• Title and Copyright Information
• About This Content
  • Information About Cookies
• Part I Get Started
  • Welcome to Visual Builder Studio
    • What is Oracle Visual Builder Studio?
      • Build Enterprise Apps in Minutes
      • Extend Oracle Cloud Applications
    • Access VB Studio
    • Visual Builder and Visual Builder Studio: What’s the Difference?
  • Create Visual Applications
    • Typical Visual Application Workflow
    • Create a Workspace
      • Create a Workspace for a New Visual Application
      • Create a Workspace by Cloning an Existing Repository
      • Create a Workspace by Importing an Application Archive
      • Create a Workspace Without an Environment
    • Add Web Apps to Your Visual Application
      • Create a New Web Application
      • Run Existing Mobile Applications as Web PWAs
    • Tour the Designer
    • Explore Your Project Environment
    • Common Tasks for Visual Applications
      • Manage Visual Application Settings
      • Switch a Workspace
      • Switch a Workspace’s Environment
      • Export and Import Application Resources
      • Export Your Workspace as an Archive
  • Anatomy of Visual Applications
    • Understand Variables
    • Understand Actions and Action Chains
    • Understand Page Flows and Lifecycles
    • Understand UI Components
    • Understand Data Access Through REST
• Part II Connect Applications to Data
  • Work With Business Objects
    • About the Business Objects Pane
    • Create and Edit Business Objects
      • Create a Business Object
      • Add Fields to Business Objects
      • Edit Business Object Fields
    • View, Create, and Edit Business Object Relationships
      • Create a Many-To-One or One-To-One Relationship
      • Create a Many-to-Many Relationship
      • Edit a Business Object Relationship
    • Secure Business Objects
    • Create Rules for Business Objects
      • About Adding Business Rules
      • Access the Current User’s Details in Your Groovy Script
      • Triggers for Business Objects
      • Object Validators for Business Objects
      • Field Validators for Business Objects
      • Object Functions for Business Objects
    • Work with Endpoints to Access Business Objects
      • Access a Business Object’s Resource APIs and Endpoints
      • Work With Query Parameters
      • Add or Remove Exposed Endpoints
    • View and Edit Data in Business Objects
      • Edit the Data in Business Objects
      • Import Data to a Business Object
      • Reload Data from Application Sources
    • Manage Business Object Data During Development
      • Import Data From a File Using the Data Manager
      • Export the Data to a File from the Data Manager
      • Resolve Problems When Importing Data
      • Create Business Objects From a File
      • Set Your Own Audit Fields For Imported Business Objects
      • Import Data into a Deployed Visual Application
      • Export Data from a Deployed Visual Application
    • Optimize Business Object Performance
      • Override Default Timeout for Groovy Scripts
      • Enable Polling for Endpoint Requests
      • Control Data Caching for Business Objects
      • Index a Field to Speed Up Searches and Sorts
    • Work with Business Object Diagrams
      • Create Business Objects with the Diagrammer
      • Create Relationships with the Diagrammer
    • Manage Business Object Settings
    • Switch to Your Own Database Schema for Business Objects
      • Create a Business Object Based on a DB Table or View
      • Add Fields to a Business Object
      • Change a Field’s Data Type
      • Create Calculated Fields for a Business Object
      • Set a Field for Auditing
      • Use a Sequence for a Primary Key Field
      • Create a Relationship Between Business Objects Based on a DB Table
      • Switch Schemas Used During an App’s Lifecycle
  • Work With Services
    • Manage Backends in Your Visual Application
      • What Are Backends?
      • What Are Application Profiles?
      • Set the Backend’s Authentication Method and Connection Type
        • How Does the Identity Propagation Authentication Method Work?
        • How Does the Fixed Credentials Authentication Method Work?
        • What is CORS?
        • Use an Appropriate Connection Type to Handle CORS for REST Services
        • Work with HTTP-based Endpoints
        • Allow Anonymous Access to the Service Data
        • OAuth and JWT Token Validity
      • Add an Oracle Cloud Applications Instance to a Visual Application
      • Create a Backend
        • Add Server Variables for Backends
        • Create a Custom Backend
        • Create a Child Backend
          • Create a Child Backend for a Top-Level Custom Backend
          • Create a Child Backend for the Oracle Cloud Applications Backend
      • Edit a Backend
        • Add Transforms
          • Service-Level Transforms
    • Manage Service Connections
      • What Are Service Connections?
      • Service Connections: Static Versus Dynamic
      • Create a Service Connection
        • Create a Service Connection from a Catalog
          • Create Service Connections from the Oracle Cloud Applications or Integration Applications Catalog
          • Create Service Connections from the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Process Automation Catalog
        • Create a Service Connection from a Service Specification
        • Create a Service Connection from a REST Endpoint
      • Edit a Service Connection
        • Add a Server to a Service Connection
        • Edit Service Endpoints for a Static Service Connection
        • Retrieve Service Metadata for a Dynamic Service Connection
        • Add Server Variables for Service Connections
        • Add More Endpoints to a Service Connection
        • Edit a Server’s Authentication Details
        • Add Transforms to a Service Connection or an Endpoint
        • Convert a Service Connection
        • Test Service Connection Responses
        • Update Schema of the Request or Response
    • Connect to Oracle Cloud Services
      • Connect to Oracle Cloud Applications APIs
      • Connect to Oracle Integration APIs
      • Connect to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Process Automation APIs
      • Connect to Oracle Content Management REST APIs
      • Access Data in an Existing Oracle Database Using ORDS
• Part III Develop Applications
  • Develop Your Application
    • How Are Applications Structured?
    • Which Editor Do I Use?
    • What Are Scopes?
    • Manage App Settings
  • Work With Pages and Flows
    • Use the Page Designer
      • The Components Palette
      • The Structure View
      • The Data Palette
      • The Properties Pane
    • Create and Manage Pages
      • Manage Page Settings
      • Customize Page Headers
      • Set a Page’s Layout
    • Create Pages From Templates
      • Create Pages From Patterns
      • Create Pages From Fragments
      • Change Page Templates
    • Create and Manage Flows
      • Manage Flow Settings
      • Embed a Flow Within a Page
      • Navigate Between Flows in the Root Page
    • Customize Your App’s Root Page
      • Edit an App’s Header, Footer, and Navigation Items
      • Add a Navigation Item for Navigation Drawer Apps
    • Navigate Between Pages and Flows
      • Navigate Between Pages in the Same Flow
      • Navigate Between Pages in Different Flows
  • Work With Components
    • Add Components to Pages
      • Opt In to JET Core Pack Components
      • Add a Component Using Code Completion
      • Bind a Component to Data
      • How Do Quick Starts Work?
        • Add Data to a Table or List
        • Add a Create Page With a Quick Start
        • Add an Edit Page With the Quick Start
        • Add a Details Page With the Quick Start
        • Quick Starts for Dynamic Forms and Tables
      • Add an Image to a Page
      • Add an Icon Component to a Page
      • Add a Camera Component to a Page
      • Filter Data Displayed in a Component
      • Sort Data Displayed in a Component
      • Use Conditions to Show or Hide Components
      • Use Converters to Change Date and Time Formats and Time Zones
    • Add Dynamic Components to Pages
      • What are Dynamic Components?
      • How to Create Layouts With Dynamic Components
      • Add a Dynamic Table to a Page
      • Add a Dynamic Form to a Page
      • Add Display Logic to Determine What’s Displayed at Runtime
        • Create a Layout for a Dynamic Table or Form
        • Group Fields in Dynamic Form Layouts
        • Responsive App Display Logic Example
        • Define Custom Contexts for Components in a Layout
      • Use Field and Form Templates
        • Control How a Field is Rendered with Field Templates
        • Apply a Template to a Field
        • Start an Action Chain from a Field
        • Control How a Form Layout is Rendered
        • Apply a Template to a Form
      • Use Business Rules With Your Rule Sets
        • What Are Business Rules?
          • Include and Exclude Rule Sets in Business Rules
        • Work with Business Rules
          • Create a Rule for Forms
          • Create a Rule for Tables
          • Create Templates for Business Rules
          • Use Nested Rules
          • Add a Switch Rule
          • Add an If/Else Rule
          • Set Conditions for a Rule
          • Override Field Properties in a Form
          • Understand What Will Be Shown at Runtime
            • Interpret the Pop-Up Viewer
            • Identify the Regions and Fields Impacted By a Rule
        • Display Messages in a Form
      • Edit a Field’s Properties
        • Set a Field to be Read Only
        • Set How User Assistance is Rendered in a Layout
        • Set a Field as Required
        • Specify How a User Input Overrides a Field Value
        • Map a Field to a Global Field Template
        • Use Conditions to Show or Hide Fields in a Layout
        • Configure How Columns Render in a Dynamic Table’s Layout
        • Set a Field to Display as a Text Area in a Form
        • Add Converters and Validators to a Field
      • Add a Dynamic Container to a Page
        • Add Fragments as Sections in a Dynamic Container
        • Re-Order a Dynamic Container’s Content
        • Guidelines for Working with Sections
        • Change a Dynamic Container’s Layout
      • Create Fields For a Layout
        • Create a Calculated Field
        • Create a Virtual Field
    • Work With Custom Web Components
      • Work with the Component Exchange
        • Get Components From the Component Exchange
        • Update a Component from the Component Exchange
        • Uninstall a Component
      • Import a Web Component Archive
      • Create a Web Component
  • Work with Variables and Types
    • What are Variables and Types?
    • Create Variables
      • Enable Variables as Input Parameters
      • Track Variables to Detect Unsaved Changes
      • Create Variables to Temporarily Store Data Changes in a Buffer
    • Create Types
      • Create a Custom Object or Array Type
      • Create a Type From an Endpoint
      • Create a Type From Code
    • Service Data Provider
      • Creating a Custom Fetch Action Chain - An Example
      • Delay Display of SDP Data
      • Speed Up Sorts on Business Object Fields
  • Work With JavaScript Action Chains
    • About Action Chains
    • About the Action Chain Editor
      • Create Action Chains in Design View
      • Create Action Chains in Code View
    • About the Action Chain Code
    • Visually Create an Action Chain
    • Built-In Actions
      • Add an Array Operation Action
      • Add an Assign Variable Action
      • Add a Call Action Chain Action
      • Add a Call Component Action
      • Add a Call Function Action
      • Add a Call REST Action
      • Add a Call Variable Action
      • Add a Code Action
      • Add a Fire Data Provider Event Action
      • Add a Fire Event Action
      • Add a Fire Notification Action
      • Add a For Each Action
      • Add a Get Dirty Data Status Action
      • Add a Get Location Action
      • Add an If Action
      • Add a Login Action
      • Add a Logout Action
      • Add a Navigate Back Action
      • Add a Navigate To Flow Action
      • Add a Navigate To Page Action
      • Add an Open URL Action
      • Add a Reset Dirty Data Status Action
      • Add a Reset Variables Action
      • Add a Return Action
      • Add a Run In Parallel Action
      • Add a Scan Barcode Action
      • Add a Share Action
      • Add a String Operation Action
      • Add a Switch Action
      • Add a Try-Catch Action
    • Custom Actions
      • Create a Custom Action
    • Start an Action Chain
      • From a Component
      • When a Variable Changes
      • From a Lifecycle Event
      • By Firing a Custom Event
    • Test Action Chains
      • Create a Test for a Test Case
      • Run the Tests
      • Use the Tests Footer in a Visual Application
      • Test Action Chains Using the vb-test Grunt Task
  • Work With JSON Action Chains
    • About Action Chains
    • Create an Action Chain
    • Built-in Actions
      • Add an Assign Variables Action
      • Add a Call Action Chain Action
      • Add a Call Component Action
      • Add a Call Function Action
      • Add a Call REST Action
      • Add a Call Variable Action
      • Add a Fire Data Provider Event Action
      • Add a Fire Event Action
      • Add a Fire Notification Action
      • Add a Get Location Action
      • Add a Reset Variables Action
      • Add a Login Action
      • Add a Logout Action
      • Add a Scan Barcode Action
      • Add a Take Photo Action
      • Add a Share Action
      • Add a For Each Action
      • Add an If Action
      • Add a Return Action
      • Add a Run In Parallel Action
      • Add a Switch Action
      • Add a Navigate Action
      • Add a Navigate Back Action
      • Add an Open URL Action
    • Custom Actions
      • Create a Custom Action
    • Test Action Chains
      • Manage All Tests in a Visual Application
      • Test Action Chains Using the vb-test Grunt Task
    • Start an Action Chain
      • From a Component
      • When a Variable Changes
      • From a Lifecycle Event
      • By Firing a Custom Event
  • Work With Events and Event Listeners
    • Define Events in Your Application
    • Create Event Listeners for Events
    • Choose How Custom Events Call Event Listeners
    • Enable Asynchronous Handling for Component Events
    • Raise Fragment or Layout Events that Emit to the Parent Container
  • Work With Application Resources
    • Import Resources
    • Manage Custom Component, CSS, and Module Imports
    • Work with the Image Gallery
  • Work With Code
    • Work With JavaScript
      • Add a Custom JavaScript Function
      • Use Variables with a JavaScript Module
      • Work With Third-Party JavaScript Libraries
      • Use RequireJS to Reference Third-Party JavaScript Libraries
      • Add JavaScript Modules As Global Functions
    • Work With JSON
    • Trigger Code Insight
    • Manage Code Editor Settings
  • Work With the Diagram View
    • View a Flow’s Navigation in Diagram View
    • Add Pages and Action Chains to a Flow in Diagram View
      • Add a Page in the Flow Diagram
      • Create an Action Chain in the Flow Diagram
      • Bind an Action Chain in the Flow Diagram to an Existing Event Listener
      • Show or Hide an Action Chain in the Flow Diagram
  • Work With Fragments
    • Create and Add a Fragment to a Page
    • Define Actions and Events in Fragments
    • Manage Fragment Settings
    • Reuse a Fragment
    • Pass Data Between a Fragment and Its Parent Container
      • Enable Fragment Variables as Input Parameters
      • Enable Page Variables to Provide Initial Values for a Fragment’s Input Parameters
      • Automatically Write Back a Fragment Variable’s Value to Its Container Variable
      • Automatically Create and Wire a Fragment Variable on Its Container
      • Sample Scenario: Create a Fragment and Pass Values
      • Create Custom Events that Emit to a Fragment’s Parent Container
      • Automatically Wire a Fragment’s Custom Event to the Parent Container
      • Set the Binding Type for Variables in Dynamic Components
      • Pass a Fragment’s Context to VDOM or Custom Web Components
      • Resolve Expressions in Page Properties Based on Fragment Data
    • Defer Rendering of a Fragment’s Content
    • Add Slots to a Fragment
      • Add Default Content to a Fragment Slot
      • Set Data Context for a Fragment Slot
    • Customize How Fragment Properties Display in the Properties Pane
      • Customize How a Fragment Variable is Displayed in the Properties Pane
      • Section Fragment Properties for Display in the Properties Pane
• Part IV Augment Applications
  • Enable Progressive Web App Support
    • Guidelines for Using PWA Support
    • Configure Progressive Web App Support
    • Generate a QR Code for a PWA-Enabled App
    • Deep Linking on Android
    • Convert a Mobile App to a Web PWA
  • Secure the Application
    • Security for Web Apps
    • Authentication Roles Versus User Roles
    • Manage User Roles and Access
      • Test Role-Based Access
      • Export User Role Mappings
    • Access and Secure Business Objects
    • Allow Anonymous Access
    • Embed a Web Application
  • Add Offline Capabilities to Your Application
  • Optimize Your App for Search Engines
  • Work With Translations
    • About Translation Resources
    • Understand the Structure of Translation Bundles
    • Understand Translation Keys for Display Texts
      • Generate Translation Keys for Display Texts
    • Download Bundles for Translation
    • Use Translation Strings in JavaScript Files
    • Upload Translated Files
    • Create Translation Bundles
• Part V Manage Applications
  • Manage Your Visual Application With Git
    • Review the Process
    • Pull Changes from the Remote Branch
    • Make Your Changes Public
    • File-Management Operations
    • Refresh Your Workspace
    • Keep Your Local and Remote Branches in Sync to Avoid Conflicts
    • Resolve Conflicts Using the Git Panel
      • Use the Context Menu
      • Use the Conflict Editor
    • Stash Your Changes
    • Revert Commits
    • Cherry-Pick Commits Between Branches
    • Create or Switch a Branch
    • Rename a Branch
    • Delete a Local Branch
    • Push a Scratch Repository to a Remote Repository
    • View Git History
  • Preview, Share, and Deploy Visual Applications
    • What Happens When You Share and Deploy Visual Applications?
    • Preview a Visual Application
    • Share a Visual Application
    • Enable or Disable the CI/CD Pipeline for Deployments
    • Deploy a Visual Application Without CI/CD Pipelines
    • Deploy a Visual Application Through CI/CD Pipelines
    • Deploy Changes From the Remote Branch
    • Set Version Information for Your Application
    • Customize Optimization
      • Optimization Configurations for build.json
      • How to Migrate Gruntfile.js Configuration Into build.json
    • Specify a Custom URL for Your App
    • Deploy to Test and Production Instances
      • Deploy a Live Version of an Application
      • Update the Live Version of an Application
    • Create or Renew OAuth Tokens for Your Environment’s Instances
    • Manage Deployed Visual Applications
      • View Deployed Visual Applications
      • View Database Schemas Used During an App’s Lifecycle
      • Undeploy a Visual Application
      • Roll Back a Deployed Visual Application
      • Lock and Unlock a Deployed Visual Application
      • Configure a Build Job to Manage Deployed Visual Apps
  • Manage Runtime Dependencies for Visual Applications
    • Upgrade Your Application
    • Resolve Upgrade Issues
    • What Happens During Software Maintenance?
  • Test and Debug Applications
    • Audit Application Code
    • Preview an App in Debug Mode
    • Suppress Optimization
    • Troubleshoot Build Issues
    • Change an Application’s Log Level
  • Audit, Build, and Deploy Visual Applications Using Grunt
    • Overview
    • Build Your Application With Grunt
      • Download Your Application’s Sources
      • Build and Deploy Your Application
      • Authentication
    • Grunt Tasks to Build Your Visual Application
      • About VB Studio Grunt Build Tasks
      • vb-application
      • vb-archive
      • vb-clean
      • vb-credentials
      • vb-css-minify
      • vb-deploy
      • vb-export
      • vb-fa-generate-base-app-config
      • vb-image-minify
      • vb-json-minify
      • vb-manifest
      • vb-optimize
      • vb-optimize-cdn
      • vb-package
      • vb-prepare
      • vb-prerender-cache-warm
      • vb-process-local
      • vb-process-raw
      • vb-process-raw-index-html
      • vb-pwa
      • vb-pwa-splashscreen
      • vb-require-bundle
      • vb-require-bundle-clean
      • vb-serve
      • vb-test
      • vb-watch
    • Customize Your Grunt Build Process
      • Add Custom Functionality to Existing Tasks
      • Override Existing Grunt Tasks
      • Optimize a Specific Web Application
      • Host an Application on a Content Delivery Network (CDN)
      • Run and Configure a Multitask
      • Customize Bundle Modules
      • Exclude Resources from a Bundle
      • Specify Options of Non-multitasks
    • Audit Your Application Using the vb-audit Grunt Task
• Part VI Use Cases & Troubleshooting
  • Common Use Cases
    • Work With Code Samples
    • Change an Application’s Logo
    • Style and Theme VB Studio Applications
    • Add Login and Logout Capabilities to an Application
      • Customize Application Login
      • Enable Application Logout
    • Create a Custom Lock Page
    • Use a SOAP Web Service With VB Studio
    • Run VB Studio Applications On Other Servers
    • Embed a Web App in an Oracle Cloud Application
    • Call Server-side Functionality from VB Studio
    • Add the Oracle Digital Assistant to Your Web App
    • Abort Pending REST Calls in VB Studio
    • Forms
      • Enable Client-Side Validation for a Form
      • Validate Dates in Forms
    • Tables
      • Modify a Table’s Default Display
      • Reorder Columns in a Table
      • Sort Data in Table Columns
      • Enable Resizing of a Table Column
      • Wrap Table Text
      • Add Columns to an Existing Table
      • Format Row Values in a Table Conditionally
      • Create a Search Filter for a Table
      • Create an Editable Table
      • Update Pagination Behavior for a Table
      • Enable Text Selection in a Table
    • Pages and Flows
      • Restrict User Access to an Application, Flow, or Page
    • Components
      • Conditionally Show or Hide UI Components
      • Enable Time Zone Specification
      • Validate the Length of an Entry in an Input Text Field
      • Filter Multiple Attributes in a Search
      • Set an Initial Value for the Select (Single) Component
    • Business Objects
      • Format a Date Field
      • Apply an Aggregate Function to a Calculated Field From a Child Business Object
  • Troubleshooting & FAQs
    • How Do I Find the URL of My VB Studio Instance?
    • How Do I Find My Application’s Runtime Version?
    • How Do I Clear My App’s Resource Cache?
    • How Do I Write Expressions If a Referenced Field Might Not Be Available Or Its Value Could Be Null?
    • Resolve the "Loading Completed with Errors" Message
    • How Do I Resolve Web Component Loader Issues?
    • How Do I Resolve a ‘Method Not Allowed’ Error?
    • How Do I Resolve a ‘No Such File’ Error for the URI.js File?
    • How Do I Exclude a JavaScript Library from a Packaging Job
    • How Do I Fix a Missing Scroll Bar in a Table?
    • How Do I Access Components After Upgrading?
    • How Do I Fix a Currency Component’s Value Disappearing In Mobile Browsers
    • How Do I Set a Custom Content-Security-Policy Header?
    • Troubleshooting Access Issues
      • Can I Log in Using SSO?
      • How Do I Control the Session Duration For My Visual App?
      • Why Does a Live App That Allowed Anonymous Access Prompt for Login?
    • Troubleshooting Service Connections
      • How Does VB Studio Find a Resource Application within its Identity Domain?
      • How Do I Resolve an "Unknown Host" Error?
      • How Do I Resolve a "Cannot Process Service Scope" Error?
      • How Do Timeout Settings Affect External REST Calls in a Visual App?
      • How Do I Resolve a CORS Error?
      • How Do I Resolve Connection Issues to Oracle Integration 3 Services?
    • Troubleshooting Business Objects
      • What Is The Maximum Data Limit for Business Objects?
      • How Do I Resolve Database Connection Problems?
      • How Do I Resolve a "Failed to verify the target database" Error When Switching the Tenant’s Database
      • How Can I Access Business Object Data?
      • How Do I Resolve a "Maximum Number of Sessions Exceeded" Error?