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System Administration Guide, Volume I
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About This Book
Part I Managing User Accounts and Groups
Chapter 1 Managing User Accounts and Groups (Overview)
What Are User Accounts and Groups?
Guidelines for Managing User Accounts
Name Services
User (Login) Names
User ID Numbers
Using Large User IDs and Group IDs
Passwords
Password Aging
Home Directories
The User's Work Environment
Guidelines for Managing Groups
Tools for Managing User Accounts and Groups
What You Can Do With Admintool
Modify User Accounts
Delete User Accounts
Add Customized User Initialization Files
Administer Passwords
Disable User Accounts
Where User Account and Group Information Is Stored
Fields in the passwd File
Fields in the Shadow File
Fields in the Group File
UNIX User Groups
Customizing a User's Work Environment
Use Site Initialization Files
Avoid Local System References
Shell Features
Shell Environment
The PATH Variable
Guidelines
Examples--Setting a User's Default Path
The Locale Variables
Examples--Setting the Locale Using the LANG Variables
Default File Permissions (umask)
Examples of User and Site Initialization Files
Example--.profile File
Example--.cshrc File
Example--Site Initialization File
Chapter 2 Setting Up and Maintaining User Accounts and Groups (Tasks)
Becoming Superuser (root)
How to Become Superuser (root)
Setting Up User Accounts Task Map
User Information Data Sheet
How to Customize User Initialization Files
Example--Customizing User Initialization Files
How to Start Admintool
Example--Starting Admintool
How to Add a Group
Example--Adding a Group
How to Add a New User Account
Where to Go From Here
Example--Adding a New User Account
How to Share a User's Home Directory
Where to Go From Here
Example--Sharing a User's Home Directory
How to Mount a User's Home Directory
Example--Mounting a User's Home Directory
Maintaining User Accounts Task Map
How to Modify a Group
Example--Modifying a Group
How to Delete a Group
How to Modify a User Account
Example--Modifying a User Account
How to Disable a User Account
Example--Disabling a User Account
How to Change a User's Password
Example--Changing a User's Password
How to Change Password Aging for a User Account
Example--Changing Password Aging for a User Account
How to Delete a User Account
Example--Deleting a User Account
Solaris User Registration
Accessing Solaris Solve
Troubleshooting Solaris User Registration Problems
How to Restart Solaris User Registration
How To Disable User Registration
Part II Managing Server and Client Support
Chapter 3 Managing Server and Client Support (Overview)
Where to Find Server and Client Tasks
What Are Servers and Clients?
What Does Support Mean?
Overview of System Types
Servers
Standalone Systems
Diskless Clients
JavaStation Client
AutoClient Systems
Guidelines for Choosing System Types
Tools for Managing Server and Client Support
What You Can Do With Host Manager
Add and Maintain Support
Update System Types
Convert System Types
Add OS Services
Adding OS Services to a Server When the OS Services Have Been Patched
Remove OS Services
Set Up Remote Installation Services
Queue Tasks
Set Root Passwords
Enable Scripts
Add a Multihomed Host
What You Can't Do With Host Manager
Running Host Manager as Superuser
Chapter 4 Managing Server and Client Support (Tasks)
Adding Server and Client Support Task Map
How to Start Solstice Host Manager
Example--Host Manager Main Window
How to Update System Types
How to Set Defaults for Adding Support
How to Add Support for a Standalone System or OS Server
Example--Completed Host Manager Add Window for a Standalone System
Where to Go From Here
How to Convert a System to an OS Server
Example--Completed Host Manager Convert Window
How to Add SunOS 4.0 and Compatible OS Services to an OS Server
Where to Go From Here
How to Add Solaris 7 OS Services to an OS Server
Example--Completed Add OS Services Window
How to Add Support for an AutoClient System
Example--Completed Host Manager Add Window for an AutoClient System
How to Add Support for a Diskless Client
Example--Completed Host Manager Add Window for a Diskless Client
Maintaining Server and Client Support Task Map
How to Modify Support for a System
How to Delete Support for a System
Using the Host Manager Command-Line Interface to Automate Setup Tasks
Part III Shutting Down and Booting a System
Chapter 5 Shutting Down and Booting a System (Overview)
What's New in Shutting Down and Booting a System?
Bringing a System to Run Level S (Single-User Mode)
Booting a System Running the 32-bit or 64-bit Solaris 7 Operating Environment
Where to Find Shutting Down and Booting Tasks
Terminology
Guidelines for Shutting Down a System
Guidelines for Booting a System
Performing a Reconfiguration Boot
When to Shut Down a System
When to Boot a System
Chapter 6 Run Levels and Boot Files (Tasks)
Run Levels
How to Determine a System's Run Level
Example--Determining a System's Run Level
The /etc/inittab File
Example--Default inittab File
What Happens When the System Is Brought to Run Level 3
Run Control Scripts
Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start Services
How to Use a Run Control Script to Stop or Start a Service
Example--Using a Run Control Script to Stop or Start a Service
Adding a Run Control Script
How to Add a Run Control Script
Example--Adding a Run Control Script
Disabling a Run Control Script
How to Disable a Run Control Script
Example--Disabling a Run Control Script
Run Control Script Summaries
Chapter 7 Shutting Down a System (Tasks)
When to Shut Down the System
How to Shut Down a System
When to Turn Off Power to Devices
Notifying Users of System Down Time
How to Determine Who Is Logged in to a System
Example--Determining Who Is Logged in to a System
How to Shut Down a Server
Example--Bringing a SPARC System to Run Level S (Server)
Example--Bringing a SPARC System to Run Level 0 (Server)
Example--Rebooting a SPARC System to Run Level 3 (Server)
Where to Go From Here
How to Shut Down a Standalone System
Example--Bringing an x86 System to Run Level 0 (Standalone)
Example--Bringing a SPARC System to Run Level S (Standalone)
Where to Go From Here
How to Turn Off Power to All Devices
Chapter 8 Booting a SPARC System (Tasks)
SPARC: Using the Boot PROM
SPARC: How to Switch to the ok Prompt
SPARC: How to Find the PROM Release for a System
SPARC: How to Change the Default Boot Device
SPARC: Example--Changing the Default Boot Device
SPARC: How to Reset the System
Booting a SPARC System
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser State)
Example--Booting a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser State)
SPARC: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User State)
SPARC: Example--Booting a System to Run Level S (Single-User State)
SPARC: How to Boot a System Interactively
SPARC: Example--Booting a System Interactively
SPARC: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: Example--Booting a System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: Example--Stopping the System for Recovery Purposes
SPARC: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
SPARC: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
SPARC: Example--Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
SPARC: How to Boot the System Using the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
SPARC: Example--Booting the System Using the Kernel Debugger (kadb)
Chapter 9 x86: Booting a System (Tasks)
Booting an x86 System
x86: How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser State)
x86: Example--Booting a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser State)
x86: How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User State)
x86: Example--Booting a System to Run Level S (Single-User State)
x86: How to Boot a System Interactively
x86: Example--Booting a System Interactively
x86: How to Boot a System for Recovery Purposes
x86: Example--Booting a System for Recovery Purposes
x86: How to Stop the System for Recovery Purposes
x86: Forcing a Crash Dump and Rebooting the System
x86: How to Force a Crash Dump and Reboot the System
Chapter 10 The Boot Process (Reference)
SPARC: The Boot PROM
SPARC: The Boot Process
SPARC: The Boot Process Details
x86: The PC BIOS
x86: Boot Subsystems
x86: Booting Solaris
x86: Menus Displayed During the Device Identification Phase
x86: Configuration Assistant Menu
x86: Bus Enumeration Menu
x86: Scanning Devices Menu
x86: Identified Devices Menu
x86: Menus Displayed During the Boot Phase
x86: Boot Solaris Menu
x86: Solaris Boot Options Menu
x86: The Boot Process
x86: The Boot Process Details
Part IV Managing Removable Media
Chapter 11 Guidelines for Using CDs and Diskettes (Overview)
Where to Find Managing Removable Media Tasks
Features and Benefits
Comparison of Automatic and Manual Mounting
What You Can Do With Diskettes and CDs
Chapter 12 Using CDs From the Command Line (Tasks)
Using CDs Task Map
Using CD Names
How to Load a CD
How to Examine the Contents of a CD
Example--Examining the Contents of a CD
How to Copy Information From a CD
Example--Copying Information From a CD
How to Find Out If a CD Is Still in Use
Example--Finding Out If a CD Is Still in Use
How to Eject a CD
How to Access CDs on Other Systems
Example--Accessing CDs on Other Systems
How to Make Local CDs Available to Other Systems
Example--Making Local CDs Available to Other Systems
How to Configure a System to Play Musical CDs
Example--Configuring a System to Play Musical CDs
How to Prepare a System for a New CD-ROM Drive
Configuring Volume Management
How to Stop Volume Management
How to Restart Volume Management
Chapter 13 Formatting and Using Diskettes From the Command Line (Tasks)
Formatting Diskettes Task Map
Using Diskette Names
Hardware Considerations
How to Format a UFS Diskette
Examples--Formatting a UFS Diskette
How to Place a UFS File System on a Diskette
Example--Placing a UFS File System on a Diskette
How to Format a DOS Diskette
Example--Formatting a DOS Diskette
Using Diskettes Task Map
How to Load a Diskette
How to Examine the Contents of a Diskette
Example--Examining the Contents of a Diskette
How to Copy or Move Information From a Diskette
Examples--Copying or Moving Information from a Diskette
How to Copy or Move Information to a Diskette
Examples--Copying or Moving Information to a Diskette
How to Find Out If a Diskette Is Still in Use
Example--Finding Out If a Diskette Is Still In Use
How to Eject a Diskette
How to Access Diskettes on Other Systems
Example--Accessing Diskettes on Other Systems
How to Make Local Diskettes Available to Other Systems
Example--Making Local Diskettes Available to Other Systems
Chapter 14 Using PCMCIA Memory Cards From the Command Line (Tasks)
Formatting PCMCIA Memory Cards Task Map
Using PCMCIA Memory Cards Names
Hardware Considerations
How to Format a UFS PCMCIA Memory Card
Examples--Formatting a UFS PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Place a UFS File System on a PCMCIA Memory Card
Example--Placing a UFS File System on a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Format a DOS PCMCIA Memory Card
Using PCMCIA Memory Cards Task Map
How to Load a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Examine the Contents of a PCMCIA Memory Card
Example--Displaying the Contents of a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Copy or Move Information From a PCMCIA Memory Card
Examples--Copying or Moving Information from a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Copy or Move Information to a PCMCIA Memory Card
Examples--Copying or Moving Information to a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Find Out If a PCMCIA Memory Card Is Still In Use
Example--Finding Out If a PCMCIA Memory Card Is Still In Use
How to Eject a PCMCIA Memory Card
How to Access PCMCIA Memory Cards on Other Systems
Example--Accessing PCMCIA Memory Cards on Other Systems
How to Make Local PCMCIA Memory Cards Available to Other Systems
Example--Making Local PCMCIA Memory Cards Available to Other Systems
Chapter 15 How Volume Management Works (Reference)
Volume Management Mounts All Removable Media
Volume Management Provides Access to Diskettes
Volume Management Provides Access to CDs
Volume Management Supplies Convenient Mount Points for Easier Access
Volume Management Creates Two Sets of Symbolic Links
Symbolic Links for File System Access
Symbolic Links for Raw Device Access
Volume Management Can Be Limited by UFS Formats
What About Mixed Formats?
Part V Managing Software
Chapter 16 Software Administration (Overview)
Where to Find Software Administration Tasks
Software Packages
Tools for Managing Software
What Happens When You Add or Remove a Package
What You Should Know Before Adding or Removing Packages
Guidelines for Client Software Administration
Installing Sun Packages on Servers and Clients
Installing Third-Party Packages on Servers and Clients
Installing Packages in Heterogeneous Environments
Guidelines for Removing Packages
Avoiding User Interaction When Adding Packages
Using an Administration File
Using a Response File
Chapter 17 Software Administration (Tasks)
Commands for Handling Software Packages
Known Problem With Adding and Removing Packages
Adding Packages
How to Add Packages to a Standalone System
Example--Installing Software From a Mounted CD
Example--Installing Software From a Remote Package Server
Using a Spool Directory
How to Add a Package to a Spool Directory
Example--Setting Up a Spool Directory From a Mounted CD
Example--Setting Up a Spool Directory From a Remote Package Server
Example--Installing a Package From the Default Spool Directory
Adding Packages in a Homogeneous Client/Server Environment
Adding Sun Packages on Clients
Adding Third-Party Packages on Clients
Adding Packages in a Heterogeneous Client/Server Environment
How to Determine Where a Package's Files Will Be Installed
Example--Determining Where a Package's Files Will Be Installed
How to Add a Package to a Diskless or AutoClient System's root (/) File System
Example--Installing a Package From a Mounted CD to a Diskless Client's Root File System
Example--Installing a Package From a Package Server to a Diskless Client's Root File System
How to Add Packages to a Server
Example--Installing Software From a Mounted CD
Checking the Installation of Packages
How to List Information About All Installed Packages
Example--Listing All Packages Installed
Example--Listing All Packages Installed on a Diskless or AutoClient System
How to Check the Integrity of an Installed Package
Example--Checking the Contents of an Installed Package
Example--Checking the File Attributes of an Installed Package
Example--Checking Packages Installed in a Spool Directory
How to Display Detailed Information About a Package
Example--Displaying Detailed Information About a Package
Removing Packages From Servers and Standalone Systems
How to Remove a Package
How to Remove a Spooled Package
How to Remove a Diskless or AutoClient System's Package
Example--Removing a Diskless Client's Package
Adding and Removing Packages Using Admintool
How to Add Packages With Admintool
How to Remove Packages With Admintool
Chapter 18 Patch Administration (Overview)
What Is a Patch
Tools For Managing Patches
Patch Distribution
What You Need to Access Sun Patches
Patch Access Via the World Wide Web
Patch Access Via ftp
Patch Numbering
What Happens When You Install a Patch
What Happens When You Remove a Patch
Part VI Managing Devices
Chapter 19 Device Management (Overview/Tasks)
What's New in Device Management?
Dynamic Reconfiguration
x86: SCSI Disk Driver (sd)
Where to Find Device Management Tasks
About Device Drivers
Automatic Configuration of Devices
Features and Benefits
What You Need For Unsupported Devices
Adding a Peripheral Device to a System
How to Add a Peripheral Device
How to a Add a Device Driver
Example--Adding a Device Driver
Displaying Device Configuration Information
driver not attached Message
Identifying a System's Devices
How to Display System Configuration Information
Examples--Displaying System Configuration Information
How to Display Device Information
Examples--Displaying Device Information
Chapter 20 Accessing Devices (Overview)
Accessing Devices
How Device Information Is Created
Device Naming Conventions
Logical Disk Device Names
Specifying the Disk Subdirectory
Specifying the Slice
SPARC: Disks With Direct Controllers
x86: Disks With Direct Controllers
SPARC: Disks With Bus-Oriented Controllers
x86: Disks With SCSI Controllers
Logical Tape Device Names
Logical CD-ROM Device Names
Part VII Managing Disks
Chapter 21 Disk Management (Overview)
Where to Find Disk Management Tasks
Introduction
Disk Terminology
About Disk Slices
SPARC: Disk Slices
x86: Disk Slices
Using Raw Data Slices
Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks
Determining Which Slices to Use
The format Utility
Definition
Features and Benefits
When to Use the format Utility
Guidelines for Using the format Utility
Formatting a Disk
About Disk Labels
Partition Table
Examples--Partition Tables
Dividing a Disk Into Slices
Using the Free Hog Slice
Chapter 22 Administering Disks (Tasks)
Administering Disks Task Map
Identifying Disks on a System
How to Identify the Disks on a System
Examples--Identifying the Disks on a System
Where to Go From Here
Formatting a Disk
How to Determine If a Disk is Formatted
Example--Determining If a Disk Is Formatted
How to Format a Disk
Example--Formatting a Disk
Displaying Disk Slices
How to Display Disk Slice Information
Examples--Displaying Disk Slice Information
Creating and Examining a Disk Label
How to Label a Disk
Example--Labeling a Disk
How to Examine a Disk Label
Example--Examining a Disk Label
Recovering a Corrupted Disk Label
How to Recover a Corrupted Disk Label
Adding a Third-Party Disk
Creating a format.dat Entry
How to Create a format.dat Entry
Automatically Configuring SCSI Disk Drives
How to Automatically Configure a SCSI Drive
Repairing a Defective Sector
How to Identify a Defective Sector by Using Surface Analysis
How to Repair a Defective Sector
Tips and Tricks
Debugging format Sessions
Label Multiple Disks by Using the prtvtoc and fmthard Commands
Example--Labeling Multiple Disks
Chapter 23 SPARC: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
SPARC: About System and Secondary Disks
SPARC: Adding a System or Secondary Disk Task Map
SPARC: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a System Disk
SPARC: Example--Creating Disk Slices and Labeling a Secondary Disk
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Create File Systems
Where to Go From Here
SPARC: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
SPARC: Example--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 24 x86: Adding a Disk (Tasks)
x86: About System and Secondary Disks
x86: Adding a System or Secondary Disk Task Map
x86: Guidelines for Creating an fdisk Partition
x86: How to Connect a System Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
x86: How to Connect a Secondary Disk and Boot
Where to Go From Here
x86: How to Create a Solaris fdisk Partition
Where to Go From Here
x86: Example--Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition That Spans the Entire Drive
x86: Example--Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition and Preserving an Existing fdisk Partition
x86: Example--Creating a Solaris fdisk Partition and an Additional fdisk Partition
x86: How to Create Disk Slices and Label a Disk
Where to Go From Here
x86: How to Create File Systems
Where to Go From Here
x86: How to Install a Boot Block on a System Disk
x86: Example--Installing a Boot Block on a System Disk
Chapter 25 The format Utility (Reference)
Requirements or Restrictions for Using the format Utility
Recommendations for Preserving Information When Using format
Format Menu and Command Descriptions
The partition Menu
x86: The fdisk Menu
The analyze Menu
The defect Menu
Files Used by format--format.dat
Structure
Syntax
Keywords
Disk Type
Slice Tables
Location
Rules for Input to format Commands
Numbers
Block Numbers
Command Names
Other Names
Help
Associated Man Pages
Part VIII Managing File Systems
Chapter 26 File Systems (Overview)
What's New in File Systems?
Introduction
Types of File Systems
Disk-based File Systems
Network-based File Systems
Virtual File Systems
The Cache File System
The Temporary File System
The Loopback File System
The Process File System
Additional Virtual File Systems
File System Administration Commands
How the File System Commands Determine the File System Type
Manual Pages for Generic and Specific Commands
The Default Solaris File Systems
Swap Space
The UFS File System
Parts of a UFS File System
UFS Logging
Planning UFS File Systems
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
The Mounted File System Table
The Virtual File System Table
The Network File System (NFS)
AutoFS
The Cache File System (CacheFS)
Deciding How to Mount File Systems
Determining a File System's Type
How to Determine a File System's Type
Example--Determining a File System's Type
Chapter 27 Creating File Systems (Tasks)
Creating a UFS File System
File System Parameters
How to Create a UFS File System
Example--Creating a UFS File System
Where to Go From Here
Creating a Temporary File System (TMPFS)
How to Create a TMPFS File System
Example--Creating a TMPFS File System
Example--Creating a TMPFS File System at Boot Time
Creating a Loopback File System (LOFS)
How to Create a LOFS File System
Example--Creating a LOFS File System
Example--Creating a LOFS File System at Boot Time
Chapter 28 Mounting and Unmounting File Systems (Tasks)
Mounting File Systems
Commands Used to Mount and Unmount File Systems
Commonly Used Mount Options
How to Determine Which File Systems Are Mounted
Example--Determining Which File Systems Are Mounted
Mounting File Systems Using the /etc/vfstab File
/etc/vfstab Field Descriptions
How to Add an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
Examples--Adding an Entry to the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount Multiple File Systems Listed in the /etc/vfstab File
Examples--Mounting Multiple File Systems Listed in the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount a File System Listed in the /etc/vfstab File
Example--Mounting a File System Listed in the /etc/vfstab File
Mounting File Systems Using the mount Command
How to Mount a UFS File System
Example--Mounting a UFS File System
Example--Mounting a UFS File System With Logging Enabled
How to Remount a UFS File System Without Large Files
Example--Mounting a File System Without Large Files
How to Mount an NFS File System
Example--Mounting an NFS File System
x86: How to Mount a System V (S5FS) File System
Example--Mounting an S5FS File System
x86: How to Mount a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk
Examples--Mounting a PCFS (DOS) File System From a Hard Disk
Unmounting File Systems
Prerequisites
Verifying an Unmounted File System
How to Stop All Processes for a File System
Example--Stopping All Processes for a File System
How to Unmount a File System
Examples--Unmounting a File System
How to Unmount File Systems Listed in the /etc/vfstab File
Chapter 29 The Cache File System (Tasks)
How CacheFS Works
Setting Up a Cached File System Task Map
Creating a Cache
How to Create a Cache
Example--Creating a Cache
Specifying a File System to Be Mounted in the Cache
How to Specify a File System to Be Mounted in a Cache With mount
Examples--Specifying a File System to be Mounted in a Cache With mount
How to Mount a File System in a Cache by Editing the /etc/vfstab File
Example--Mounting a File System in a Cache by Editing the /etc/vfstab File
How to Mount a File System in a Cache With AutoFS
Example--Mounting a File System in a Cache With AutoFS
Maintaining a Cached File System Task Map
Maintaining the Cache
How to Modify File Systems in a Cache
Example--Modifying File Systems in a Cache
How to Display Information About Cached File Systems
Example--Displaying Information About Cached File Systems
How to Specify Consistency Checking on Demand
How to Delete a Cached File System
Examples--Deleting a Cached File System
How to Check the Integrity of Cached File Systems
Example--Checking the Integrity of Cached File Systems
Managing Your Cache File Systems With cachefspack
How to Pack Files in the Cache
Examples--Packing Files in the Cache
Packing Lists
How to Create a Packing List
Example--Creating a Packing List
How to Pack Files in the Cache as Specified in a Packing List
Example--Packing Files in the Cache as Specified in a Packing List
How to Specify Files in the Packing List to be Treated as Regular Expressions
Example--Specifying Files in the Packing List to be Treated as Regular Expressions
How to Pack Files From a Shared Directory
Example--Packing Files From a Shared Directory
Unpacking Files
How to Unpack Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Examples--Unpacking Files or Packing Lists From the Cache
Displaying Packed Files Information
How to Display Packed Files Information
Example--Displaying Packed Files Information
Viewing Help on the cachefspack Command
cachefspack Errors
CacheFS Statistics
Prerequisites for Setting Up and Viewing the CacheFS Statistics
Setting Up CacheFS Statistics Task Map
CacheFS Logging
How to Set Up the Logging Process
Example--Setting Up the Logging Process
How to Locate the Log File
Examples--Locating the Log File
How to Stop the Logging Process
Example--Stopping the Logging Process
Viewing the Cache Size
How to View the Working Set (Cache) Size
Example--Viewing the Working Set (Cache) Size
Viewing the Statistics
How to View Cache Statistics
Example--Viewing Cache Statistics
The Cache Structure and Behavior
Consistency Checking of Cached File Systems With the Back File System
Consistency Checking on Demand
Chapter 30 Configuring Additional Swap Space (Tasks)
About Swap Space
Swap Space and Virtual Memory
Swap Space and the TMPFS File System
How Do I Know If I Need More Swap Space?
Swap-Related Error Messages
TMPFS-Related Error Messages
How Swap Space Is Allocated
The /etc/vfstab File
Planning for Swap Space
Monitoring Swap Resources
Adding More Swap Space
Creating a Swap File
The mkfile Command
How to Create a Swap File and Make It Available
Example--Creating a Swap File and Making It Available
Removing a Swap File From Use
How to Remove Extra Swap Space
Example--Removing Extra Swap Space
Chapter 31 Checking File System Integrity
Understanding How the File System State Is Recorded
What fsck Checks and Tries to Repair
Why Inconsistencies May Occur
The UFS Components That Are Checked for Consistency
Superblock
File System and Inode List Size
Free Blocks
Free Inodes
Inodes
Format and Type of Inodes
Link Count
Duplicate Blocks
Bad Block Numbers
Inode Size
Indirect Blocks
Data Blocks
Directory Unallocated
Bad Inode Number
Incorrect "." and ".." Entries
Disconnected Directories
Regular Data Blocks
Modifying Automatic Boot Checking
The /etc/vfstab File
How to Modify Automatic Checking Done During Booting
Interactively Checking and Repairing a UFS File System
How to See If a File System Needs Checking
Example--Seeing If a File System Needs Checking
How to Check File Systems Interactively
Example--Checking File Systems Interactively
Preening UFS File Systems
How to Preen a File System
Example--Preening a File System
Restoring a Bad Superblock
How to Restore a Bad Superblock
Example--Restoring a Bad Superblock
How to Fix a UFS File System fsck Cannot Repair
Syntax and Options for the fsck Command
Generic fsck Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments
Chapter 32 File System Reference
Default Directories for root (/) and /usr File Systems
The Platform-Dependent Directories
The Structure of UFS File System Cylinder Groups
The Boot Block
The Superblock
Inodes
Data Blocks
Free Blocks
Deciding on Custom File System Parameters
Logical Block Size
Fragment Size
Minimum Free Space
Rotational Delay (Gap)
Optimization Type
Number of Files
Commands for Creating a Customized File System
The newfs Command Syntax, Options, and Arguments
Examples--newfs Command Options and Arguments
The Generic mkfs Command
Part IX Backing Up and Restoring Data
Chapter 33 Backing Up and Restoring File Systems (Overview)
Where to Find Backup and Restore Tasks
Definition: Backing Up and Restoring File Systems
Why You Should Back Up File Systems
Choosing a Tape Device
Planning Which File Systems to Back Up
Overview of the Backup and Restore Commands
Choosing the Type of Backup
Guidelines For Scheduling Backups
What Drives a Backup Schedule
How Often Should You Do Backups?
Using Dump Levels to Create Incremental Backups
Dump Levels For Daily, Cumulative Backups
Dump Levels For Daily, Discrete Backups
Sample Backup Schedules
Example--Daily Cumulative, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Needs
Example--Daily Cumulative, Weekly Incremental Backups
Tape Needs
Example--Daily Incremental, Weekly Cumulative Backups
Tape Needs
Example--Backup Schedule for a Server
Other Backup Scheduling Suggestions
Chapter 34 Backing Up Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Preparing to Do Backups
How to Find File System Names
Example--Finding File System Names
How to Determine the Number of Tapes for a Full Backup
Example--Determining Number of Tapes
Doing Backups
How to Do Backups to Tape
Example--Full Backup, root (/)
Example--Incremental Backup, root (/)
Example--Full Backup, Individual Home Directory
Example--Full Backup to Remote System (Solaris 2.6 Data to Solaris 7 System)
Example--Full Backup to Remote System (Solaris 2.7 Data to SunOS 4.1.3 System)
Example--Full Backup to Remote System (SunOS 4.1.3 Data to Solaris 7)
Chapter 35 Restoring Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Preparing to Restore Files and File Systems
Determining the Disk Device Name
Determining the Type of Tape Drive You Will Use
Determining the Tape Device Name
Restoring Complete File Systems
Restoring Individual Files and Directories
Restoring Files and File Systems
How to Determine Which Tapes to Use
Example--Determining Which Tapes to Use
How to Restore Files Interactively
Example--Restoring Files Interactively
How to Restore Specific Files Non-Interactively
Example--Restoring Specific Files Non-Interactively
How to Restore Files Using a Remote Tape Drive
Example--Restoring Files Using a Remote Drive
How to Restore a Complete File System
Example--Restoring a Complete File System
How to Restore the root (/) and /usr File Systems
Example--Restoring the root (/) File System on a SPARC System
Example--Restoring the root (/) File System on an x86 System
Chapter 36 The ufsdump and ufsrestore Commands (Reference)
How ufsdump Works
Determining Device Characteristics
Detecting the End of Media
Copying Data
The Role of the /etc/dumpdates File
Backup Device (dump-file) Argument
Local Tape or Diskette Drive
Remote Tape or Diskette Drive
Standard Output
Specifying Files to Back Up
End-of-Media Detection
Specifying Tape Characteristics
Limitations of the ufsdump Command
Options and Arguments for the ufsdump Command
Default Command Options
Options for the ufsdump Command
The ufsdump Command and Security Issues
Options and Arguments for the ufsrestore Command
Command Syntax
Options and Arguments
Commands for Interactive Restore
Chapter 37 Copying UFS Files and File Systems (Tasks)
Commands for Copying File Systems
Copying File Systems Between Disks
Making a Literal File System Copy
How to Clone a Disk (dd)
Example--Cloning a Disk (dd)
Copying Directories Between File Systems using the cpio Command
How to Copy Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Example--Copying Directories Between File Systems (cpio)
Copying Files and File Systems to Tape
Copying Files to Tape With tar
How to Copy Files to a Tape (tar)
Example--Copying Files to a Tape (tar)
How to List the Files on a Tape (tar)
Example--Listing the Files on a Tape (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Tape (tar)
Example--Retrieving the Files on a Tape (tar)
Copying Files to a Tape With pax
How to Copy Files to a Tape (pax)
Example--Copying Files to a Tape (pax)
How to Copy All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
Example--Copying All Files in a Directory to a Tape (cpio)
How to List the Files on a Tape (cpio)
Example--Listing the Files on a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve All Files From a Tape (cpio)
Example--Retrieving All Files From a Tape (cpio)
How to Retrieve Specific Files From a Tape (cpio)
Example--Retrieving Specified Files From a Tape (cpio)
How to Copy Files to a Remote Tape Drive (tar and dd)
Example--Copying Files to a Remote Tape Drive (tar and dd)
How to Extract Files From a Remote Tape Drive
Example--Extracting Files From a Remote Tape Drive
Copying Files and File Systems to Diskette
Things You Should Know When Copying Files to Diskettes
How to Copy Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
Example--Copying Files to a Single Formatted Diskette (tar)
How to List the Files on a Diskette (tar)
Example--Listing the Files on a Diskette (tar)
How to Retrieve Files From a Diskette (tar)
Examples--Retrieving Files From a Diskette (tar)
How to Archive Files to Multiple Diskettes
Copying Files With a Different Header Format
How to Create an Archive for Older SunOS Releases
Example--Creating an Archive for Older SunOS Releases
Retrieving Files Created With the bar Command
How to Retrieve bar Files From a Diskette
Chapter 38 Managing Tape Drives (Tasks)
Choosing Which Media to Use
Backup Device Names
Specifying the Default Density for a Tape Drive
Specifying Different Densities for a Tape Drive
Displaying Tape Drive Status
How to Display Tape Drive Status
Example-- Displaying Tape Drive Status
Handling Magnetic Tape Cartridges
How to Retension a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Example--How to Retension a Magnetic Tape Drive
How to Rewind a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Example--Rewinding a Magnetic Tape Cartridge
Guidelines for Drive Maintenance and Media Handling
Appendix A The 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment
64-bit: Overview of the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment
64-bit: Do I Need to Use the 64-bit Solaris Application Environment?
64-bit: Do I Need to Use the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment?
64-bit: Which SPARC Systems Support 64-bit Application Development?
64-bit: How Do I Install the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment?
64-bit: How Do I Know Whether a System Can Run the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment?
64-bit: How Do I Determine Whether a System Has 64-bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled?
64-bit: Examples--Determining Whether a System Has 64-bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled
64-bit: How Do I Run Applications in the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment?
64-bit: What About 64-bit Device Drivers or Third-Party Device Drivers?
64-bit: Using the LD_LIBRARY_PATH Variable in the 64-bit Solaris Operating Environment
Do I Boot Systems Running a 32-bit and 64-bit Solaris 7 Kernel the Same Way?
Troubleshooting 64-bit Solaris Boot Problems
64-bit: 64-bit Solaris Package Changes
Automatically Mounting 32-bit or 64-bit Applications
Index
Numbers and Symbols
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