the caller.  If the sub is
               named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference.
               In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub
               will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being
               contained in the glob that names it.  A phase-named subroutine
               will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the
               phase's automatic run queue.  But a "BEGIN" subroutine, having
               already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed
               already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous
               for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer.  It is
               the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of
               these situations applies.

                       CV*     newATTRSUB_x(I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto,
                                            OP *attrs, OP *block, bool o_is_gv)

       newXS_len_flags
               Construct an XS subroutine, also performing some surrounding
               jobs.

               The subroutine will have the entry point "subaddr".  It will
               have the prototype specified by the nul-terminated string
               "proto", or no prototype if "proto" is null.  The prototype
               string is copied; the caller can mutate the supplied string
               afterwards.  If "filename" is non-null, it must be a nul-
               terminated filename, and the subroutine will have its "CvFILE"
               set accordingly.  By default "CvFILE" is set to point directly
               to the supplied string, which must be static.  If "flags" has
               the "XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME" bit set, then a copy of the string
               will be taken instead.

               Other aspects of the subroutine will be left in their default
               state.  If anything else needs to be done to the subroutine for
               it to function correctly, it is the caller's responsibility to
               do that after this function has constructed it.  However,
               beware of the subroutine potentially being destroyed before
               this function returns, as described below.

               If "name" is null then the subroutine will be anonymous, with
               its "CvGV" referring to an "__ANON__" glob.  If "name" is non-
               null then the subroutine will be named accordingly, referenced
               by the appropriate glob.  "name" is a string of length "len"
               bytes giving a sigilless symbol name, in UTF-8 if "flags" has
               the "SVf_UTF8" bit set and in Latin-1 otherwise.  The name may
               be either qualified or unqualified, with the stash defaulting
               in the same manner as for "gv_fetchpvn_flags".  "flags" may
               contain flag bits understood by "gv_fetchpvn_flags" with the
               same meaning as they have there, such as "GV_ADDWARN".  The
               symbol is always added to the stash if necessary, with
               "GV_ADDMULTI" semantics.

               If there is already a subroutine of the specified name, then
               the new sub will replace the existing one in the glob.  A
               warning may be generated about the redefinition.  If the old
               subroutine was "CvCONST" then the decision about whether to
               warn is influenced by an expectation about whether the new
               subroutine will become a constant of similar value.  That
               expectation is determined by "const_svp".  (Note that the call
               to this function doesn't make the new subroutine "CvCONST" in
               any case; that is left to the caller.)  If "const_svp" is null
               then it indicates that the new subroutine will not become a
               constant.  If "const_svp" is non-null then it indicates that
               the new subroutine will become a constant, and it points to an
               "SV*" that provides the constant value that the subroutine will
               have.

               If the subroutine has one of a few special names, such as
               "BEGIN" or "END", then it will be claimed by the appropriate
               queue for automatic running of phase-related subroutines.  In
               this case the relevant glob will be left not containing any
               subroutine, even if it did contain one before.  In the case of
               "BEGIN", the subroutine will be executed and the reference to
               it disposed of before this function returns, and also before
               its prototype is set.  If a "BEGIN" subroutine would not be
               sufficiently constructed by this function to be ready for
               execution then the caller must prevent this happening by giving
               the subroutine a different name.

               The function returns a pointer to the constructed subroutine.
               If the sub is anonymous then ownership of one counted reference
               to the subroutine is transferred to the caller.  If the sub is
               named then the caller does not get ownership of a reference.
               In most such cases, where the sub has a non-phase name, the sub
               will be alive at the point it is returned by virtue of being
               contained in the glob that names it.  A phase-named subroutine
               will usually be alive by virtue of the reference owned by the
               phase's automatic run queue.  But a "BEGIN" subroutine, having
               already been executed, will quite likely have been destroyed
               already by the time this function returns, making it erroneous
               for the caller to make any use of the returned pointer.  It is
               the caller's responsibility to ensure that it knows which of
               these situations applies.

                       CV *    newXS_len_flags(const char *name, STRLEN len,
                                               XSUBADDR_t subaddr,
                                               const char *const filename,
                                               const char *const proto,
                                               SV **const_svp, U32 flags)

       optimize_optree
               This function applies some optimisations to the optree in top-
               down order.  It is called before the peephole optimizer, which
               processes ops in execution order. Note that finalize_optree()
               also does a top-down scan, but is called *after* the peephole
               optimizer.

                       void    optimize_optree(OP* o)

       traverse_op_tree
               Return the next op in a depth-first traversal of the op tree,
               returning NULL when the traversal is complete.

               The initial call must supply the root of the tree as both top
               and o.

               For now it's static, but it may be exposed to the API in the
               future.

                       OP*     traverse_op_tree(OP* top, OP* o)

Pad Data Structures
       CX_CURPAD_SAVE
               Save the current pad in the given context block structure.

                       void    CX_CURPAD_SAVE(struct context)

       CX_CURPAD_SV
               Access the SV at offset "po" in the saved current pad in the
               given context block structure (can be used as an lvalue).

                       SV *    CX_CURPAD_SV(struct context, PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_BASE_SV
               Get the value from slot "po" in the base (DEPTH=1) pad of a
               padlist

                       SV *    PAD_BASE_SV(PADLIST padlist, PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_CLONE_VARS
               Clone the state variables associated with running and compiling
               pads.

                       void    PAD_CLONE_VARS(PerlInterpreter *proto_perl,
                                              CLONE_PARAMS* param)

       PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
               Return the flags for the current compiling pad name at offset
               "po".  Assumes a valid slot entry.

                       U32     PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_COMPNAME_GEN
               The generation number of the name at offset "po" in the current
               compiling pad (lvalue).

                       STRLEN  PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set
               Sets the generation number of the name at offset "po" in the
               current ling pad (lvalue) to "gen".
                    STRLEN    PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(PADOFFSET po, int gen)

       PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
               Return the stash associated with an "our" variable.  Assumes
               the slot entry is a valid "our" lexical.

                       HV *    PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH(PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_COMPNAME_PV
               Return the name of the current compiling pad name at offset
               "po".  Assumes a valid slot entry.

                       char *  PAD_COMPNAME_PV(PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE
               Return the type (stash) of the current compiling pad name at
               offset "po".  Must be a valid name.  Returns null if not typed.

                       HV *    PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(PADOFFSET po)

       PadnameIsOUR
               Whether this is an "our" variable.

                       bool    PadnameIsOUR(PADNAME * pn)

       PadnameIsSTATE
               Whether this is a "state" variable.

                       bool    PadnameIsSTATE(PADNAME * pn)

       PadnameOURSTASH
               The stash in which this "our" variable was declared.

                       HV *    PadnameOURSTASH()

       PadnameOUTER
               Whether this entry belongs to an outer pad.  Entries for which
               this is true are often referred to as 'fake'.

                       bool    PadnameOUTER(PADNAME * pn)

       PadnameTYPE
               The stash associated with a typed lexical.  This returns the
               %Foo:: hash for "my Foo $bar".

                       HV *    PadnameTYPE(PADNAME * pn)

       PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL
               Restore the old pad saved into the local variable "opad" by
               "PAD_SAVE_LOCAL()"

                       void    PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL(PAD *opad)

       PAD_SAVE_LOCAL
               Save the current pad to the local variable "opad", then make
               the current pad equal to "npad"

                       void    PAD_SAVE_LOCAL(PAD *opad, PAD *npad)

       PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD
               Save the current pad then set it to null.

                       void    PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD()

       PAD_SETSV
               Set the slot at offset "po" in the current pad to "sv"

                       SV *    PAD_SETSV(PADOFFSET po, SV* sv)

       PAD_SET_CUR
               Set the current pad to be pad "n" in the padlist, saving the
               previous current pad.  NB currently this macro expands to a
               string too long for some compilers, so it's best to replace it
               with

                   SAVECOMPPAD();
                   PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(padlist,n);


                       void    PAD_SET_CUR(PADLIST padlist, I32 n)

       PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE
               like PAD_SET_CUR, but without the save

                       void    PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(PADLIST padlist, I32 n)

       PAD_SV  Get the value at offset "po" in the current pad

                       SV *    PAD_SV(PADOFFSET po)

       PAD_SVl Lightweight and lvalue version of "PAD_SV".  Get or set the
               value at offset "po" in the current pad.  Unlike "PAD_SV", does
               not print diagnostics with -DX.  For internal use only.

                       SV *    PAD_SVl(PADOFFSET po)

       SAVECLEARSV
               Clear the pointed to pad value on scope exit.  (i.e. the
               runtime action of "my")

                       void    SAVECLEARSV(SV **svp)

       SAVECOMPPAD
               save "PL_comppad" and "PL_curpad"

                       void    SAVECOMPPAD()

       SAVEPADSV
               Save a pad slot (used to restore after an iteration)

               XXX DAPM it would make more sense to make the arg a PADOFFSET
                    void SAVEPADSV(PADOFFSET po)

Per-Interpreter Variables
       PL_DBsingle
               When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this SV
               is a boolean which indicates whether subs are being single-
               stepped.  Single-stepping is automatically turned on after
               every step.  This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's
               $DB::single variable.  See "PL_DBsub".

                       SV *    PL_DBsingle

       PL_DBsub
               When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this GV
               contains the SV which holds the name of the sub being debugged.
               This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::sub
               variable.  See "PL_DBsingle".

                       GV *    PL_DBsub

       PL_DBtrace
               Trace variable used when Perl is run in debugging mode, with
               the -d switch.  This is the C variable which corresponds to
               Perl's $DB::trace variable.  See "PL_DBsingle".

                       SV *    PL_DBtrace

       PL_dowarn
               The C variable that roughly corresponds to Perl's $^W warning
               variable.  However, $^W is treated as a boolean, whereas
               "PL_dowarn" is a collection of flag bits.

                       U8      PL_dowarn

       PL_last_in_gv
               The GV which was last used for a filehandle input operation.
               ("<FH>")

                       GV*     PL_last_in_gv

       PL_ofsgv
               The glob containing the output field separator - "*," in Perl
               space.

                       GV*     PL_ofsgv

       PL_rs   The input record separator - $/ in Perl space.

                       SV*     PL_rs

Stack Manipulation Macros
       djSP    Declare Just "SP".  This is actually identical to "dSP", and
               declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer, available via
               the "SP" macro.  See ""SP" in perlapi".  (Available for
               backward source code compatibility with the old (Perl 5.005)
               thread model.)

                               djSP();

       LVRET   True if this op will be the return value of an lvalue
               subroutine

SV Flags
       SVt_INVLIST
               Type flag for scalars.  See "svtype" in perlapi.

SV Manipulation Functions
       An SV (or AV, HV, etc.) is allocated in two parts: the head (struct sv,
       av, hv...) contains type and reference count information, and for many
       types, a pointer to the body (struct xrv, xpv, xpviv...), which
       contains fields specific to each type.  Some types store all they need
       in the head, so don't have a body.

       In all but the most memory-paranoid configurations (ex: PURIFY), heads
       and bodies are allocated out of arenas, which by default are
       approximately 4K chunks of memory parcelled up into N heads or bodies.
       Sv-bodies are allocated by their sv-type, guaranteeing size consistency
       needed to allocate safely from arrays.

       For SV-heads, the first slot in each arena is reserved, and holds a
       link to the next arena, some flags, and a note of the number of slots.
       Snaked through each arena chain is a linked list of free items; when
       this becomes empty, an extra arena is allocated and divided up into N
       items which are threaded into the free list.

       SV-bodies are similar, but they use arena-sets by default, which
       separate the link and info from the arena itself, and reclaim the 1st
       slot in the arena.  SV-bodies are further described later.

       The following global variables are associated with arenas:

        PL_sv_arenaroot     pointer to list of SV arenas
        PL_sv_root          pointer to list of free SV structures

        PL_body_arenas      head of linked-list of body arenas
        PL_body_roots[]     array of pointers to list of free bodies of svtype
                            arrays are indexed by the svtype needed

       A few special SV heads are not allocated from an arena, but are instead
       directly created in the interpreter structure, eg PL_sv_undef.  The
       size of arenas can be changed from the default by setting
       PERL_ARENA_SIZE appropriately at compile time.

       The SV arena serves the secondary purpose of allowing still-live SVs to
       be located and destroyed during final cleanup.

       At the lowest level, the macros new_SV() and del_SV() grab and free an
       SV head.  (If debugging with -DD, del_SV() calls the function
       S_del_sv() to return the SV to the free list with error checking.)
       new_SV() calls more_sv() / sv_add_arena() to add an extra arena if the
       free list is empty.  SVs in the free list have their SvTYPE field set
       to all ones.

       At the time of very final cleanup, sv_free_arenas() is called from
       perl_destruct() to physically free all the arenas allocated since the
       start of the interpreter.

       The function visit() scans the SV arenas list, and calls a specified
       function for each SV it finds which is still live - ie which has an
       SvTYPE other than all 1's, and a non-zero SvREFCNT. visit() is used by
       the following functions (specified as [function that calls visit()] /
       [function called by visit() for each SV]):

           sv_report_used() / do_report_used()
                               dump all remaining SVs (debugging aid)

           sv_clean_objs() / do_clean_objs(),do_clean_named_objs(),
                             do_clean_named_io_objs(),do_curse()
                               Attempt to free all objects pointed to by RVs,
                               try to do the same for all objects indir-
                               ectly referenced by typeglobs too, and
                               then do a final sweep, cursing any
                               objects that remain.  Called once from
                               perl_destruct(), prior to calling sv_clean_all()
                               below.

           sv_clean_all() / do_clean_all()
                               SvREFCNT_dec(sv) each remaining SV, possibly
                               triggering an sv_free(). It also sets the
                               SVf_BREAK flag on the SV to indicate that the
                               refcnt has been artificially lowered, and thus
                               stopping sv_free() from giving spurious warnings
                               about SVs which unexpectedly have a refcnt
                               of zero.  called repeatedly from perl_destruct()
                               until there are no SVs left.

       sv_2num NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Return an SV with the numeric value of the source SV, doing any
               necessary reference or overload conversion.  The caller is
               expected to have handled get-magic already.

                       SV*     sv_2num(SV *const sv)

       sv_add_arena
               Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of
               arenas, and split it into a list of free SVs.

                       void    sv_add_arena(char *const ptr, const U32 size,
                                            const U32 flags)

       sv_clean_all
               Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering
               a cleanup.  This function may have to be called multiple times
               to free SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.

                       I32     sv_clean_all()

       sv_clean_objs
               Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed.

                       void    sv_clean_objs()

       sv_free_arenas
               Deallocate the memory used by all arenas.  Note that all the
               individual SV heads and bodies within the arenas must already
               have been freed.

                       void    sv_free_arenas()

       SvTHINKFIRST
               A quick flag check to see whether an "sv" should be passed to
               "sv_force_normal" to be "downgraded" before "SvIVX" or "SvPVX"
               can be modified directly.

               For example, if your scalar is a reference and you want to
               modify the "SvIVX" slot, you can't just do "SvROK_off", as that
               will leak the referent.

               This is used internally by various sv-modifying functions, such
               as "sv_setsv", "sv_setiv" and "sv_pvn_force".

               One case that this does not handle is a gv without SvFAKE set.
               After

                   if (SvTHINKFIRST(gv)) sv_force_normal(gv);

               it will still be a gv.

               "SvTHINKFIRST" sometimes produces false positives.  In those
               cases "sv_force_normal" does nothing.

                       U32     SvTHINKFIRST(SV *sv)

Unicode Support
       These are various utility functions for manipulating UTF8-encoded
       strings.  For the uninitiated, this is a method of representing
       arbitrary Unicode characters as a variable number of bytes, in such a
       way that characters in the ASCII range are unmodified, and a zero byte
       never appears within non-zero characters.

       find_uninit_var
               NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
               removed without notice.

               Find the name of the undefined variable (if any) that caused
               the operator to issue a "Use of uninitialized value" warning.
               If match is true, only return a name if its value matches
               "uninit_sv".  So roughly speaking, if a unary operator (such as
               "OP_COS") generates a warning, then following the direct child
               of the op may yield an "OP_PADSV" or "OP_GV" that gives the
               name of the undefined variable.  On the other hand, with
               "OP_ADD" there are two branches to follow, so we only print the
               variable name if we get an exact match.  "desc_p" points to a
               string pointer holding the description of the op.  This may be
               updated if needed.

               The name is returned as a mortal SV.

               Assumes that "PL_op" is the OP that originally triggered the
               error, and that "PL_comppad"/"PL_curpad" points to the
               currently executing pad.

                       SV*     find_uninit_var(const OP *const obase,
                                               const SV *const uninit_sv,
                                               bool match, const char **desc_p)

       isSCRIPT_RUN
               Returns a bool as to whether or not the sequence of bytes from
               "s" up to but not including "send" form a "script run".
               "utf8_target" is TRUE iff the sequence starting at "s" is to be
               treated as UTF-8.  To be precise, except for two degenerate
               cases given below, this function returns TRUE iff all code
               points in it come from any combination of three "scripts" given
               by the Unicode "Script Extensions" property: Common, Inherited,
               and possibly one other.  Additionally all decimal digits must
               come from the same consecutive sequence of 10.

               For example, if all the characters in the sequence are Greek,
               or Common, or Inherited, this function will return TRUE,
               provided any decimal digits in it are from the same block of
               digits in Common.  (These are the ASCII digits "0".."9" and
               additionally a block for full width forms of these, and several
               others used in mathematical notation.)   For scripts (unlike
               Greek) that have their own digits defined this will accept
               either digits from that set or from one of the Common digit
               sets, but not a combination of the two.  Some scripts, such as
               Arabic, have more than one set of digits.  All digits must come
               from the same set for this function to return TRUE.

               *ret_script, if "ret_script" is not NULL, will on return of
               TRUE contain the script found, using the "SCX_enum" typedef.
               Its value will be "SCX_INVALID" if the function returns FALSE.

               If the sequence is empty, TRUE is returned, but *ret_script (if
               asked for) will be "SCX_INVALID".

               If the sequence contains a single code point which is
               unassigned to a character in the version of Unicode being used,
               the function will return TRUE, and the script will be
               "SCX_Unknown".  Any other combination of unassigned code points
               in the input sequence will result in the function treating the
               input as not being a script run.

               The returned script will be "SCX_Inherited" iff all the code
               points in it are from the Inherited script.

               Otherwise, the returned script will be "SCX_Common" iff all the
               code points in it are from the Inherited or Common scripts.

                       bool    isSCRIPT_RUN(const U8 *s, const U8 *send,
                                            const bool utf8_target)

       is_utf8_non_invariant_string
               Returns TRUE if "is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi returns
               FALSE for the first "len" bytes of the string "s", but they
               are, nonetheless, legal Perl-extended UTF-8; otherwise returns
               FALSE.

               A TRUE return means that at least one code point represented by
               the sequence either is a wide character not representable as a
               single byte, or the representation differs depending on whether
               the sequence is encoded in UTF-8 or not.

               See also ""is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi",
               ""is_utf8_string" in perlapi"

                       bool    is_utf8_non_invariant_string(const U8* const s,
                                                            STRLEN len)

       report_uninit
               Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning.

                       void    report_uninit(const SV *uninit_sv)

       utf8_to_uvuni_buf
               DEPRECATED!  It is planned to remove this function from a
               future release of Perl.  Do not use it for new code; remove it
               from existing code.

               Only in very rare circumstances should code need to be dealing
               in Unicode (as opposed to native) code points.  In those few
               cases, use "NATIVE_TO_UNI(utf8_to_uvchr_buf(...))" instead.  If
               you are not absolutely sure this is one of those cases, then
               assume it isn't and use plain "utf8_to_uvchr_buf" instead.

               Returns the Unicode (not-native) code point of the first
               character in the string "s" which is assumed to be in UTF-8
               encoding; "send" points to 1 beyond the end of "s".  "retlen"
               will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.

               If "s" does not point to a well-formed UTF-8 character and UTF8
               warnings are enabled, zero is returned and *retlen is set (if
               "retlen" isn't NULL) to -1.  If those warnings are off, the
               computed value if well-defined (or the Unicode REPLACEMENT
               CHARACTER, if not) is silently returned, and *retlen is set (if
               "retlen" isn't NULL) so that ("s" + *retlen) is the next
               possible position in "s" that could begin a non-malformed
               character.  See "utf8n_to_uvchr" in perlapi for details on when
               the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER is returned.

                       UV      utf8_to_uvuni_buf(const U8 *s, const U8 *send,
                                                 STRLEN *retlen)

       uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags
               THIS FUNCTION SHOULD BE USED IN ONLY VERY SPECIALIZED
               CIRCUMSTANCES.  Instead, Almost all code should use
               "uvchr_to_utf8" in perlapi or "uvchr_to_utf8_flags" in perlapi.

               This function is like them, but the input is a strict Unicode
               (as opposed to native) code point.  Only in very rare
               circumstances should code not be using the native code point.

               For details, see the description for "uvchr_to_utf8_flags" in
               perlapi.

                       U8*     uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv,
                                                      const UV flags)

       valid_utf8_to_uvchr
               Like ""utf8_to_uvchr_buf" in perlapi", but should only be
               called when it is known that the next character in the input
               UTF-8 string "s" is well-formed (e.g., it passes ""isUTF8_CHAR"
               in perlapi".  Surrogates, non-character code points, and non-
               Unicode code points are allowed.

                       UV      valid_utf8_to_uvchr(const U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen)

       variant_under_utf8_count
               This function looks at the sequence of bytes between "s" and
               "e", which are assumed to be encoded in ASCII/Latin1, and
               returns how many of them would change should the string be
               translated into UTF-8.  Due to the nature of UTF-8, each of
               these would occupy two bytes instead of the single one in the
               input string.  Thus, this function returns the precise number
               of bytes the string would expand by when translated to UTF-8.

               Unlike most of the other functions that have "utf8" in their
               name, the input to this function is NOT a UTF-8-encoded string.
               The function name is slightly odd to emphasize this.

               This function is internal to Perl because khw thinks that any
               XS code that would want this is probably operating too close to
               the internals.  Presenting a valid use case could change that.

               See also ""is_utf8_invariant_string" in perlapi" and
               ""is_utf8_invariant_string_loc" in perlapi",

                       Size_t  variant_under_utf8_count(const U8* const s,
                                                        const U8* const e)

Undocumented functions
       The following functions are currently undocumented.  If you use one of
       them, you may wish to consider creating and submitting documentation
       for it.

       ASCII_TO_NEED
       NATIVE_TO_NEED
       POPMARK
       PadnameIN_SCOPE
       PerlIO_restore_errno
       PerlIO_save_errno
       PerlLIO_dup2_cloexec
       PerlLIO_dup_cloexec
       PerlLIO_open3_cloexec
       PerlLIO_open_cloexec
       PerlProc_pipe_cloexec
       PerlSock_accept_cloexec
       PerlSock_socket_cloexec
       PerlSock_socketpair_cloexec
       ReANY
       Slab_Alloc
       Slab_Free
       Slab_to_ro
       Slab_to_rw
       TOPMARK
       _add_range_to_invlist
       _byte_dump_string
       _force_out_malformed_utf8_message
       _inverse_folds
       _invlistEQ
       _invlist_array_init
       _invlist_contains_cp
       _invlist_dump
       _invlist_intersection
       _invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd
       _invlist_invert
       _invlist_len
       _invlist_search
       _invlist_subtract
       _invlist_union
       _invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd
       _is_cur_LC_category_utf8
       _is_in_locale_category
       _is_uni_FOO
       _is_uni_perl_idcont
       _is_uni_perl_idstart
       _is_utf8_FOO
       _is_utf8_perl_idcont
       _is_utf8_perl_idstart
       _mem_collxfrm
       _new_invlist
       _new_invlist_C_array
       _setup_canned_invlist
       _to_fold_latin1
       _to_uni_fold_flags
       _to_upper_title_latin1
       _to_utf8_fold_flags
       _to_utf8_lower_flags
       _to_utf8_title_flags
       _to_utf8_upper_flags
       _utf8n_to_uvchr_msgs_helper
       _warn_problematic_locale
       abort_execution
       add_cp_to_invlist
       alloc_LOGOP
       allocmy
       amagic_cmp
       amagic_cmp_desc
       amagic_cmp_locale
       amagic_cmp_locale_desc
       amagic_i_ncmp
       amagic_i_ncmp_desc
       amagic_is_enabled
       amagic_ncmp
       amagic_ncmp_desc
       append_utf8_from_native_byte
       apply
       av_extend_guts
       av_nonelem
       av_reify
       bind_match
       boot_core_PerlIO
       boot_core_UNIVERSAL
       boot_core_mro
       cando
       check_utf8_print
       ck_anoncode
       ck_backtick
       ck_bitop
       ck_cmp
       ck_concat
       ck_defined
       ck_delete
       ck_each
       ck_entersub_args_core
       ck_eof
       ck_eval
       ck_exec
       ck_exists
       ck_ftst
       ck_fun
       ck_glob
       ck_grep
       ck_index
       ck_isa
       ck_join
       ck_length
       ck_lfun
       ck_listiob
       ck_match
       ck_method
       ck_null
       ck_open
       ck_prototype
       ck_readline
       ck_refassign
       ck_repeat
       ck_require
       ck_return
       ck_rfun
       ck_rvconst
       ck_sassign
       ck_select
       ck_shift
       ck_smartmatch
       ck_sort
       ck_spair
       ck_split
       ck_stringify
       ck_subr
       ck_substr
       ck_svconst
       ck_tell
       ck_trunc
       closest_cop
       cmp_desc
       cmp_locale_desc
       cmpchain_extend
       cmpchain_finish
       cmpchain_start
       cntrl_to_mnemonic
       coresub_op
       create_eval_scope
       croak_caller
       croak_memory_wrap
       croak_no_mem
       croak_popstack
       current_re_engine
       custom_op_get_field
       cv_ckproto_len_flags
       cv_clone_into
       cv_const_sv_or_av
       cv_undef_flags
       cvgv_from_hek
       cvgv_set
       cvstash_set
       deb_stack_all
       defelem_target
       delete_eval_scope
       delimcpy_no_escape
       die_unwind
       do_aexec
       do_aexec5
       do_eof
       do_exec
       do_exec3
       do_ipcctl
       do_ipcget
       do_msgrcv
       do_msgsnd
       do_ncmp
       do_open6
       do_open_raw
       do_print
       do_readline
       do_seek
       do_semop
       do_shmio
       do_sysseek
       do_tell
       do_trans
       do_uniprop_match
       do_vecget
       do_vecset
       do_vop
       does_utf8_overflow
       dofile
       drand48_init_r
       drand48_r
       dtrace_probe_call
       dtrace_probe_load
       dtrace_probe_op
       dtrace_probe_phase
       dump_all_perl
       dump_packsubs_perl
       dump_sub_perl
       dump_sv_child
       dup_warnings
       emulate_cop_io
       find_first_differing_byte_pos
       find_lexical_cv
       find_runcv_where
       find_script
       foldEQ_latin1_s2_folded
       foldEQ_utf8_flags
       form_alien_digit_msg
       form_cp_too_large_msg
       free_tied_hv_pool
       get_and_check_backslash_N_name
       get_db_sub
       get_debug_opts
       get_deprecated_property_msg
       get_hash_seed
       get_invlist_iter_addr
       get_invlist_offset_addr
       get_invlist_previous_index_addr
       get_no_modify
       get_opargs
       get_prop_definition
       get_prop_values
       get_re_arg
       get_re_gclass_nonbitmap_data
       get_regclass_nonbitmap_data
       get_regex_charset_name
       getenv_len
       grok_bin_oct_hex
       grok_bslash_c
       grok_bslash_o
       grok_bslash_x
       gv_fetchmeth_internal
       gv_override
       gv_setref
       gv_stashpvn_internal
       gv_stashsvpvn_cached
       hfree_next_entry
       hv_backreferences_p
       hv_kill_backrefs
       hv_placeholders_p
       hv_pushkv
       hv_undef_flags
       init_argv_symbols
       init_constants
       init_dbargs
       init_debugger
       init_i18nl10n
       init_i18nl14n
       init_named_cv
       init_uniprops
       invert
       invlist_array
       invlist_clear
       invlist_clone
       invlist_contents
       invlist_extend
       invlist_highest
       invlist_is_iterating
       invlist_iterfinish
       invlist_iterinit
       invlist_iternext
       invlist_lowest
       invlist_max
       invlist_previous_index
       invlist_set_len
       invlist_set_previous_index
       invlist_trim
       invmap_dump
       io_close
       isFF_OVERLONG
       isFOO_lc
       is_grapheme
       is_invlist
       is_utf8_char_helper
       is_utf8_common
       is_utf8_overlong_given_start_byte_ok
       jmaybe
       keyword
       keyword_plugin_standard
       list
       load_charnames
       localize
       lossless_NV_to_IV
       magic_clear_all_env
       magic_cleararylen_p
       magic_clearenv
       magic_clearisa
       magic_clearpack
       magic_clearsig
       magic_copycallchecker
       magic_existspack
       magic_freearylen_p
       magic_freeovrld
       magic_get
       magic_getarylen
       magic_getdebugvar
       magic_getdefelem
       magic_getnkeys
       magic_getpack
       magic_getpos
       magic_getsig
       magic_getsubstr
       magic_gettaint
       magic_getuvar
       magic_getvec
       magic_killbackrefs
       magic_nextpack
       magic_regdata_cnt
       magic_regdatum_get
       magic_regdatum_set
       magic_scalarpack
       magic_set
       magic_set_all_env
       magic_setarylen
       magic_setcollxfrm
       magic_setdbline
       magic_setdebugvar
       magic_setdefelem
       magic_setenv
       magic_setisa
       magic_setlvref
       magic_setmglob
       magic_setnkeys
       magic_setnonelem
       magic_setpack
       magic_setpos
       magic_setregexp
       magic_setsig
       magic_setsubstr
       magic_settaint
       magic_setutf8
       magic_setuvar
       magic_setvec
       magic_sizepack
       magic_wipepack
       malloc_good_size
       malloced_size
       mem_collxfrm
       mem_log_alloc
       mem_log_free
       mem_log_realloc
       mg_find_mglob
       mode_from_discipline
       more_bodies
       mortal_getenv
       mro_meta_dup
       mro_meta_init
       multiconcat_stringify
       multideref_stringify
       my_atof2
       my_atof3
       my_attrs
       my_clearenv
       my_lstat_flags
       my_memrchr
       my_mkostemp
       my_mkostemp_cloexec
       my_mkstemp
       my_mkstemp_cloexec
       my_stat_flags
       my_strerror
       my_unexec
       newGP
       newMETHOP_internal
       newSTUB
       newSVavdefelem
       newXS_deffile
       new_warnings_bitfield
       nextargv
       noperl_die
       notify_parser_that_changed_to_utf8
       oopsAV
       oopsHV
       op_clear
       op_integerize
       op_lvalue_flags
       op_refcnt_dec
       op_refcnt_inc
       op_relocate_sv
       op_std_init
       op_unscope
       opmethod_stash
       opslab_force_free
       opslab_free
       opslab_free_nopad
       package
       package_version
       pad_add_weakref
       padlist_store
       padname_free
       padnamelist_free
       parse_unicode_opts
       parser_free
       parser_free_nexttoke_ops
       path_is_searchable
       peep
       pmruntime
       populate_isa
       ptr_hash
       qerror
       re_exec_indentf
       re_indentf
       re_intuit_start
       re_intuit_string
       re_op_compile
       re_printf
       reg_named_buff
       reg_named_buff_iter
       reg_numbered_buff_fetch
       reg_numbered_buff_length
       reg_numbered_buff_store
       reg_qr_package
       reg_skipcomment
       reg_temp_copy
       regcurly
       regprop
       report_evil_fh
       report_redefined_cv
       report_wrongway_fh
       rpeep
       rsignal_restore
       rsignal_save
       rxres_save
       same_dirent
       save_strlen
       save_to_buffer
       sawparens
       scalar
       scalarvoid
       scan_str
       scan_word
       set_caret_X
       set_numeric_standard
       set_numeric_underlying
       set_padlist
       setfd_cloexec
       setfd_cloexec_for_nonsysfd
       setfd_cloexec_or_inhexec_by_sysfdness
       setfd_inhexec
       setfd_inhexec_for_sysfd
       should_warn_nl
       should_we_output_Debug_r
       sighandler
       sighandler1
       sighandler3
       skipspace_flags
       softref2xv
       sortsv_flags_impl
       sub_crush_depth
       sv_add_backref
       sv_buf_to_ro
       sv_del_backref
       sv_free2
       sv_i_ncmp
       sv_i_ncmp_desc
       sv_kill_backrefs
       sv_len_utf8_nomg
       sv_magicext_mglob
       sv_ncmp
       sv_ncmp_desc
       sv_only_taint_gmagic
       sv_or_pv_pos_u2b
       sv_resetpvn
       sv_sethek
       sv_setsv_cow
       sv_unglob
       tied_method
       tmps_grow_p
       to_uni_fold
       to_uni_lower
       to_uni_title
       to_uni_upper
       translate_substr_offsets
       try_amagic_bin
       try_amagic_un
       uiv_2buf
       unshare_hek
       utf16_to_utf8
       utf16_to_utf8_reversed
       utf8_to_uvchr_buf_helper
       utilize
       uvoffuni_to_utf8_flags_msgs
       uvuni_to_utf8
       valid_utf8_to_uvuni
       variant_byte_number
       varname
       vivify_defelem
       vivify_ref
       wait4pid
       was_lvalue_sub
       watch
       win32_croak_not_implemented
       write_to_stderr
       xs_boot_epilog
       xs_handshake
       yyerror
       yyerror_pv
       yyerror_pvn
       yylex
       yyparse
       yyquit
       yyunlex

AUTHORS
       The autodocumentation system was originally added to the Perl core by
       Benjamin Stuhl.  Documentation is by whoever was kind enough to
       document their functions.


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


       +---------------+-----------------------+
       |ATTRIBUTE TYPE |   ATTRIBUTE VALUE     |
       +---------------+-----------------------+
       |Availability   | runtime/perl-532      |
       +---------------+-----------------------+
       |Stability      | Pass-through volatile |
       +---------------+-----------------------+

SEE ALSO
       config.h perlapi perlapio perlcall perlclib perlfilter perlguts
       perlmroapi perlxs perlxstut warnings



NOTES
       Source code for open source software components in Oracle Solaris can
       be found at https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/solaris-source-
       code-downloads.html.

       This software was built from source available at
       https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland.  The original community
       source was downloaded from
       http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.32.0.tar.gz.

       Further information about this software can be found on the open source
       community website at https://www.perl.org/.



perl v5.32.0                      2022-06-28                     PERLINTERN(1)